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Takeda K, Ohta S, Nagao M, Kobayashi E, Tago K, Funakoshi-Tago M. FL118 Is a Potent Therapeutic Agent against Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Resistant to BCR-ABL Inhibitors through Targeting RNA Helicase DDX5. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3693. [PMID: 38612503 PMCID: PMC11011477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is induced by the expression of the fused tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL, which is caused by a chromosomal translocation. BCR-ABL inhibitors have been used to treat CML; however, the acquisition of resistance by CML cells during treatment is a serious issue. We herein demonstrated that BCR-ABL induced the expression of the RNA helicase DDX5 in K562 cells derived from CML patients in a manner that was dependent on its kinase activity, which resulted in cell proliferation and survival. The knockout of DDX5 decreased the expression of BIRC5 (survivin) and activated caspase 3, leading to apoptosis in K562 cells. Similar results were obtained in cells treated with FL118, an inhibitor of DDX5 and a derivative compound of camptothecin (CPT). Furthermore, FL118 potently induced apoptosis not only in Ba/F3 cells expressing BCR-ABL, but also in those expressing the BCR-ABL T315I mutant, which is resistant to BCR-ABL inhibitors. Collectively, these results revealed that DDX5 is a critical therapeutic target in CML and that FL118 is an effective candidate compound for the treatment of BCR-ABL inhibitor-resistant CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Takeda
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (K.T.); (M.N.); (E.K.)
| | - Satoshi Ohta
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Miu Nagao
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (K.T.); (M.N.); (E.K.)
| | - Erika Kobayashi
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (K.T.); (M.N.); (E.K.)
| | - Kenji Tago
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8514, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (K.T.); (M.N.); (E.K.)
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2
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Benegas P, Ziegler B, Dieminger V, Bengió R, Zapata P, Larripa I, Ferri C. Expression of genes potentially involved in loss of response in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Gene 2024; 896:148047. [PMID: 38042214 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the presence of the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, which leads to uncontrolled cell growth and survival. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of CML, but a significant proportion of patients develop resistance or lose response to these drugs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying treatment response and resistance is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the expression patterns of genes involved in treatment response and resistance in CML patients receiving TKI therapy. The expression levels of MET, FOXO3, p15, p16, HCK, and FYN genes were examined in CML patients and compared to healthy donors. Gene expression levels were compared between optimal responders (OR) and resistant patients (R) vs. healthy donors (HD). The MET and FOXO3 OR group showed significant differences compared with the HD, (p < 0.0001) and (p = 0.0003), respectively. p15 expression showed significant differences between OR and HD groups (p = 0.0078), while no significant differences were found in p16 expression between the HD groups. FYN showed a statistically significant difference between R vs. HD (p = 0.0157). The results of HCK expression analysis revealed significant differences between OR and HD (p = 0.0041) and between R and HD (p = 0.0026). When we analyzed OR patients with undetectable BCR::ABL1 transcripts, a greater expression of HCK was observed in the R group. These findings suggest that monitoring the expression levels of MET and FOXO3 genes could be valuable in predicting treatment response and relapse in CML patients. Our study provides important insights into the potential use of gene expression analysis as a tool for predicting treatment response and guiding treatment decisions in CML patients. This knowledge may ultimately contribute to the development of personalized treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Benegas
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular (BIOTECMOL), Misiones, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Invetigaciones Cientìficas y Tècnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Betiana Ziegler
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular (BIOTECMOL), Misiones, Argentina; Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, IMEX, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Dieminger
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular (BIOTECMOL), Misiones, Argentina
| | - Raquel Bengió
- Departamento de Hemato-oncología, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Zapata
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular (BIOTECMOL), Misiones, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Invetigaciones Cientìficas y Tècnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Larripa
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, IMEX, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Ferri
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular (BIOTECMOL), Misiones, Argentina.
