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Large-scale ex vivo generation of human neutrophils from cord blood CD34+ cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180832. [PMID: 28700636 PMCID: PMC5507460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional high-dose chemotherapy frequently leads to severe neutropenia, during which patients experience a high risk of infection. Although support care with donor’s neutrophils is possible this choice is largely hampered by the limited availability of matched donors. To overcome this problem, we explored a large-scale ex vivo production of neutrophils from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) using a four-stage culture approach in a roller-bottle production platform. We expanded CD34+ HSCs isolated from umbilical cord blood (UCB) using our in-house special medium supplemented with cytokine cocktails and achieved about 49000-fold expansion of cells, among which about 61% were differentiated mature neutrophils. Ex vivo differentiated neutrophils exhibited a chemotactic activity similar to those from healthy donors and were capable of killing E. coli in vitro. The expansion yield as reported herein was at least 5 times higher than any other methods reported in the literature. Moreover, the cost of our modified medium was only a small fraction (<1/60) of the StemSpan™ SFEM. Therefore, our ex vivo expansion platform, coupled with a low cost of stem cell culture due to the use of a modified medium, makes large-scale manufacturing neutrophils possible, which should be able to greatly ameliorate neutrophil shortage for transfusion in the clinic.
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Ko KH, Nordon R, O'Brien TA, Symonds G, Dolnikov A. Ex Vivo Expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Improve Engraftment in Stem Cell Transplantation. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1524:301-311. [PMID: 27815911 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6603-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The efficient use of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for transplantation is often limited by the relatively low numbers of HSC collected. The ex vivo expansion of HSC for clinical use is a potentially valuable and safe approach to increase HSC numbers thereby increasing engraftment and reducing the risk of morbidity from infection. Here, we describe a protocol for the robust ex vivo expansion of human CD34(+) HSC isolated from umbilical cord blood. The protocol described can efficiently generate large numbers of HSC. We also describe a flow cytometry-based method using high-resolution division tracking to characterize the kinetics of HSC growth and differentiation. Utilizing the guidelines discussed, it is possible for investigators to use this protocol as presented or to modify it for their specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kap-Hyoun Ko
- Sydney Cord and Marrow Transplant Facility, Sydney Children's Hospital, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Robert Nordon
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracey A O'Brien
- Sydney Cord and Marrow Transplant Facility, Sydney Children's Hospital, Centre for Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoff Symonds
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alla Dolnikov
- Sydney Cord and Marrow Transplant Facility, Sydney Children's Hospital, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Production of the plasma-cell survival factor a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) peaks in myeloid precursor cells from human bone marrow. Blood 2011; 118:1838-44. [PMID: 21642598 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-01-332940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is an organ extremely efficient in mediating long-term survival of plasma cells (PCs), ensuring an immune humoral memory. This implies that the BM must provide continuously key PC survival factors. Our results show that the BM is an organ constitutively rich in a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily implicated in PC survival. APRIL production is induced during hematopoiesis in myeloid cells by non-lineage-committing factors such as stem cell factor, thrombopoietin, IL-3, and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand. Notably, APRIL production, both in the human and mouse systems, peaks in myeloid precursor cells, before dropping in fully mature granulocytes. Myeloid cells secrete APRIL that circulates freely in BM plasma to act on PCs, usually at distance from APRIL production sites. Selective APRIL in vivo antagonism and in vitro coculture experiments further demonstrated that myeloid precursor cells mediates PC survival in an APRIL-dependent manner Thus, APRIL production by myeloid precursor cells shows that the 2 main BM functions, hematopoiesis and long-term PC survival, are linked. Such constitutive and high APRIL production may explain why BM mediates long-term PC survival.
