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Cheng S, Yan Z, Shan L, Huang J, Yu Z, Wei Z, Wang H, Li Z, Yang B, Shu J. Novel MCP-Windowed EUV Light Source and Its Mass Spectrometric Application for Detecting Chlorinated Methanes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16531-16538. [PMID: 37747740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Various vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lamps are simple and convenient VUV light sources for mass spectrometry and other research fields. However, the strong absorption of high-energy photons by window materials limits the application of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light. In this study, a novel high-flux EUV light source is developed using a microchannel plate (MCP) window to transmit 73.6 nm (16.9 eV) EUV light generated via the radio frequency (RF) inductive discharge of neon. The MCP used is a 0.5 mm thick glass plate with a regular array of microtubes (12 μm i.d.). The photon fluxes of the EUV light source with the MCP window (12 mm i.d.) and an aperture (1.8 mm i.d.) are ∼1.31 × 1014 and ∼9.80 × 1012 photons s-1, respectively, while their corresponding leakage flow rates of the discharge gas are 0.062 and 0.046 cm3 atom s-1, according to the contrast experiments. The transmission efficiency of the MCP to the EUV light is 30.2%, with a 1.2% deviation. An EUV photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EUV-PI-TOFMS) is built to validate the practicality of the MCP-windowed EUV light source further. The detection sensitivities in 30 s measurements for methyl chloride (CH3Cl), methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), trichloromethane (CHCl3), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in synthetic air are 4366, 4120, 5854, and 4095 counts ppbv-1, respectively. The corresponding 3σ limits of detection (LODs) are 42, 34, 24, and 15 pptv. This study develops a new feasible method for efficiently utilizing high-energy EUV light, with many application prospects in scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Cheng
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitao Yan
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Shan
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Huang
- China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100840, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangqi Yu
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyang Wei
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijie Wang
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinian Shu
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
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Kokkonen E, Jänkälä K, Patanen M, Cao W, Hrast M, Bučar K, Žitnik M, Huttula M. Role of ultrafast dissociation in the fragmentation of chlorinated methanes. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:174301. [PMID: 29739226 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photon-induced fragmentation of a full set of chlorinated methanes (CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4) has been investigated both experimentally and computationally. Using synchrotron radiation and electron-ion coincidence measurements, the dissociation processes were studied after chlorine 2p electron excitation. Experimental evidence for CH3Cl and CH2Cl2 contains unique features suggesting that fast dissociation processes take place. By contrast, CHCl3 and CCl4 molecules do not contain the same features, hinting that they experience alternative mechanisms for dissociation and charge migration. Computational work indicates differing rates of charge movement after the core-excitation, which can be used to explain the differences observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kokkonen
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - K Jänkälä
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - M Patanen
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - W Cao
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - M Hrast
- Jožef Stefan Institute, P.O. Box 3000, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - K Bučar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, P.O. Box 3000, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Žitnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, P.O. Box 3000, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Huttula
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
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Tang X, Lin X, Zhang W, Garcia GA, Nahon L. Double imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence sheds new light on the dissociation of energy-selected CH3Cl+ ions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:23923-31. [PMID: 27524637 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04161b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dissociation mechanisms of CH3Cl+ have been probed to be state-specific and the umbrella mode of the CH3+ fragments is assigned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Tang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lin
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | | | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L’Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
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Tang X, Garcia GA, Nahon L. Adiabatic ionization energies of the overlapped A2A1 and B2E electronic states in CH3Cl+/CH3F+ measured with double imaging electron/ion coincidence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:16858-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02105g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The overlapped A2A1 and B2E electronic states of CH3Cl+ have been separated and their adiabatic ionization energies have been measured from an electron and ion kinetic energy correlation diagram based on their different dissociation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Tang
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L'Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
| | | | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L'Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
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Cartoni A, Bolognesi P, Fainelli E, Avaldi L. Photofragmentation spectra of halogenated methanes in the VUV photon energy range. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:184307. [PMID: 24832270 DOI: 10.1063/1.4874114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper an investigation of the photofragmentation of dihalomethanes CH2X2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) and chlorinated methanes (CH(n)Cl(4-n) with n = 0-3) with VUV helium, neon, and argon discharge lamps is reported and the role played by the different halogen atoms is discussed. Halogenated methanes are a class of molecules used in several fields of chemistry and the study of their physical and chemical proprieties is of fundamental interest. In particular their photodissociation and photoionization are of great importance since the decomposition of these compounds in the atmosphere strongly affects the environment. The results of the present work show that the halogen-loss is the predominant fragmentation channel for these molecules in the VUV photon energy range and confirm their role as reservoir of chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms in the atmosphere. Moreover, the results highlight the peculiar feature of CH2F2 as a source of both fluorine and hydrogen atoms and the characteristic formation of I2(+) and CH2(+) ions from the photofragmentation of the CH2I2 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cartoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Paola Bolognesi
- CNR-IMIP, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo (Rm) 00015, Italy
| | - Ettore Fainelli