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3
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Mechanisms of Disease Progression and Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246141. [PMID: 31817512 PMCID: PMC6940932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the presence of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, which encodes a constitutive active tyrosine kinase considered to be the pathogenic driver capable of initiating and maintaining the disease. Despite the remarkable efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting BCR-ABL1, some patients may not respond (primary resistance) or may relapse after an initial response (secondary resistance). In a small proportion of cases, development of resistance is accompanied or shortly followed by progression from chronic to blastic phase (BP), characterized by a dismal prognosis. Evolution from CP into BP is a multifactorial and probably multistep phenomenon. Increase in BCR-ABL1 transcript levels is thought to promote the onset of secondary chromosomal or genetic defects, induce differentiation arrest, perturb RNA transcription, editing and translation that together with epigenetic and metabolic changes may ultimately lead to the expansion of highly proliferating, differentiation-arrested malignant cells. A multitude of studies over the past two decades have investigated the mechanisms underlying the closely intertwined phenomena of drug resistance and disease progression. Here, we provide an update on what is currently known on the mechanisms underlying progression and present the latest acquisitions on BCR-ABL1-independent resistance and leukemia stem cell persistence.
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Nemoto A, Saida S, Kato I, Kikuchi J, Furukawa Y, Maeda Y, Akahane K, Honna-Oshiro H, Goi K, Kagami K, Kimura S, Sato Y, Okabe S, Niwa A, Watanabe K, Nakahata T, Heike T, Sugita K, Inukai T. Specific Antileukemic Activity of PD0332991, a CDK4/6 Inhibitor, against Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Lymphoid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 15:94-105. [PMID: 26637365 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
S-phase progression of the cell cycle is accelerated in tumors through various genetic abnormalities, and, thus, pharmacologic inhibition of altered cell-cycle progression would be an effective strategy to control tumors. In the current study, we analyzed the antileukemic activity of three available small molecules targeting CDK4/CDK6 against lymphoid crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-LC) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+) ALL), and found that all three molecules showed specific activities against leukemic cell lines derived from CML-LC and Ph(+) ALL. In particular, PD0332991 exhibited extremely high antileukemic activity against CML-LC and Ph(+) ALL cell lines in the nanomolar range by the induction of G0-G1 arrest and partially cell death through dephosphorylation of pRb and downregulation of the genes that are involved in S-phase transition. As an underlying mechanism for favorable sensitivity to the small molecules targeting CDK4/CDK6, cell-cycle progression of Ph(+) lymphoid leukemia cells was regulated by transcriptional and posttranscriptional modulation of CDK4 as well as Cyclin D2 gene expression under the control of BCR-ABL probably through the PI3K pathway. Consistently, the gene expression level of Cyclin D2 in Ph(+) lymphoid leukemia cells was significantly higher than that in Ph(-) lymphoid leukemia cells. Of note, three Ph(+) ALL cell lines having the T315I mutation also showed sensitivity to PD0332991. In a xenograft model, PD0332991, but not imatinib, suppressed dissemination of Ph(+) ALL having the T315I mutation and prolonged survival, demonstrating that this reagent would be a new therapeutic modality for relapsed CML-LC and Ph(+) ALL patients after treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nemoto
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jiro Kikuchi
- Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maeda
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Honna-Oshiro
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kumiko Goi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keiko Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Adult Nursing, The Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Okabe
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Niwa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanji Sugita
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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5
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Bai Y, Lu Z, Lin Y, Sun B, Wang S, Wang G. Restoration of INK4a/ARF gene inhibits cell growth and cooperates with imatinib mesylate in Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemias. Oncol Res 2014; 21:23-31. [PMID: 24330849 DOI: 10.3727/096504013x13786659070271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors expressing p16(INK4a) or p14(ARF) were used to infect at high-efficiency Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive leukemia cell lines lacking endogenous transcripts. Restoration of p16(INK4a) accumulated cells in the G0/G1 phase of cell cycle and restoration of p14(ARF) induced their apoptosis, followed by significant growth inhibition. Transduction of primary blast cells from chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis (CML-BC) and Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with p16(INK4a) or p14(ARF) virus also resulted in cell growth inhibition and/or apoptosis with a patient-to-patient variation, whereas clonal growth and differentiation of cord blood progenitor cells were not affected by enforced expression of INK4a/ARF. Furthermore, upon viral transduction at low multiplicity of infection, INK4a/ARF potentiated the effect of imatinib mesylate on Ph-positive leukemia cell lines in an additive but not synergistic manner. These results suggest that INK4a/ARF protein-mimetic agents may be promising options for Ph-positive leukemias in combination with imatinib mesylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansong Bai
