1
|
Martina JA, Guerrero‐Gómez D, Gómez‐Orte E, Antonio Bárcena J, Cabello J, Miranda‐Vizuete A, Puertollano R. A conserved cysteine-based redox mechanism sustains TFEB/HLH-30 activity under persistent stress. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105793. [PMID: 33314217 PMCID: PMC7849306 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian TFEB and TFE3, as well as their ortholog in Caenorhabditis elegans HLH-30, play an important role in mediating cellular response to a variety of stress conditions, including nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress, and pathogen infection. In this study, we identify a novel mechanism of TFEB/HLH-30 regulation through a cysteine-mediated redox switch. Under stress conditions, TFEB-C212 undergoes oxidation, allowing the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds that result in TFEB oligomerization. TFEB oligomers display increased resistance to mTORC1-mediated inactivation and are more stable under prolonged stress conditions. Mutation of the only cysteine residue present in HLH-30 (C284) significantly reduced its activity, resulting in developmental defects and increased pathogen susceptibility in worms. Therefore, cysteine oxidation represents a new type of TFEB post-translational modification that functions as a molecular switch to link changes in redox balance with expression of TFEB/HLH-30 target genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A Martina
- Cell and Developmental Biology CenterNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - David Guerrero‐Gómez
- Redox Homeostasis GroupInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevilleSpain
| | - Eva Gómez‐Orte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR)LogroñoSpain
| | - José Antonio Bárcena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Córdoba and Córdoba Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)CórdobaSpain
| | - Juan Cabello
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR)LogroñoSpain
| | - Antonio Miranda‐Vizuete
- Redox Homeostasis GroupInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevilleSpain
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell and Developmental Biology CenterNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fettis MM, Farhadi SA, Hudalla GA. A chimeric, multivalent assembly of galectin-1 and galectin-3 with enhanced extracellular activity. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:1852-1862. [PMID: 30899922 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01631c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are attractive therapeutic candidates to control aberrant immune system activation because they can alter the phenotype and function of various innate and adaptive immune cells. However, use of exogenous galectin-1 ("G1") and galectin-3 ("G3") as immunomodulators is challenged by their high dosing requirements and dynamic quaternary structures. Here we report a chimeric assembly of G1 and G3 with enhanced extracellular activity ("G1/G3 Zipper"), which was created by recombinant fusion of G1 and G3 via a peptide linker that forms a two-stranded α-helical coiled-coil. G1/G3 Zipper had higher apparent binding affinity for immobilized lactose and a lower concentration threshold for inducing soluble glycoprotein crosslinking than G1, a recombinant fusion of G1 and G3 with a flexible peptide linker ("G1/G3"), or a recently reported stable G1 dimer crosslinked by poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate ("G1-PEG-G1"). As a result, G1/G3 Zipper was more effective at inducing Jurkat T cell apoptosis in media containing serum, and was the only variant that could induce apoptosis at low concentrations under serum-free conditions. The monomeric G1/G3 fusion protein lacked extracellular activity under all conditions tested, suggesting that the enhanced activity of G1/G3 Zipper was due to its quaternary structure and increased carbohydrate-recognition domain valency. Thus, combining G1 and G3 into a non-native chimeric assembly provides a new candidate therapeutic with greater immunomodulatory potency than the wild-type proteins and previously reported engineered variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Fettis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 32611.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lombardi L, Shi Y, Falanga A, Galdiero E, de Alteriis E, Franci G, Chourpa I, Azevedo HS, Galdiero S. Enhancing the Potency of Antimicrobial Peptides through Molecular Engineering and Self-Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1362-1374. [PMID: 30735368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections resulting from bacterial attachment and biofilm formation on medical implants are posing significant challenges in particular with the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Here, we report the design, synthesis and characterization of self-assembled nanostructures, which integrate on their surface antibacterial peptides. The antibacterial WMR peptide, which is a modification of the native sequence of the myxinidin, a marine peptide isolated from the epidermal mucus of hagfish, was used considering its enhanced activity against Gram-negative bacteria. WMR was linked to a peptide segment of aliphatic residues (AAAAAAA) containing a lipidic tail (C19H38O2) attached to the ε-amino of a terminal lysine to generate a peptide amphiphile (WMR PA). The self-assembly of the WMR PA alone, or combined with coassembling shorter PAs, was studied using spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. The designed PAs were shown to self-assemble into stable nanofiber structures and these nanoassemblies significantly inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate the already formed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative bacteria) and Candida albicans (pathogenic fungus) when compared to the native WMR peptide. Our results provide insights into the design of peptide based supramolecular assemblies with antibacterial activity, and establish an innovative strategy to develop self-assembled antimicrobial materials for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Lombardi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Naples , Italy.,School of Engineering and Materials Science , Queen Mary, University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Yejiao Shi