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Marturana F, Timmins NE, Nielsen LK. Short-term exposure of umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells to granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor early in culture improves ex vivo expansion of neutrophils. Cytotherapy 2011; 13:366-77. [DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2010.518610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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5
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Ko KH, Nordon R, O'Brien TA, Symonds G, Dolnikov A. Ex vivo expansion of haematopoietic stem cells to improve engraftment in stem cell transplantation. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 761:249-260. [PMID: 21755454 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-182-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The efficient use of haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for transplantation is often limited by the relatively low numbers of HSC collected. The ex vivo expansion of HSC for clinical use is a potentially valuable and safe approach to increase HSC numbers thereby increasing engraftment and reducing the risk of morbidity from infection. Here we describe a protocol for the robust ex vivo expansion of human CD34(+) HSC isolated from umbilical cord blood. The protocol described can efficiently generate large numbers of HSC. We also describe a flow cytometry-based method using high resolution division tracking to characterise the kinetics of HSC growth and differentiation. Utilising the guidelines discussed, it is possible for investigators to use this protocol as presented or to modify it for their specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kap-Hyoun Ko
- Sydney Cord & Marrow Transplant Facility, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sydney Children's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
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Tormin A, Brune JC, Olsson E, Valcich J, Neuman U, Olofsson T, Jacobsen SE, Scheding S. Characterization of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) based on gene expression profiling of functionally defined MSC subsets. Cytotherapy 2009; 11:114-28. [DOI: 10.1080/14653240802716590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lorenzon D, Mazzucato M, Abbruzzese L, Cilli M, De Angeli S, Degan M, Mambrini G, Piccardi F, Rupolo M, Michieli M, De Marco L, Gattei V, Astori G. Preclinical ex vivo expansion of peripheral blood CD34+ selected cells from cancer patients mobilized with combination chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Vox Sang 2008; 94:342-50. [PMID: 18282263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2008.01038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ex vivo peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) expansion has been proposed as a strategy to increase the number of haematopoietic progenitors available for cell transplantation. We have expanded CD34+ cells from PBPCs obtained from four patients with haematological malignancies and one patient with an Ewing's sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were expanded in the Dideco 'Pluricell system'. After 12 days in culture, we evaluated cell phenotype, total nucleated cells, CD34+ fold increase, cell apoptosis and colony assay of expanded cells. Cell engraftment has been evaluated by transplanting two groups of irradiated non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mice with expanded and non-expanded cell populations. RESULTS Total nucleated cells and CD34+ cells increased 59.5 and 4.0 times, respectively. The expanded cells were mainly constituted of myeloid and megakaryocytic cells. A significant increase in the number of colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) was observed in the CFU assay. Ten mice transplanted with expanded cells showed a best overall survival (80%) compared to 10 mice transplanted with non-expanded cells (20%). Human CD45+ cells were detected by flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction in bone marrow and spleen of transplanted animals. The relative low engraftment level obtained with the expanded cells suggests a loss of SCID repopulating cells maybe due to cell differentiation during expansion. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the feasibility of the ex vivo expansion of mobilized PBPCs from cancer patients, evidencing a clonal expansion of CFUs and the ability of the expanded cells to engraft the bone marrow and spleen of immunosuppressed mice. The differentiation of the CD34+ stem cell compartment could be further minimized by ameliorating the expansion conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lorenzon
- Clinical and Experimental Haematology Research Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, PN, Italy
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Optimal ex vivo expansion of neutrophils from PBSC CD34+ cells by a combination of SCF, Flt3-L and G-CSF and its inhibition by further addition of TPO. J Transl Med 2007; 5:53. [PMID: 17971220 PMCID: PMC2174439 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-5-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous mobilised peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation is now a standard approach in the treatment of haematological diseases to reconstitute haematopoiesis following myeloablative chemotherapy. However, there remains a period of severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia before haematopoietic reconstitution is achieved. Ex vivo expanded PBSC have been employed as an adjunct to unmanipulated HSC transplantation, but have tended to be produced using complex cytokine mixtures aimed at multilineage (neutrophil and megakaryocyte) progenitor expansion. These have been reported to reduce or abrogate neutropenia but have little major effect on thrombocytopenia. Selective megakaryocyte expansion has been to date ineffective in reducing thrombocytopenia. This study was implemented to evaluate neutrophil specific rather than multilineage ex vivo expansion of PBSC for specifically focusing on reduction or abrogation of neutropenia. METHODS CD34+ cells (PBSC) were enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells following G-CSF-mobilisation and cultured with different permutations of cytokines to determine optimal cytokine combinations and doses for expansion and functional differentiation and maturation of neutrophils and their progenitors. Results were assessed by cell number, morphology, phenotype and function. RESULTS A simple cytokine combination, SCF + Flt3-L + G-CSF, synergised to optimally expand and mature neutrophil progenitors assessed by cell number, phenotype, morphology and function (superoxide respiratory burst measured by chemiluminescence). G-CSF appears mandatory for functional maturation. Addition of other commonly employed cytokines, IL-3 and IL-6, had no demonstrable additive effect on numbers or function compared to this optimal combination. Addition of TPO, commonly included in multilineage progenitor expansion for development of megakaryocytes, reduced the maturation of neutrophil progenitors as assessed by number, morphology and function (respiratory burst activity). CONCLUSION Given that platelet transfusion support is available for autologous PBSC transplantation but granulocyte transfusion is generally lacking, and that multilineage expanded PBSC do not reduce thrombocytopenia, we suggest that instead of multilineage expansion selective neutrophil expansion based on this relatively simple cytokine combination might be prioritized for development for clinical use as an adjunct to unmanipulated PBSC transplantation to reduce or abrogate post-transplant neutropenia.
