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Mandriota SJ, Valentijn LJ, Lesne L, Betts DR, Marino D, Boudal-Khoshbeen M, London WB, Rougemont AL, Attiyeh EF, Maris JM, Hogarty MD, Koster J, Molenaar JJ, Versteeg R, Ansari M, Gumy-Pause F. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) silencing promotes neuroblastoma progression through a MYCN independent mechanism. Oncotarget 2015; 6:18558-76. [PMID: 26053094 PMCID: PMC4621910 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer with highly heterogeneous biology and clinical behavior, is characterized by genomic aberrations including amplification of MYCN. Hemizygous deletion of chromosome 11q is a well-established, independent marker of poor prognosis. While 11q22-q23 is the most frequently deleted region, the neuroblastoma tumor suppressor in this region remains to be identified. Chromosome bands 11q22-q23 contain ATM, a cell cycle checkpoint kinase and tumor suppressor playing a pivotal role in the DNA damage response. Here, we report that haploinsufficiency of ATM in neuroblastoma correlates with lower ATM expression, event-free survival, and overall survival. ATM loss occurs in high stage neuroblastoma without MYCN amplification. In SK-N-SH, CLB-Ga and GI-ME-N human neuroblastoma cells, stable ATM silencing promotes neuroblastoma progression in soft agar assays, and in subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. This effect is dependent on the extent of ATM silencing and does not appear to involve MYCN. Our findings identify ATM as a potential haploinsufficient neuroblastoma tumor suppressor, whose inactivation mirrors the increased aggressiveness associated with 11q deletion in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano J. Mandriota
- Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Linda J. Valentijn
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence Lesne
- Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David R. Betts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denis Marino
- Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mary Boudal-Khoshbeen
- Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wendy B. London
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Edward F. Attiyeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M. Maris
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D. Hogarty
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J. Molenaar
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Ansari
- Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Onco-hematology Unit, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Gumy-Pause
- Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Onco-hematology Unit, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Boudra MT, Bolin C, Chiker S, Fouquin A, Zaremba T, Vaslin L, Biard D, Cordelières FP, Mégnin-Chanet F, Favaudon V, Fernet M, Pennaneach V, Hall J. PARP-2 depletion results in lower radiation cell survival but cell line-specific differences in poly(ADP-ribose) levels. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1585-97. [PMID: 25336152 PMCID: PMC11113491 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2 (PARP-2) activity contributes to a cells' poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating potential and like PARP-1, has been implicated in several DNA repair pathways including base excision repair and DNA single strand break repair. Here the consequences of its stable depletion in HeLa, U20S, and AS3WT2 cells were examined. All three PARP-2 depleted models showed increased sensitivity to the cell killing effects on ionizing radiation as reported in PARP-2 depleted mouse embryonic fibroblasts providing further evidence for a role in DNA strand break repair. The PARP-2 depleted HeLa cells also showed both higher constitutive and DNA damage-induced levels of polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) associated with unchanged PARP-1 protein levels, but higher PARP activity and a concomitant lower PARG protein levels and activity. These changes were accompanied by a reduced maximal recruitment of PARP-1, XRCC1, PCNA, and PARG to DNA damage sites. This PAR-associated phenotype could be reversed in HeLa cells on re-expression of PARP-2 and was not seen in U20S and AS3WT2 cells. These results highlight the complexity of the relationship between different members of the PARP family on PAR metabolism and suggest that cell model dependent phenotypes associated with the absence of PARP-2 exist within a common background of radiation sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed-Tayyib Boudra
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Inserm, U612, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-XI, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Celeste Bolin
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Inserm, U612, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Present Address: Department of Biology, The College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Boulevard, Caldwell, ID 83605 USA
| | - Sara Chiker
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Inserm, U612, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-XI, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Alexis Fouquin
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Inserm, U612, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-XI, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Tomasz Zaremba
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Inserm, U612, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Present Address: AstraZeneca Pharma Poland Sp. z o.o.ul., Postępu 18, 02-676 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laurence Vaslin