- School of Engineering and Materials Science , Queen Mary, University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Annarita Falanga
- CIRPEB, University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Naples , Italy.,Department of Agricultural Science , University of Naples Federico II , via Università 100 , 80055 Naples , Italy
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology , University of Naples Federico II , via Cinthia , 80100 Naples , Italy
| | - Elisabetta de Alteriis
- Department of Biology , University of Naples Federico II , via Cinthia , 80100 Naples , Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , via Costantinopoli 16 , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Igor Chourpa
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours , 31 avenue Monge , 37000 Tours , France
| | - Helena S Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science , Queen Mary, University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Naples , Italy.,CIRPEB, University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Naples , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dimerization in tailoring uptake efficacy of the HSV-1 derived membranotropic peptide gH625. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9434. [PMID: 28842580 PMCID: PMC5572722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
gH625 constitutes a promising delivery vehicle for the transport of therapeutic biomacromolecules across membrane barriers. We report an application of multivalency to create a complex nanosystem for delivery and to elucidate the mechanism of peptide-lipid bilayer interactions. Multivalency may offer a route to enhance gH625 cellular uptake as demonstrated by results obtained on dimers of gH625 by fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and surface plasmon resonance. Moreover, using both phase contrast and light sheet fluorescence microscopy we were able to characterize and visualize for the first time the fusion of giant unilamellar vesicles caused by a membranotropic peptide.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kader MA, Satake T, Yoshida M, Hayashi I, Suzuki A. Molecular basis of the microtubule-regulating activity of microtubule crosslinking factor 1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182641. [PMID: 28787032 PMCID: PMC5546597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The variety of microtubule arrays observed across different cell types should require a diverse group of proteins that control microtubule organization. Nevertheless, mainly because of the intrinsic propensity of microtubules to easily form bundles upon stabilization, only a small number of microtubule crosslinking proteins have been identified, especially in postmitotic cells. Among them is microtubule crosslinking factor 1 (MTCL1) that not only interconnects microtubules via its N-terminal microtubule-binding domain (N-MTBD), but also stabilizes microtubules via its C-terminal microtubule-binding domain (C-MTBD). Here, we comprehensively analyzed the assembly structure of MTCL1 to elucidate the molecular basis of this dual activity in microtubule regulation. Our results indicate that MTCL1 forms a parallel dimer not only through multiple homo-interactions of the central coiled-coil motifs, but also the most C-terminal non-coiled-coil region immediately downstream of the C-MTBD. Among these homo-interaction regions, the first coiled-coil motif adjacent to N-MTBD is sufficient for the MTCL1 function to crosslink microtubules without affecting the dynamic property, and disruption of this motif drastically transformed MTCL1-induced microtubule assembly from tight to network-like bundles. Notably, suppression of the homo-interaction of this motif inhibited the endogenous MTCL1 function to stabilize Golgi-associated microtubules that are essential for Golgi-ribbon formation. Because the microtubule-stabilizing activity of MTCL1 is completely attributed to C-MTBD, the present study suggests possible interplay between N-MTBD and C-MTBD, in which normal crosslinking and accumulation of microtubules by N-MTBD is essential for microtubule stabilization by C-MTBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdul Kader
- Molecular Cellular Biology Laboratory, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Satake
- Molecular Cellular Biology Laboratory, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yoshida
- Molecular Cellular Biology Laboratory, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hayashi
- Molecular Medical Bioscience Laboratory, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Molecular Cellular Biology Laboratory, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The early divisome protein FtsA interacts directly through its 1c subdomain with the cytoplasmic domain of the late divisome protein FtsN. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:1989-2000. [PMID: 22328664 DOI: 10.1128/jb.06683-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Escherichia coli, FtsN localizes late to the cell division machinery, only after a number of additional essential proteins are recruited to the early FtsZ-FtsA-ZipA complex. FtsN has a short, positively charged cytoplasmic domain (FtsN(Cyto)), a single transmembrane domain (FtsN(TM)), and a periplasmic domain that is essential for FtsN function. Here we show that FtsA and FtsN interact directly in vitro. FtsN(Cyto) is sufficient to bind to FtsA, but only when it is tethered to FtsN(TM) or to a leucine zipper. Mutation of a conserved patch of positive charges in FtsN(Cyto) to negative charges abolishes the interaction with FtsA. We also show that subdomain 1c of FtsA is sufficient to mediate this interaction with FtsN. Finally, although FtsN(Cyto-TM) is not essential for FtsN function, its overproduction causes a modest dominant-negative effect on cell division. These results suggest that basic residues within a dimerized FtsN(Cyto) protein interact directly with residues in subdomain 1c of FtsA. Since FtsA binds directly to FtsZ and FtsN interacts with enzymes involved in septum synthesis and splitting, this interaction between early and late divisome proteins may be one of several feedback controls for Z ring constriction.