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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6
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Malcikova J, Razga F, Jurcek T, Dvorakova D, Zackova D, Toskova M, Sebejova L, Smardova J, Oltova A, Vankova G, Jurackova L, Trbusek M, Pospisilova S, Mayer J, Racil Z. TheBCR–ABL1T315I mutation and additional genomic aberrations are dominant genetic lesions associated with disease progression in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:2083-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.762649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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Selecting optimal second-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia patients after imatinib failure: does the BCR-ABL mutation status really matter? Blood 2009; 114:5426-35. [PMID: 19880502 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-08-215939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Preclinical studies of BCR-ABL mutation sensitivity to nilotinib or dasatinib suggested that the majority would be sensitive. Correspondingly, the initial clinical trials demonstrated similar response rates for CML patients after imatinib failure, irrespective of the mutation status. However, on closer examination, clinical evidence now indicates that some mutations are less sensitive to nilotinib (Y253H, E255K/V, and F359V/C) or dasatinib (F317L and V299L). T315I is insensitive to both. Novel mutations (F317I/V/C and T315A) are less sensitive/insensitive to dasatinib. We refer to these collectively as second-generation inhibitor (SGI) clinically relevant mutations. By in vitro analysis, other mutations confer a degree of insensitivity; however, clinical evidence is currently insufficient to define them as SGI clinically relevant. Here we examine the mutations that are clearly SGI clinically relevant, those with minimal impact on response, and those for which more data are needed. In our series of patients with mutations at imatinib cessation and/or at nilotinib or dasatinib commencement, 43% had SGI clinically relevant mutations, including 14% with T315I. The frequency of SGI clinically relevant mutations was dependent on the disease phase at imatinib failure. The clinical data suggest that a mutation will often be detectable after imatinib failure for which there is compelling clinical evidence that one SGI should be preferred.
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8
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Hernández-Boluda JC, Bellosillo B, Vela MC, Colomer D, Alvarez-Larrán A, Cervantes F. Survivin expression in the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia: A sequential study in 16 patients. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 46:717-22. [PMID: 16019509 DOI: 10.1080/10428190500052131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the proliferation and resistance to apoptosis of leukemic cells has been found in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as the disease evolves from the chronic phase to blast crisis (BC). To contribute to a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in such biological abnormality, the expression of the survivin gene was studied by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the chronic phase of CML and at BC in 16 patients in whom sequential RNA samples from the 2 phases of the disease were available. Survivin was significantly overexpressed in both the chronic phase and BC as compared with granulocytes from controls. In BC, survivin expression was 7-fold higher than in the chronic phase, with such an increase being more pronounced in the myeloid (17-fold) than in the lymphoid cases (3-fold) (P = 0.03). Cell proliferation was significantly increased at BC, with Ki-67 expression being 2.8-fold higher than in the chronic phase. Despite the overexpression of both survivin and Ki-67 at BC, no significant correlation between their expression levels was observed. These data support a possible role for survivin overexpression in the pathogenesis of the progression of CML. However, further studies are required to elucidate the possible prognostic importance of such biological findings in this disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Growth Processes/physiology
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/biosynthesis
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survivin
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Hernández-Boluda
- Hematology Department, Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Britschgi C, Fey MF. Tumor suppressor genes in myeloid differentiation and leukemogenesis. Future Oncol 2009; 5:245-57. [PMID: 19284382 DOI: 10.2217/14796694.5.2.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes, such as p53, RB, the INK4-ARF family and PML, suppress malignant transformation by regulating cell cycle progression, ensuring the fidelity of DNA replication and chromosomal segregation, or by inducing apoptosis in response to potentially deleterious events. In myeloid leukemia, hematopoietic differentiation resulting from highly coordinated, stage-wise expression of myeloid transcription and soluble signaling factors is disrupted leading to a block in terminal differentiation and uncontrolled proliferation. This virtually always involves functional inactivation or genetic disruption of one or several tumor suppressor genes in order to circumvent their checkpoint control and apoptosis-inducing functions. Hence, reactivation of tumor suppressor gene function has therapeutic potential and can possibly enhance conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. In this review, we focus on the role of different tumor suppressor genes in myeloid differentiation and leukemogenesis, and discuss implications for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Britschgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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10