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Inserm, U612, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Denis Biard
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, DSV-iMETI-SEPIA, 92265 Fontenay Aux Roses, France
| | - Fabrice P. Cordelières
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- CNRS, UMR3348, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Plateforme IBiSA d’Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Institut Curie, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Present Address: Pôle d’imagerie photonique, Institut François Magendie, Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-US4 INSERM, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédérique Mégnin-Chanet
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Inserm, U612, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Present Address: Inserm U1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Vincent Favaudon
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Inserm, U612, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marie Fernet
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Inserm, U612, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Pennaneach
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Inserm, U612, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Janet Hall
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Inserm, U612, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
- Inserm U612, Institut Curie-Recherche, Bât. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
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3
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Sappino AP, Buser R, Seguin Q, Fernet M, Lesne L, Gumy-Pause F, Reith W, Favaudon V, Mandriota SJ. The CEACAM1 tumor suppressor is an ATM and p53-regulated gene required for the induction of cellular senescence by DNA damage. Oncogenesis 2012; 1:e7. [PMID: 23552604 PMCID: PMC3412640 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2012.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor-suppressor protein has a key role in the induction of cellular senescence, an important barrier to cancer development. However, very little is known about the physiological mediators of cellular senescence induced by p53. CEACAM1 is an immunoglobulin superfamily member whose expression is frequently lost in human tumors and exhibits tumor-suppressor features in several experimental systems, including Ceacam1 knockout mice. There is currently little understanding of the pathways and mechanisms by which CEACAM1 exerts its tumor-suppressor function. Here we report that CEACAM1 is strongly upregulated during the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) starting from the lowest doses of DSB inducers used, and that upregulation is mediated by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/p53 pathway. Stable silencing of CEACAM1 showed that CEACAM1 is required for p53-mediated cellular senescence, but not initial cell growth arrest, in response to DNA damage. These findings identify CEACAM1 as a key component of the ATM/p53-mediated cellular response to DNA damage, and as a tumor suppressor mediating cellular senescence downstream of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-P Sappino
- Clinique des Grangettes, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Mandriota SJ, Buser R, Lesne L, Stouder C, Favaudon V, Maechler P, Béna F, Clément V, Rüegg C, Montesano R, Sappino AP. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibition transforms human mammary gland epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:13092-106. [PMID: 20177072 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.078360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carriers of mutations in the cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), which represent 1-2% of the general population, have an increased risk of breast cancer. However, experimental evidence that ATM deficiency contributes to human breast carcinogenesis is lacking. We report here that in MCF-10A and MCF-12A cells, which are well established normal human mammary gland epithelial cell models, partial or almost complete stable ATM silencing or pharmacological inhibition resulted in cellular transformation, genomic instability, and formation of dysplastic lesions in NOD/SCID mice. These effects did not require the activity of exogenous DNA-damaging agents and were preceded by an unsuspected and striking increase in cell proliferation also observed in primary human mammary gland epithelial cells. Increased proliferation correlated with a dramatic, transient, and proteasome-dependent reduction of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27(KIP1) protein levels, whereas little or no effect was observed on p21(WAF1/CIP1) or p27(KIP1) mRNAs. p21(WAF1/CIP1) silencing also increased MCF-10A cell proliferation, thus identifying p21(WAF1/CIP1) down-regulation as a mediator of the proliferative effect of ATM inhibition. Our findings provide the first experimental evidence that ATM is a human breast tumor suppressor. In addition, they mirror the sensitivity of ATM tumor suppressor function and unveil a new mechanism by which ATM might prevent human breast tumorigenesis, namely a direct inhibitory effect on the basal proliferation of normal mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano J Mandriota
- Center of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
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5