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Koutna I, Klabusay M, Kohutova V, Krontorad P, Svoboda Z, Kozubek M, Mayer J. Evaluation of CD34+ - and Lin- -selected cells from peripheral blood stem cell grafts of patients with lymphoma during differentiation in culture ex vivo using a cDNA microarray technique. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:832-40. [PMID: 16797410 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hematopoietic stem cells (enriched in fraction of CD34+ cells) have the ability to regenerate hematopoiesis in all of its lineages, and this potential is clinically used in transplanting bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells. Our objective was to assemble a suitable method for evaluating gene expression in enriched populations of hematopoietic stem cells. We compared biologic properties of cells cultured ex vivo obtained using two different ways of immunomagnetic separation (positive selection of CD34+ cells and negative selection of Lin- cells) by means of a cDNA microarray technique. METHODS CD34+ and Lin- cells were enriched from peripheral blood stem cell (PBSCs) grafts of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Isolated cells were in the presence of cytokine PBSCs, Flt-3 ligand, interleukin-3, interleukin-6, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. At days 0, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 cells were harvested and analyzed by cDNA microarrays. Total cell expansion, CD34+, colony-forming unit for granulocyte-macrophage and megakaryocytes expansion, vitality, and phenotype of cells were also analyzed. RESULTS cDNA microarray analysis of cultured hematopoietic cells proved equivalence of the two enrichment methods for PBSC samples and helped us characterize differentiating cells cultured ex vivo. CONCLUSION Our methodologic approach is helpful in characterizing cultured hematopoietic cells cultured ex vivo, but it is also suitable for more general purposes. Equivalence of CD34+ and Lin- selection methods from PBSC samples proved by cDNA microarray may have an implication for graft manipulation in an experimental setting of hematopoietic transplantation. Total cell expansion and colony formation and phenotype from CD34+ selected and from Lin- samples were comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Koutna
- Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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De Bruyn C, Delforge A, Martiat P, Bron D. Ex vivo expansion of neutrophil precursor cells from mobilized peripheral blood cells: similar results in cancer patients and normal donors. Cytotherapy 2005; 7:470-7. [PMID: 16306008 DOI: 10.1080/14653240500363208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infusion of ex vivo differentiated myeloid progenitors may reduce or abrogate severe neutropenia following mobilized peripheral blood transplantation. We compared the ex vivo expansion of myeloid progenitor cells starting from cancer patients (CP) and from normal donors (ND) and evaluated the influence of the CD34(+) cell mobilization on the capacities of cells to be expanded. METHODS The ex vivo-expanded cells were evaluated for their phenotype, the presence of primary and secondary granules and their functional capacities (oxidative burst activity and phagocytosis). RESULTS We did not observe significant differences between ND and CP for the total leukocyte and CD34(+) cell expansions nor for the myeloid progenitor production. In CP as well as in ND, the expanded cells were functionally competent. DISCUSSION This suggests that the capacities of CD34(+) cells to proliferate and differentiate ex vivo are not impaired by prior chemotherapy and/or disease status. On the other hand, we did not observe any significant correlation between the number of mobilized CD34(+) cells before apheresis and the cell expansion. In conclusion, the ex vivo expansion of CP and ND cells is comparable and achievable even with a low CD34(+) cell number in mobilized peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Bruyn
- Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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Zhao Y, Chen E, Li L, Gong B, Xie W, Nanji S, Dubé ID, Hough MR. Gene expression profiling in the inductive human hematopoietic microenvironment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 323:703-11. [PMID: 15369807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progenitors can be maintained in vitro in long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) in which constituent HSCs can persist within the adherent layers for up to 2 months. Media replenishment of LTBMCs has been shown to induce transition of HSCs from a quiescent state to an active cycling state. We hypothesize that the media replenishment of the LTBMCs leads to the activation of important regulatory genes uniquely involved in HSC proliferation and differentiation. To profile the gene expression changes associated with HSC