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The biologic properties of leukemias arising from BCR/ABL-mediated transformation vary as a function of developmental origin and activity of the p19ARF gene. Blood 2008; 112:4184-92. [PMID: 18755985 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-02-142190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that upon expression of appropriate oncogenes, both stem cells and more differentiated progenitor populations can serve as leukemia-initiating cells. These studies suggest that oncogenic mutations subvert normal development and induce reacquisition of stem-like features. However, no study has described how specific mutations influence the ability of differentiating cell subsets to serve as leukemia-initiating cells and if varying such cellular origins confers a functional difference. We have examined the role of the tumor suppressor gene p19(ARF) in a murine model of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and found that loss of p19(ARF) changes the spectrum of cells capable of tumor initiation. With intact p19(ARF), only hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can be directly transformed by BCR/ABL expression. In a p19(ARF)-null genetic background expression of the BCR/ABL fusion protein renders functionally defined HSCs, common lymphoid progenitors (CLP), and precursor B-lymphocytes competent to generate leukemia stem cells. Furthermore, we show that leukemias arising from p19(ARF)-null HSC versus pro-B cells differ biologically, including relative response to drug insult. Our observations elucidate a unique mechanism by which heterogeneity arises in tumor populations harboring identical genetic lesions and show that activity of p19(ARF) profoundly influences the nature of tumor-initiating cells during BCR/ABL-mediated leukemogenesis.
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11
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Jabbour E, El Ahdab S, Cortes J, Kantarjian H. Nilotinib: a novel Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of leukemias. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 17:1127-36. [PMID: 18549348 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.17.7.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The successful introduction of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors has initiated a new era in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Imatinib mesilate therapy has significantly improved the prognosis of CML. A minority of patients in chronic-phase CML--and more patients in advanced phases--are resistant to imatinib, or develop resistance during treatment. This is attributed, in 40-50% of cases, to the development of mutations in the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase domain that impair imatinib binding. Nilotinib (Tasigna) is a novel potent selective oral kinase inhibitor. Preclinical and clinical investigations demonstrate that nilotinib effectively overcomes imatinib resistance, and has induced high rates of hematologic and cytogenetic responses in CML post imatinib failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Jabbour
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Leukemia, Unit 428, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) can be considered as a paradigm for neoplasias that evolve through a multi-step process. CML is also one of the best examples of a disease that can be targeted by molecular therapy; however, the success of new 'designer drugs' is largely restricted to the chronic phase of the disease. If not cured at this stage, CML invariably progresses and transforms into an acute-type leukaemia undergoing a 'blast crisis'. The causes of this transformation are still poorly understood. What mechanisms underlie this progression, and are they shared by other common cancers?
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Affiliation(s)
- Junia V Melo
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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13
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The clinical challenge of imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia: emerging strategies with new targeted agents. Target Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-006-0032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Marcé S, Balagué O, Colomo L, Martinez A, Höller S, Villamor N, Bosch F, Ott G, Rosenwald A, Leoni L, Esteller M, Fraga MF, Montserrat E, Colomer D, Campo E. Lack of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase expression in mantle cell lymphoma is associated with shorter survival: implications for a potential targeted therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:3754-61. [PMID: 16778103 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) gene alterations in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and to investigate whether the targeted inactivation of the alternative de novo AMP synthesis pathway may be a useful therapeutic strategy in tumors with inactivation of this enzyme. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN MTAP gene deletion and protein expression were studied in 64 and 52 primary MCL, respectively, and the results were correlated with clinical behavior. Five MCL cell lines were analyzed for MTAP expression and for the in vitro sensitivity to L-alanosine, an inhibitor of adenylosuccinate synthetase, and hence de novo AMP synthesis. RESULTS No protein expression was detected in 8 of 52 (15%) tumors and one cell line (Granta 519). Six of these MTAP negative tumors and Granta 519 cell line had a codeletion of MTAP and p16 genes; one case showed a deletion of MTAP, but not p16, and one tumor had no deletions in neither of these genes. Patients with MTAP deletions had a significant shorter overall survival (mean, 16.1 months) than patients with wild-type MTAP (mean, 63.6 months; P < 0.0001). L-Alanosine induced cytotoxicity and activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway in MCL cells. 9-beta-D-Erythrofuranosyladenine, an analogue of 5'-methylthioadenosine, selectively rescued MTAP-positive cells from L-alanosine toxicity. CONCLUSIONS MTAP gene deletion and lack of protein expression are associated with poor prognosis in MCL and might identify patients who might benefit from treatment with de novo AMP synthesis pathway-targeted therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- DNA Primers