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Noël G, Giocanti N, Fernet M, Mégnin-Chanet F, Favaudon V. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) is not involved in DNA double-strand break recovery. BMC Cell Biol 2003; 4:7. [PMID: 12866953 PMCID: PMC179890 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-4-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2003] [Accepted: 07/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytotoxicity and the rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks induced by gamma-rays, H2O2 and neocarzinostatin, were investigated in normal and PARP-1 knockout mouse 3T3 fibroblasts to determine the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) in DNA double-strand break repair. RESULTS PARP-1-/- were considerably more sensitive than PARP-1+/+ 3T3s to induced cell kill by gamma-rays and H2O2. However, the two cell lines did not show any significant difference in the susceptibility to neocarzinostatin below 1.5 nM drug. Restoration of PARP-1 expression in PARP-1-/- 3T3s by retroviral transfection of the full PARP-1 cDNA did not induce any change in neocarzinostatin response. Moreover the incidence and the rejoining kinetics of neocarzinostatin-induced DNA double-strand breaks were identical in PARP-1+/+ and PARP-1-/- 3T3s. Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis following gamma-rays and H2O2 was observed in PARP-1-proficient cells only. In contrast neocarzinostatin, even at supra-lethal concentration, was unable to initiate PARP-1 activation yet it induced H2AX histone phosphorylation in both PARP1+/+ and PARP-1-/- 3T3s as efficiently as gamma-rays and H2O2. CONCLUSIONS The results show that PARP-1 is not a major determinant of DNA double-strand break recovery with either strand break rejoining or cell survival as an endpoint. Even though both PARP-1 and ATM activation are major determinants of the cell response to gamma-rays and H2O2, data suggest that PARP-1-dependent poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis and ATM-dependent H2AX phosphorylation, are not inter-related in the repair pathway of neocarzinostatin-induced DNA double-strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Noël
- Unité 350 INSERM, Institut Curie-Recherche, Bâts. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Bât. 101, Centre Universitaire, BP 65, 91402 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Nicole Giocanti
- Unité 350 INSERM, Institut Curie-Recherche, Bâts. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Marie Fernet
- Unité 350 INSERM, Institut Curie-Recherche, Bâts. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Present address: DNA Repair Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Frédérique Mégnin-Chanet
- Unité 350 INSERM, Institut Curie-Recherche, Bâts. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Favaudon
- Unité 350 INSERM, Institut Curie-Recherche, Bâts. 110-112, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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6
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Heyd B, Lerat G, Adjadj E, Minard P, Desmadril M. Reinvestigation of the proteolytic activity of neocarzinostatin. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:1812-8. [PMID: 10714984 PMCID: PMC101862 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.7.1812-1818.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/1999] [Accepted: 12/17/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neocarzinostatin (NCS) is the most studied member of a family of chromoproteins secreted by a range of actinomycetes species. It has been proposed that in addition to their antitumoral activity related to the bound chromophores, this group of related proteins could be a secreted proteases superfamily. With the aim of dissecting the molecular basis of the proteolytic activity of NCS, an expression system allowing efficient expression of apo-NCS in Escherichia coli was constructed. The recombinant protein was properly folded and functional. Its histone-specific proteolytic activity was similar to the activity described for the natural protein. Further analyses unambiguously demonstrated that the proteolytic activity could be physically separated from NCS. This activity is therefore due not to NCS itself but to minor contaminating proteases, the nature of which differed in the recombinant and natural NCS preparations. The histone degradation test commonly used to monitor proteolytic activity is extremely sensitive and may easily generate false-positive results. These results strongly suggest that the possible proteolytic activity of the proteins of this family should be critically reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Heyd
- Laboratoire de Modélisation et d'Ingénierie des Protéines, EP1088, Université de Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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7
