Uso de antiagregantes plaquetarios durante el embarazo

Acute Myocardial Infarction in Pregnancy

Cardiovascular disease, and particularly ischemic heart disease, is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in high-income countries. The incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been rising over the past two decades due to increasing maternal age and a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the pregnant population. Causes of AMI in pregnancy are diverse and may require specific considerations for their diagnosis and management. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of physiologic changes, risk factors, and etiologies leading to AMI in pregnancy, as well as diagnostic tools, reperfusion strategies, and pharmacological treatments for this complex population. In addition, we outline considerations for labor and delivery planning and long-term follow-up of patients with AMI in pregnancy.

Antiplatelet therapy in pregnancy: A systematic review

OBJECTIVE

To systematically review contemporary data on the safety of clopidogrel and newer antiplatelet agents in pregnant women, with particular attention to maternal and neonatal complications.

METHODS

The review protocol was published via PROSPERO (ID 42020165235) and conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Databases were searched using MeSH and free text terms encompassing the included antiplatelets, relevant indications, and pregnancy. Included studies reported the drug dose, the stage of pregnancy at which it was administered, and at least one primary or secondary outcome relating to pregnancy. The primary outcome was reporting of complications associated with antiplatelet use in pregnancy.

RESULTS

The search yielded 5271 results. 39 publications were included, incorporating 42 live births. The mean age of women was 34.6 years. Seven different antiplatelet agents were described, clopidogrel being most frequent (n = 37). 14 women received antiplatelet therapy in the first trimester. 14 women had regional anaesthesia (12 while taking clopidogrel), all without complication. Two women developed bleeding post caesarean section. There were no recorded neonatal delivery complications. Two neonates had congenital anomalies not felt to be related to maternal antiplatelet use.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review describes outcomes for both mothers and neonates when exposed to clopidogrel at varying durations throughout gestation, and does not suggest higher than acceptable risk, with a congenital anomaly rate comparable to background risk. Evidence for other antiplatelet agents remains limited. Regional anaesthesia should be offered, with recommendation to stop prior to delivery in line with national guidance and in the context of individualised decision making.

"Mind the gap" acute coronary syndrome in women: A contemporary review of current clinical evidence

The incidence and prevalence of coronary artery disease in women has exceeded that in men over the past four decades, and although a significant decline in mortality has occurred in the past two decades, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that there are gender differences between the clinical manifestations and course of coronary artery disease, as well as differences in treatment and treatment response. This review article considers the current literature regarding the gender-specific manifestation of acute coronary syndromes. Through the review of basic science articles, subsets of trial data, and meta-analyses, the gender-specific differences in within acute coronary syndromes are considered in terms of diagnostic dilemmas, pathophysiology, and treatment options (including pharmacological, percutaneous and surgical methods). Finally, acute coronary syndromes and their management in the special circumstance of pregnancy are also reviewed.

Pregnancy after acute coronary syndrome: a proposal for patients' management and a literature review

Coronary artery disease complicates only 0.01% of all pregnancies. For this reason, more exhaustive data on the management of such cases is lacking. Even guidelines on management of cardiovascular disease in pregnant women are scarce focusing mainly on acute myocardial infarction. This is a complex issue involving thorough evaluation of cardiovascular status in each pregnant woman, assessment of risk for developing coronary complications, and close cooperation with obstetric teams. Safety data on typical cardiac drugs such as statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or novel antiplatelet drugs are also scarce and their effect on the developing human fetus is not well understood. We present a review on the management of such patients.

Clopidogrel treatment during pregnancy: a case report and a review of literature

Management of ischemic heart disease in pregnant women is still difficult, as there is little experience with many of the newer treatments such as clopidogrel. The safety of clopidogrel in pregnancy is unknown, especially in combination with aspirin. Its use during gestation has been described in a few case reports. We describe the case of a 36-year-old woman in her 9th week of pregnancy with a history of chronic hypertension, dyslipidemia and CAD, who required antiplatelet treatment. Clopidogrel and aspirin were administrated until one week before delivery and a healthy child was born at 36 weeks of pregnancy by caesarean section, without any complication.