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/enzymology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase/deficiency
- Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Analysis
- Time Factors
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marcé
- Pathology Department, Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Camps J, Salaverria I, Garcia MJ, Prat E, Beà S, Pole JC, Hernández L, Del Rey J, Cigudosa JC, Bernués M, Caldas C, Colomer D, Miró R, Campo E. Genomic imbalances and patterns of karyotypic variability in mantle-cell lymphoma cell lines. Leuk Res 2006; 30:923-34. [PMID: 16448697 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is genetically characterized by 11q13 chromosomal translocations involving the CCND1 gene. We have characterized five MCL cell lines, JVM-2, GRANTA-519, REC-1, JEKO-1, and NCEB-1, combining metaphase and array comparative genomic hybridization, multicolor-FISH, and molecular analysis. Our results revealed common gained regions at 2p14, 9q31.2-qter, 11q13.1-q21, 13q14-q21.2, 13q34-qter and 18q21.1-q22.1, and losses at 1p21.2-p31.1, 2p11.2, 8p21.2-pter, 9p21.3-pter, 11q23.3-qter, 17p11.2-pter, and 17q21.2-q22.2. All cell lines except JVM-2, displayed moderate or high numerical chromosome instability. In addition, an ongoing level of chromosome rearrangements was observed in REC-1. Surprisingly, NCEB-1 carried several stable mouse chromosomes and showed expression of both human and murine bcl-2 protein. Our findings indicate that these cell lines represent three patterns of chromosome evolution in MCL and may be useful to understand the pathogenesis of this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Camps
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Zhang GS, Liu DS, Dai CW, Li RJ. Antitumor effects of celecoxib on K562 leukemia cells are mediated by cell-cycle arrest, caspase-3 activation, and downregulation of Cox-2 expression and are synergistic with hydroxyurea or imatinib. Am J Hematol 2006; 81:242-55. [PMID: 16550520 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.20542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Celecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitor, has been shown to possess antitumor activity in a variety of cancer cells. However, the antitumor activity of celecoxib in hematopoietic tumors, especially in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), has not been well established. This study was designed to investigate the effect of celecoxib on growth and apoptosis in a human CML cell line (K562 cells) or in primary CML cells, and to examine the synergistic actions of celecoxib and hydroxyurea or imatinib on K562 cell proliferation and apoptosis. Celecoxib significantly inhibited the growth of both K562 and primary CML cells and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion. The IC50 of celecoxib was 46 microM for inhibition of K562 cell proliferation. The effect of celecoxib on growth inhibition was accompanied by the downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E and p-Rb expression, the upregulation of P16(INK4a) and P27KIP expression, and a G1-S phase arrest of the cell cycle. The pro-apoptotic effect of celecoxib was determined to be mediated by caspase-3 activation. When K562 cells were pretreated with DEVD-fmk, a specific inhibitor of caspases, the apoptotic activity of celecoxib was, in part, abrogated. Importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that K562 cells were Cox-2-positive both at the mRNA and protein levels. We noted the following observations: (i) we detected Cox-2 mRNA in K562 cells by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and protein expression by western blot analysis; (ii) Cox-2 expression in K562 cells was stimulated by IL-1beta, a specific inducing agent of Cox-2 expression; (iii) primary CML cells from CML patient bone marrow also exhibited Cox-2 protein expression. Furthermore, Cox-2 expression was downregulated at higher doses of celecoxib (80-160 microM), suggesting a Cox-2-dependent mechanism was involved in the drug's effects of growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. In addition, a synergistic effect was observed when cells were exposed to low-dose celecoxib (40 microM) and hydroxyurea (10 mM) or a combination of celecoxib (40 microM) and imatinib (0.2 microM). These findings provide the basis for uncovering the mechanism of celecoxib's antitumor effects and developing a new therapeutic strategy for treating CML.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides
- Bone Marrow Cells/enzymology
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Caspase 3
- Caspase Inhibitors
- Caspases/metabolism
- Celecoxib
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- Cyclin E/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27
- Cyclooxygenase 2/biosynthesis
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- G1 Phase/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Hydroxyurea/pharmacology
- Hydroxyurea/therapeutic use
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Interleukin-1/pharmacology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- S Phase/drug effects
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Sen Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Institute of Molecular Hematology, The Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan, PR China.