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Adjadj E, Quiniou E, Mispelter J, Favaudon V, Lhoste JM. Three-dimensional solution structure of apo-neocarzinostatin from Streptomyces carzinostaticus determined by NMR spectroscopy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 203:505-11. [PMID: 1531194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional solution structure of apo-neocarzinostatin has been resolved from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data. Up to 1034 constraints were used to generate an initial set of 45 structures using a distance geometry algorithm (DSPACE). From this set, ten structures were subjected to refinement by restrained energy minimization and molecular dynamics. The average atomic root mean square deviations between the final ten structures and the mean structure obtained by averaging their coordinates run from 0.085 nm for the best defined beta-sheet regions of the protein to 0.227 nm for the side chains of the most flexible loops. The solution structure of apo-neocarzinostatin is closely similar to that of the related proteins, macromomycin and actinoxanthin. It contains a seven-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel which forms, together with two external loops, a deep cavity that is the chromophore binding site. It is noteworthy that aromatic side chains extend into the binding cleft. They may be responsible for the stabilization of the holo-protein complex and for the chromophore specificity within the antitumoral family.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adjadj
- U 219 INSERM, Institut Curie, Biologie, Centre universitaire, Orsay, France
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8
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Houée-Levin C, Benzineb K, Gardès-Albert M, Abedinzadeh Z, Ferradini C. Reduction of daunorubicin in the presence of sulfur-containing peptides. Free Radic Biol Med 1991; 11:573-80. [PMID: 1838098 DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(91)90138-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Daunorubicin, an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, was reduced in the presence of reduced (GSH) or oxidized (GSSG) glutathione to evaluate the possibilities of detoxification or of potentiation of the drug by these compounds. The reductants were .COO- free radicals produced by gamma radiolysis. In both cases, the final product is 7-deoxydaunomycinone, i.e., the same as without glutathione. The reduction yield is also the same as without GSH or GSSG (0.23 mumol.J-1). No glutathione depletion was observed. Limits for the rate constants of some possible nonenzymatic detoxification reactions are given. To evaluate the possible interactions of daunorubicin with sulfur-containing proteins, the reduction of this drug by .COO- free radicals was also studied in the presence of a polypeptide containing two disulfide bridges, aponeocarzinostatine. The final product is also 7-deoxydaunomycinone. The yields of reduction of the drug and of a protein disulfide bridge are, respectively, 0.23 mumol.J-1 and less than or equal to 6 nmol.J-1. These values indicate that disulfide radical anions of the protein can reduce the drug, giving back the disulfide bridge, but that the drug transients neither oxidize nor reduce the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Houée-Levin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université Paris V, France
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9
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Favaudon V, Tourbez H, Houée-Levin C, Lhoste JM. CO2.- radical induced cleavage of disulfide bonds in proteins. A gamma-ray and pulse radiolysis mechanistic investigation. Biochemistry 1990; 29:10978-89. [PMID: 2125498 DOI: 10.1021/bi00501a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide bond reduction by the CO2.- radical was investigated in aponeocarzinostatin, aporiboflavin-binding protein, and bovine immunoglobulin. Protein-bound cysteine free thiols were formed under gamma-ray irradiation in the course of a pH-dependent and protein concentration dependent chain reaction. The chain efficiency increased upon acidification of the medium, with an apparent pKa around 5, and decreased abruptly below pH 3.6. It decreased also at neutral pH as cysteine accumulated. From pulse radiolysis analysis, CO2.- proved able to induce rapid one-electron oxidation of thiols and of tyrosine phenolic groups in addition to one-electron donation to exposed disulfide bonds. The bulk rate constant of CO2.- uptake by the native proteins was 5- to 10-fold faster at pH 3 than at pH 8, and the protonated form of the disulfide radical anion, [symbol: see text], appeared to be the major protein radical species formed under acidic conditions. The main decay path of [symbol: see text] consisted of the rapid formation of a thiyl radical intermediate [symbol: see text] in equilibrium with the closed, cyclic form. The thiyl radical was subsequently reduced to the sulfhydryl level [symbol: see text] on reaction with formate, generating 1 mol of the CO2.- radical, thus propagating the chain reaction. The disulfide radical anion [symbol: see text] at pH 8 decayed through competing intramolecular and/or intermolecular routes including disproportionation, protein-protein cross-linking, electron transfer with tyrosine residues, and reaction with sulfhydryl groups in prereduced systems. Disproportionation and cross-linking were observed with the riboflavin-binding protein solely. Formation of the disulfide radical cation [symbol: see text], phenoxyl radical Tyr-O. disproportionation, and phenoxyl radical induced oxidation of preformed thiol groups should also be taken into consideration to explain the fate of the oxygen-centered phenoxyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Favaudon
- Unité 219 INSERM, Institut Curie-Biologie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
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10