activation, we performed suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) on day 14 human LTBMCs following 1-h media replenishment and on unmanipulated controls. The generated SSH library contained 191 differentially up-regulated expressed sequence tags (ESTs), the majority corresponding to known genes related to various intracellular processes, including signal transduction pathways, protein synthesis, and cell cycle regulation. Nineteen ESTs represented previously undescribed sequences encoding proteins of unknown function. Differential up-regulation of representative genes, including IL-8, IL-1, putative cytokine 21/HC21, MAD3, and a novel EST was confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Levels of fibronectin, G-CSF, and stem cell factor also increased in the conditioned media of LTBMCs as assessed by ELISA, indicating increased synthesis and secretion of these factors. Analysis of our library provides insights into some of the immediate early gene changes underlying the mechanisms by which the stromal elements within the LTBMCs contribute to the induction of HSC activation and provides the opportunity to identify as yet unrecognized factors regulating HSC activation in the LTBMC milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Science Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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De Bruyn C, Delforge A, Bernier M, Bron D. Ex vivo expansion of neutrophil precursor cells from fresh and cryopreserved cord blood cells. Cytotherapy 2003; 5:87-98. [PMID: 12745585 DOI: 10.1080/14653240310000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutropenia following cord blood (CB) transplantation may be abrogated by infusion of granulopoietic progenitor cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether myeloid progenitors can be obtained by ex vivo expansion of cryopreserved cord blood aliquots, and whether these progenitors present the morphologic, biologic and functional properties of myeloid progenitors at various stages of differentiation. METHODS The cells, plated for 7 days in serum-free medium with SCF, IL-3, G-CSF, Flt3-ligand and thrombopoietin in various combinations were assessed for the expression of CD34, CD38 and CD13. Maturation of cells into the myeloid lineage was evaluated by the expression of CD15, CD11b and CD16 and by the presence of primary (myeloperoxidase) and secondary granules (lactoferrin). The capacity of cells to phagocyte latex beads was evaluated to assess their functionality. RESULTS We have shown that a). CD34+ cells isolated from thawed samples were able to produce expansions similar to fresh samples. b). The best combination for the expansion of neutrophil precursor cells was S3FG; c). in these conditions, all stages of myeloid progenitors were represented, but few mature cells were observed. d). However, when the cells were plated on a BM stroma to try to reproduce conditions occurring during transplant, they acquired rapidly the characteristics of mature segmented cells. e). The ex vivo generated granulocytes were able to phagocyte latex beads. DISCUSSION In conclusion, it seems reasonable to systematically aliquot CB samples before cryopreservation. Some aliquots can then be thawed, enriched in CD34+ cells and ex vivo differentiated into myeloid lineage, while the other aliquots are conserved to be infused without manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Bruyn
- Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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Bertho JM, Frick J, Demarquay C, Lauby A, Mathieu E, Dudoignon N, Jacquet N, Trompier F, Chapel A, Joubert C, Lopez M, Aigueperse J, Gorin NC, Gourmelon P, Thierry D. Reinjection of ex vivo-expanded primate bone marrow mononuclear cells strongly reduces radiation-induced aplasia. JOURNAL OF HEMATOTHERAPY & STEM CELL RESEARCH 2002; 11:549-64. [PMID: 12183840 DOI: 10.1089/15258160260091013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To assess the therapeutic efficacy of ex vivo-expanded hematopoietic cells in the treatment of radiation-induced pancytopenia, we have set up a non-human primate model. Two ex vivo expansion protocols for bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) were studied. The first consisted of a 7-day culture in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF), Flt3-ligand, thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and IL-6, which induced preferentially the expansion of immature hematopoietic cells [3.1 +/- 1.4, 10.0 +/- 5.1, 2.2 +/- 1.9, and 1.0 +/- 0.3-fold expansion for mononuclear cells (MNC), colony-forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), burst-forming units erythroid (BFU-E), and long-term culture initiating cells (LTC-IC) respectively]. The second was with the same cytokine combination supplemented with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with an increased duration of culture up to 14 days and induced mainly the production of mature