Collapse
|
7
|
Muñoz F, Palomares-Jerez MF, Daleo G, Villalaín J, Guevara MG. Cholesterol and membrane phospholipid compositions modulate the leakage capacity of the swaposin domain from a potato aspartic protease (StAsp-PSI). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:1038-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
8
|
Lipid composition modulates the interaction of peptides deriving from herpes simplex virus type I glycoproteins B and H with biomembranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2517-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
9
|
Sutherland TD, Church JS, Hu X, Huson MG, Kaplan DL, Weisman S. Single honeybee silk protein mimics properties of multi-protein silk. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16489. [PMID: 21311767 PMCID: PMC3032785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybee silk is composed of four fibrous proteins that, unlike other silks, are readily synthesized at full-length and high yield. The four silk genes have been conserved for over 150 million years in all investigated bee, ant and hornet species, implying a distinct functional role for each protein. However, the amino acid composition and molecular architecture of the proteins are similar, suggesting functional redundancy. In this study we compare materials generated from a single honeybee silk protein to materials containing all four recombinant proteins or to natural honeybee silk. We analyse solution conformation by dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism, solid state structure by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and fiber tensile properties by stress-strain analysis. The results demonstrate that fibers artificially generated from a single recombinant silk protein can reproduce the structural and mechanical properties of the natural silk. The importance of the four protein complex found in natural silk may lie in biological silk storage or hierarchical self-assembly. The finding that the functional properties of the mature material can be achieved with a single protein greatly simplifies the route to production for artificial honeybee silk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara D Sutherland
- Entomology Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lev N, Fridmann-Sirkis Y, Blank L, Bitler A, Epand RF, Epand RM, Shai Y. Conformational stability and membrane interaction of the full-length ectodomain of HIV-1 gp41: implication for mode of action. Biochemistry 2009; 48:3166-75. [PMID: 19206186 DOI: 10.1021/bi802243j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fusion between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the target cell plasma membrane is correlated with conformational changes in the HIV gp41 glycoprotein, which include an early exposed conformation (prehairpin) and a late low energy six helix bundle (SHB) conformation also termed hairpin. Peptides resembling regions from the exposed prehairpin have been previously studied for their interaction with membranes. Here we report on the expression, purification, SHB stability, and membrane interaction of the full-length ectodomain of the HIV gp41 and its two deletion mutants, all in their SHB-folded state. The interaction of the proteins with zwitterionic and negatively charged membranes was examined by using various biophysical methods including circular dichroism spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, lipid mixing of large unilamellar vesicles, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). All experiments were done in an acidic environment in which the protein remains in its soluble trimeric state. The data reveal that all three proteins fold into a stable coiled-coil core in aqueous solution and retain a stable helical fold with reduced coiled-coil characteristics in a zwitterionic and negatively charged membrane mimetic environment. Furthermore, in contrast with the extended exposed N-terminal domain, the folded gp41 ectodomain does not induce lipid mixing of zwitterionic membranes. However, it disrupts and induces lipid mixing of negatively charged phospholipid membranes (approximately 100-fold more effective than fusion peptide alone), which are known to be expressed more in HIV-1-infected T cells or macrophages. The results support the emerging model in which one of the roles of gp41 folding into the SHB conformation is to slow down membrane disruption effects induced by early exposed gp41. However, it can further affect membrane morphology once exposed to negatively charged membranes during late stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naama Lev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science,RehoVot, 76100 Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Galdiero S, Falanga A, Vitiello M, D’Isanto M, Cantisani M, Kampanaraki A, Benedetti E, Browne H, Galdiero M. Peptides containing membrane-interacting motifs inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 infectivity. Peptides 2008; 29:1461-71. [PMID: 18572274 PMCID: PMC7172891 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) membrane fusion represents an attractive target for anti-HSV therapy. To investigate the structural basis of HSV membrane fusion and identify new targets for inhibition, we have investigated the different membranotropic domains of HSV-1 gH envelope glycoprotein. We observed that fusion peptides when added exogenously are able to inhibit viral fusion likely by intercalating with viral fusion peptides upon adopting functional structure in membranes. Interestingly, peptides analogous to the predicted HSV-1 gH loop region inhibited viral plaque formation more significantly. Their inhibitory effect appears to be a consequence of their ability to partition into membranes and aggregate within them. Circular dichroism spectra showed that peptides self-associate in aqueous and lipidic solutions, therefore the inhibition of viral entry may occur via peptides association with their counterpart on wild-type gH. The antiviral activity of HSV-1 peptides tested provides an attractive basis for the development of new fusion peptide inhibitors corresponding to regions outside the fusion protein heptad repeat regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biostructures, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Vitiello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina D’Isanto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cantisani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biostructures, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Aikaterini Kampanaraki