- CNR-IMIP, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo (Rm) 00015, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Avaldi
- CNR-IMIP, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo (Rm) 00015, Italy
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de Medeiros VC, do Monte SA, Ventura E. Valence and Rydberg states of CH3Cl: a MR-CISD study. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10567b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work ten singlet and nine triplet states are studied through multi-reference configuration interactions with singles and doubles (MR-CISD), including Davidson extensivity correction (MR-CISD+Q).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silmar A. do Monte
- Departamento de Química
- CCEN
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba
- João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Elizete Ventura
- Departamento de Química
- CCEN
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba
- João Pessoa, Brazil
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Grütter M, Qian X, Merkt F. Photoelectron spectroscopic study of the E ⊗ e Jahn-Teller effect in the presence of a tunable spin-orbit interaction. III. Two-state excitonic model accounting for observed trends in the X̃2E ground state of CH 3X+(X=F, Cl , Br ,I) and CH 3Y(Y=O,S). J Chem Phys 2012; 137:084313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4745002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shao Z, Li H, Zhang S, Li J, Dai Z, Mo Y, Bae YJ, Kim MS. The Jahn-Teller effect in CH 3 Cl +(X̃E2): A combined high-resolution experimental measurement and ab initio theoretical study. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:064308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3679655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Tang X, Zhou X, Wu M, Liu S, Liu F, Shan X, Sheng L. Dissociative photoionization of methyl chloride studied with threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence velocity imaging. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:034304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3676411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Grütter M, Merkt F. Photoelectron spectroscopic study of the E ⊗ e Jahn–Teller effect in the presence of a tunable spin–orbit interaction. II. Rovibronic analysis of the2E ground state of CH3CI+. Mol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2011.609143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Simpson MJ, Tuckett RP. Vacuum-UV negative photoion spectroscopy of gas-phase polyatomic molecules. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2011.581000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Grütter M, Michaud JM, Merkt F. Photoelectron spectroscopic study of the E⊗e Jahn–Teller effect in the presence of a tunable spin–orbit interaction. I. Photoionization dynamics of methyl iodide and rotational fine structure of CH3I+and CD3I+. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:054308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3547548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Rogers NJ, Simpson MJ, Tuckett RP, Dunn KF, Latimer CJ. Vacuum-UV negative photoion spectroscopy of CH3F, CH3Cl and CH3Br. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:10971-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00234h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Medium and high resolution vacuum UV photoabsorption spectroscopy of methyl iodide (CH3I) and its deuterated isotopomers CD3I and CH2DI. A Rydberg series analysis. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2009.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Locht R, Leyh B, Dehareng D, Jochims H, Baumgärtel H. The vacuum UV photoabsorption spectroscopy of vinyl fluoride (C2H3F): The vibrational fine structure and its analysis. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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He YL, Wang L. Cations of halogenated methanes: adiabatic ionization energies, potential energy surfaces, and ion fragment appearance energies. Struct Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-009-9444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Ponomarev D, Takhistov V, Slayden S, Liebman J. Thermochemistry of organic, elementorganic and inorganic species. Part XXI: Enthalpies of formation for bi- and triradicals of main group elements’ halogenides. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Holland D, Powis I, Öhrwall G, Karlsson L, von Niessen W. A study of the photoionisation dynamics of chloromethane and iodomethane. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Locht R, Leyh B, Dehareng D, Hottmann K, Jochims H, Baumgärtel H. About the photoionization of methyl bromide (CH3Br). Photoelectron and photoionization mass spectrometric investigation. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Locht R, Leyh B, Jochims H, Baumgärtel H. The vacuum UV photoabsorption spectrum of methyl bromide (CH3Br) and its perdeuterated isotopomer CD3Br: a Rydberg series analysis. Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Xi HW, Huang MB, Chen BZ, Li WZ. Cl-Loss and H-Loss Dissociations in Low-Lying Electronic States of the CH3Cl+ Ion Studied Using Multiconfiguration Second-Order Perturbation Theory. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:4381-7. [PMID: 16833769 DOI: 10.1021/jp050344h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To examine the experimentally suggested scheme of the pathways for Cl- and H-loss dissociations of the CH(3)Cl(+) ion in the X(2)E (1(2)A', 1(2)A' '), A(2)A(1) (2(2)A'), and B(2)E (3(2)A', 2(2)A") states, the complete active space-self-consistent field (CASSCF) and multiconfiguration second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) calculations with an atomic natural orbital (ANO) basis were performed for the 1(2)A' (X(2)A'), 1(2)A", 2(2)A', and 2(2)A'" states. The potential energy curves describing dissociation from the four C(s) states were obtained on the basis of the CASSCF partial geometry optimization calculations at fixed C-Cl or C-H distance values, followed by the CASPT2 energy calculations. The electronic states of the CH3(+) and CH(2)Cl(+) ions produced by Cl-loss and H-loss dissociation, respectively, were carefully determined. Our calculations confirm the following experimental facts: Cl-loss dissociation occurs from the 1(2)A' (X(2)A'), 1(2)A", and 2(2)A' states (all leading to CH3(+) (X(1)A(1)') + Cl), and H-loss dissociation does not occur from 2(2)A'. The calculations indicate that H-loss dissociation occurs from the 1(2)A' and 1(2)A' ' states (leading to CH(2)Cl(+) (X(1)A(1)) + H and CH(2)Cl(+) (1(3)A") + H, respectively). The calculations also indicate that H-loss dissociation occurs (with a barrier) from the 2(2)A" state (leading to CH(2)Cl(+) (1(1)A") + H), supporting the observation of direct dissociation from the B state to CH(2)Cl(+) and that Cl-loss dissociation occurs from the 2(2)A" state (leading to CH3(+) (1(3)A") + Cl), not supporting the previously proposed Cl-loss dissociation of the B state via internal conversion of B to A. The predicted appearance potential values for CH3(+) (X(1)A(1)') and CH(2)Cl(+) (X(1)A(1)) are in good agreement with the experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Xi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 4588, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:443-453. [PMID: 11948851 DOI: 10.1002/jms.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Locht R, Leyh B, Hoxha A, Jochims H, Baumgärtel H. The vacuum UV photoabsorption spectrum of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and its perdeuterated isotopomer CD3Cl I. A Rydberg series analysis. Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(01)00464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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