hematopoietic cells (17.2 +/- 11.7-fold expansion for MNC and no detectable BFU-E and LTC-IC), although expansion of CFU-GM (13.7 +/- 18.8-fold) and CD34+ cells (5.2 +/- 1.4-fold) was also observed. Results showed the presence of mesenchymal stem cells and cells from the lymphoid and the megakaryocytic lineages in 7-day expanded BMMNC. To test the ability of ex vivo-expanded cells to sustain hematopoietic recovery after radiation-induced aplasia, non-human primates were irradiated at a supralethal dose of 8 Gy and received the product of either 7-day (24 h after irradiation) or 14-day (8 days after irradiation) expanded BMMNC. Results showed that the 7-day ex vivo-expanded BMMNC shortened the period and the severity of pancytopenia and improved hematopoietic recovery, while the 14 day ex vivo-expanded BMMNC mainly produced a transfusion-like effect during 8 days, followed by hematopoietic recovery. These results suggest that ex vivo expanded BMMNC during 7 days may be highly efficient in the treatment of radiation-induced aplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Bertho
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Département de Protection de la santé de l'Homme et de Dosimétrie, Section Autonome de Radiobiologie Appliquée à la Médecine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Abegg AL, Vickery LE, Bremer ME, Donnelly AM, Doshi PD, Evans ML, Thurman TL, Braford SR, Caparon MH, Bauer SC, Giri JG, Welply JK, McKearn JP, Smith WG. The enhanced in vitro hematopoietic activity of leridistim, a chimeric dual G-CSF and IL-3 receptor agonist. Leukemia 2002; 16:316-26. [PMID: 11896534 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2001] [Accepted: 10/18/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro activity of leridistim was characterized for cell proliferation, generation of colony-forming units (CFU) and differentiation of CD34+ cells. In AML-193.1.3 cells, leridistim exhibited a significant increase in potency compared to rhG-CSF, SC-65303 (an IL-3 receptor agonist) or an equimolar combination of rhG-CSF and SC-65303. CFU-GM assays demonstrated that at 50% of the maximum response, the relative potency of leridistim was 12-fold greater than the combination of rhG-CSF and rhIL-3 and 44-fold more potent than rhG-CSF alone. In multi-lineage CFU assays, a combination of erythropoietin (rhEPO) and leridistim resulted in greater numbers of BFU-E, CFU-GEMM and CFU-Mk than rhEPO alone. Ex vivo culture of peripheral blood or bone marrow CD34+ cells with leridistim substantially increased total viable cells over cultures stimulated with rhG-CSF, SC-65303, or a combination of rhG-CSF and SC-65303. Culture with leridistim, resulted in a greater increase in myeloid (CD15+/CD11b+), monocytic (CD41-/CD14+) and megakaryocytic (CD41+/CD14-) precursor cells without depleting the progenitor pool (CD34+/CD15-/CD11b-). These results demonstrate that leridistim is a more potent stimulator of hematopoietic proliferation and differentiation than the single receptor agonists (rhG-CSF and SC-65303) either alone or combined. These unique attributes suggest that leridistim may enhance hematopoietic reconstitution following myelosuppressive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Abegg
- Pharmacia Discovery Research, 700 Chesterfield Village Parkway North, St Louis, MO 63198, USA
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Stilz R, Grünebach F, Bader P, Vogel W, Kanz L, Brugger W, Scheding S. Ex vivo expansion of normal progenitor cells from acute myeloid leukemia cell-contaminated CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells after mafosfamide purging. JOURNAL OF HEMATOTHERAPY & STEM CELL RESEARCH 2001; 10:777-85. [PMID: 11798504 DOI: 10.1089/152581601317210872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The rationale for purging of autologous acute myeloid leukemia (AML) grafts is to eradicate contaminating leukemic cells that might contribute to relapse. However, in vitro purging generally delays post-transplant hematopoietic recovery, thus increasing treatment-related complication rates. Theoretically, this prolonged aplasia might be shortened by the additional transplantation of ex vivo-generated progenitor cells. Therefore, we investigated whether nonleukemic progenitors could be expanded ex vivo from AML cell-contaminated CD34(+) peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) preparations. Nonleukemic CD34(+)-selected PBPC and AML cells (Kasumi-1, KG-1, primary AML blasts) were cultured in cytokine-supplemented liquid culture for up to 19 days. Cells were used either unmanipulated or following in vitro purging with mafosfamide (30, 50, 75 microg/ml). Ex vivo-generated cells were assessed by flow cytometry, progenitor cell assays, and polymerase chain reaction. Without prior purging, ex vivo culture markedly amplified AML cells as well as nonleukemic CD34(+) PBPC (day 12: Kasumi-1, 18.5 +/- 0.6-fold; KG-1, 52.2 +/- 2.6-fold; CD34(+), 74.1 +/- 5.6-fold). Co-culture with leukemic cells did not affect CD34(+) cell growth and vice versa. Following in vitro purging, CD34(+) PBPC were expanded even at the highest mafosfamide dose (day 19: 25 +/- 15-fold), whereas leukemic cells were markedly depleted (approx. 