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Benedetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biostructures, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Helena Browne
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 081 5667646; fax: +39 081 5667578.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rosenfeld Y, Sahl HG, Shai Y. Parameters Involved in Antimicrobial and Endotoxin Detoxification Activities of Antimicrobial Peptides. Biochemistry 2008; 47:6468-78. [DOI: 10.1021/bi800450f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Rosenfeld
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel, and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology Section, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Sahl
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel, and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology Section, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yechiel Shai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel, and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology Section, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Andrä J, Monreal D, Martinez de Tejada G, Olak C, Brezesinski G, Gomez SS, Goldmann T, Bartels R, Brandenburg K, Moriyon I. Rationale for the design of shortened derivatives of the NK-lysin-derived antimicrobial peptide NK-2 with improved activity against Gram-negative pathogens. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:14719-28. [PMID: 17389605 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608920200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptide NK-2 is an effective antimicrobial agent with low hemolytic and cytotoxic activities and is thus a promising candidate for clinical applications. It comprises the alpha-helical, cationic core region of porcine NK-lysin a homolog of human granulysin and of amoebapores of pathogenic amoeba. Here we visualized the impact of NK-2 on Escherichia coli by electron microscopy and used NK-2 as a template for sequence variations to improve the peptide stability and activity and to gain insight into the structure/function relationships. We synthesized 18 new peptides and tested their activities on seven Gram-negative and one Gram-positive bacterial strains, human erythrocytes, and HeLa cells. Although all peptides appeared unordered in buffer, those active against bacteria adopted an alpha-helical conformation in membrane-mimetic environments like trifluoroethanol and negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol (PG) liposomes that mimick the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria. This conformation was not observed in the presence of liposomes consisting of zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine (PC) typical for the human cell plasma membrane. The interaction was paralleled by intercalation of these peptides into PG liposomes as determined by FRET spectroscopy. A comparative analysis between biological activity and the calculated peptide parameters revealed that the decisive factor for a broad spectrum activity is not the peptide overall hydrophobicity or amphipathicity, but the possession of a minimal positive net charge plus a highly amphipathic anchor point of only seven amino acid residues (two helical turns).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Andrä
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Parkallee 10, D-23845 Borstel, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wei X, Zeng XG, Zhou HM. Design and stability of a novel coiled-coil peptide. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:83-6. [PMID: 16844213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
According to a template of natural protein, a novel peptide was designed with satisfied stability which came from the formation of coiled-coil dimer in vitro. The knowledge gained from this study is not only useful in antiparallel coiled-coil designing but also provide an ideal antiparallel coiled-coil model in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Papo N, Shai Y. A Molecular Mechanism for Lipopolysaccharide Protection of Gram-negative Bacteria from Antimicrobial Peptides. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:10378-87. [PMID: 15632151 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412865200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides serve as the first chemical barrier between all organisms and microbes. One of their main targets is the cytoplasmic membrane of the microorganisms. However, it is not yet clear why some peptides are active against one particular bacterial strain but not against others. Recent studies have suggested that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) outer membrane is the first protective layer that actually controls peptide binding and insertion into Gram-negative bacteria. In order to shed light on these interactions, we synthesized and investigated a 12-mer amphipathic alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide (K(5)L(7)) and its diastereomer (4D-K(5)L(7)) (containing four d-amino acids). Interestingly, although both peptides strongly bind LPS bilayers and depolarize bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, only the diastereomer kills Gram-negative bacteria. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared, CD, and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopies revealed that only the diastereomer penetrates the LPS layer. In contrast, K(5)L(7) binds cooperatively to the polysaccharide chain and the outer phosphate groups. As a result, the self-associated K(5)L(7) is unable to traverse through the tightly packed LPS molecules, revealed by epifluorescence studies with LPS giant unilamellar vesicles. The difference in the peptides' modes of binding is further demonstrated by the ability of the diastereomer to induce LPS miscellization, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. In addition to increasing our understanding of the molecular basis of the protection of bacteria by LPS, this study presents a potential strategy to overcome resistance by LPS, and it should help in the design of antimicrobial peptides for future therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niv Papo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|