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Adjadj E, Mispelter J, Quiniou E, Dimicoli JL, Favaudon V, Lhoste JM. Proton NMR studies of apo-neocarzinostatin from Streptomyces carzinostaticus. Sequence-specific assignment and secondary structure. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 190:263-71. [PMID: 2142075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The sequence-specific resonance assignment of apo-neocarzinostatin from Streptomyces carzinostaticus was carried out from two-dimensional proton-NMR spectra. The assignments were obtained for the backbone protons of 111 of the 113 residues of the protein, missing the two C alpha H of one glycine but including 3 of the 4 prolines. The majority of side chain protons were also assigned. The secondary structure derived from the analysis of sequential connections corresponds to ten beta-strands separated by clearly identified loops and turns. Inter-strand connectivities and slowly exchanging amide protons confirm the presence of the two disulfide bridges from Cys37 to Cys47 and from Cys88 to Cys93 and indicate a global folding similar to that of the similar proteins, actinoxanthin and macromomycin, for which crystallographic data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adjadj
- U 219 INSERM, Institut Curie, Biologie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
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11
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Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which the antitumor protein antibiotic, neocarzinostatin, interacts with DNA and causes DNA sugar damage is discussed. Physical binding of the nonprotein chromophore of neocarzinostatin to DNA, involving an intercalative process and dependent on the microheterogeneity of DNA structure, is followed by thiol activation of the drug to a probable radical species. The latter attacks the deoxyribose, especially at thymidylate residues, by abstracting a hydrogen atom from C-5' to generate a carbon-centered radical on the DNA. This nascent form of DNA damage either reacts with dioxygen to form a peroxyl radical derivative, which eventuates in a strand break with a nucleoside 5'-aldehyde at the 5'-end or reacts with the bound drug to form a novel drug-deoxyribose covalent adduct. Nitroaromatic radiation sensitizers can substitute for dioxygen, but the DNA damage products are different. Similarities between the various biological effects of neocarzinostatin and ionizing radiation are reviewed.
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12
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DeGraff WG, Russo A, Mitchell JB. Glutathione depletion greatly reduces neocarzinostatin cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster V79 cells. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Favaudon V, Charnas RL, Goldberg IH. Poly(deoxyadenylic-deoxythymidylic acid) damage by radiolytically activated neocarzinostatin. Biochemistry 1985; 24:250-9. [PMID: 3156631 DOI: 10.1021/bi00323a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic reaction of poly(deoxyadenylic-deoxythymidylic acid) with neocarzinostatin activated by the carboxyl radical CO2-, an electron donor generated from gamma-ray radiolysis of nitrous oxide saturated formate buffer, has been characterized. DNA damage includes base release and strand breaks. Few strand breaks are formed prior to alkaline treatment; they bear 3'-phosphoryl termini. In contrast, most (66%) of the base release occurs spontaneously. DNA damage is highly (95%) specific for thymidine sites. Neither DNA-drug covalent adduct nor nucleoside 5'-aldehyde, which are major products in the DNA-nicking reaction initiated by mercaptans and oxygen, is formed in this reaction. Data are presented to show that the CO2(-)-activated neocarzinostatin intermediate is a short-lived free radical able to abstract hydrogen atoms from the C-1' and C-5' positions of deoxyribose. Attack occurs mostly (68%) at the C-1' position, producing a lesion whose properties are consistent with those of (oxidized) apyrimidinic sites.
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Kappen LS, Goldberg IH. Nitroaromatic radiation sensitizers substitute for oxygen in neocarzinostatin-induced DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984; 81:3312-6. [PMID: 6233608 PMCID: PMC345497 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.11.3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of neocarzinostatin (NCS) chromophore to damage DNA, as manifested by strand breaks and base release, is markedly decreased under anaerobic conditions but can be restored by nitroaromatic radiation sensitizers, which by themselves have no effect. The effectiveness of these compounds is correlated with their electron affinity as measured by their one-electron reduction potentials and is inversely related to the concentration of thiol used to activate the NCS. Whereas strand breaks with thymidine 5'-aldehyde at the 5' end and released thymine are the main DNA damage products in O2, under anaerobic conditions misonidazole causes a marked increase in the release of thymine and in the formation of breaks with 5'- phosphate ends. In both cases the 3' end of the break carries a phosphate group, and the attack-site specificity of spontaneous and alkali-labile DNA strand breakage and base release are identical. In O2, misonidazole does not affect the extent of DNA damage or alter the distribution of DNA damage products found with NCS alone. The data do not distinguish whether the nitroaromatic compounds function by interacting with NCS-induced nascent damage on the DNA, by being converted by activated NCS into a DNA-damaging species, or by participating in the activation of NCS to a DNA-damaging species. The implications of these results for the treatment of hypoxic tumor cells with the combined use of radiomimetic drugs and radiation sensitizers are discussed.
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