1.5 log). Furthermore, normal colony-forming units (CFU) could be effectively recovered (day 19: 10 +/- 3.1% of prepurging input CFU), whereas CFU-L were depleted to undetectable levels in six of seven experiments. Finally, leukemic cells were undetectable following ex vivo co-culture of purged cells (CD34(+) PBPC plus 10% Kasumi-1 cells or primary blasts), but were clearly detectable without purging. Taken together, these data demonstrated that ex vivo expansion of normal progenitors from mafosfamide-purged AML cell-contaminated grafts might be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stilz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Oncology, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Kerre TC, De Smet G, De Smedt M, Offner F, De Bosscher J, Plum J, Vandekerckhove B. Both CD34+38+ and CD34+38- cells home specifically to the bone marrow of NOD/LtSZ scid/scid mice but show different kinetics in expansion. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:3692-8. [PMID: 11564784 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.7.3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) have been shown to engraft, differentiate, and proliferate in the hemopoietic tissues of sublethally irradiated NOD/LtSZ scid/scid (NOD/SCID) mice. We used this model to study homing, survival, and expansion of human HSC populations from different sources or phenotype. We observed that CD34+ cells homed specifically to bone marrow (BM) and spleen, but by 3 days after injection, survived only in the BM. These BM-homed CD34+ cells proliferated intensively and gave rise to a 12-fold, 5.5-fold, and 4-fold expansion in 3 days for umbilical cord blood, adult mobilized peripheral blood, and adult BM-derived cells, respectively. By injection of purified subpopulations, it was demonstrated that both CD34+38+ and CD34+38- umbilical cord blood HSC homed to the BM and expanded. Importantly, kinetics of expansion were different: CD34+38+ cells started to increase in cell number from day 3 onwards, and by 4 wk after injection, virtually all CD34+ cells had disappeared. In contrast, CD34+38- cells remained quiescent during the first week and started to expand intensively from the third week on. In this paper, we have shown that homing, survival, and expansion of stem cells are three independent phenomena important in the early phase of BM engraftment and that kinetics of engraftment differ between CD34+38+ and CD34+38- cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Kerre
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Ghent University Hospital, 4BlokA, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Douay L. Experimental culture conditions are critical for ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic cells. JOURNAL OF HEMATOTHERAPY & STEM CELL RESEARCH 2001; 10:341-6. [PMID: 11454309 DOI: 10.1089/152581601750288948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for clinical use is now recognized to be a feasible and very promising approach for hematotherapy. Expansion of specific HSC subsets is required for different clinical applications, for example, to increase the number of mature cells, to produce specific cells for adoptive therapy, or to increase the number of primitive stem cells available for engraftment. Although hematopoietic growth factors can play an important role in this setting, in this review we emphasize that other variables affect the outcome of stem and progenitor cell expansion. These variables include the serum supplement, the purity of CD34(+) cells, the initial cell concentration, and the duration of culture. It is also essential to define standard culture conditions for normal stem cells and to limit or prevent expansion of residual tumor cells. In clinical applications, determination of the hematopoietic value of the expanded population is mandatory. Thus, we have to demonstrate the expansion of primitive hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells, with maintenance of their hematopoietic potential as assessed by in vitro or in vivo assays. We draw attention to the challenges in the clinical application of ex vivo expansion. These include the establishment of well-defined experimental conditions and the determination of the hematopoietic value of the expanded grafts, whatever the graft source: bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood, or cord blood. Future studies hopefully will optimize these procedures and allow not only expansion but engineering of defined cellular functions as HSCs grow under defined conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Douay
- Hôpital Armand Trousseau and Inserm U417 Hôpital St. Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.
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