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Hernández L, Beà S, Pinyol M, Ott G, Katzenberger T, Rosenwald A, Bosch F, López-Guillermo A, Delabie J, Colomer D, Montserrat E, Campo E. CDK4 and MDM2 gene alterations mainly occur in highly proliferative and aggressive mantle cell lymphomas with wild-type INK4a/ARF locus. Cancer Res 2005; 65:2199-206. [PMID: 15781632 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of 12q13 locus occurs in some mantle cell lymphomas (MCL), potentially involving CDK4 and MDM2 genes. To determine the role of these genes in MCL, we have examined their gene status and expression and their relationship to INK4a/ARF and p53 gene aberrations in 69 tumors. Increased CDK4 gene copy number was detected in 4 of 19 (21%) highly proliferative blastoid variants and was associated with mRNA and protein overexpression. Three additional cases showed mRNA overexpression with no structural alterations of the gene. MDM2 gene overexpression was detected in three blastoid tumors (16%) with no relationship to gene copy gains. INK4a/ARF and p53 aberrations were observed in 13 and 12 tumors, respectively. Four of the seven lymphomas with CDK4 aberrations had concurrent inactivation of p53 gene, whereas only one case had a concomitant homozygous deletion of INK4a/ARF. No other gene alterations were found in the three cases with MDM2 overexpression. Patients with INK4a/ARF deletions or simultaneous aberrations of p53 and CDK4 had a significantly shorter median survival (17 months) than patients with isolated alterations of p53, MDM2, or CDK4 (32 months) and patients with no alterations in any of these genes (77 months). The prognostic impact of the concomitant oncogenic alterations of the p14ARF/p53 and p16INK4a/CDK4 pathways was independent of the proliferation of the tumors. These findings indicate that CDK4 and MDM2 gene alterations mainly occur in MCL with a wild-type INK4a/ARF locus and may contribute to the higher proliferation and more aggressive behavior of the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Hernández
- Department of Pathology and Hematology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Kinoshita T. Epigenetic Inactivation of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Hematologic Malignancies. Int J Hematol 2004; 80:108-19. [PMID: 15481438 DOI: 10.1532/ijh97.04056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of genetic alterations are involved in the development of hematologic malignancies. These alterations include the activation of oncogenes by chromosomal translocation or gene amplification and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes by gene deletion or mutations. Recently, epigenetic change has been proven to be another important means of inactivating tumor suppressor genes in tumor cells, and hypermethylation of promoter DNA is one of the most important mechanisms. In hematologic malignancies, many kinds of tumor suppressor genes and candidate suppressor genes are epigenetically inactivated. Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes usually occurs in a disease-specific manner and plays important roles in the development and progression of the disease. Some of these alterations have clinical effects on treatment results or the prognoses of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kinoshita
- Department of Hematology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) evolves from a chronic phase characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome as the sole genetic abnormality into blast crisis, which is often associated with additional chromosomal and molecular secondary changes. Although the pathogenic effects of most CML blast crisis secondary changes are still poorly understood, ample evidence suggests that the phenotype of CML blast crisis cells (enhanced proliferation and survival, differentiation arrest) depends on cooperation of BCR/ABL with genes dysregulated during disease progression. Most genetic abnormalities of CML blast crisis have a direct or indirect effect on p53 or Rb (or both) gene activity, which are primarily required for cell proliferation and survival, but not differentiation. Thus, the differentiation arrest of CML blast crisis cells is a secondary consequence of these abnormalities or is caused by dysregulation of differentiation-regulatory genes (ie, C/EBPalpha). Validation of the critical role of certain secondary changes (ie, loss of p53 or C/EBPalpha function) in murine models of CML blast crisis and in in vitro assays of BCR/ABL transformation of human hematopoietic progenitors might lead to the development of novel therapies based on targeting BCR/ABL and inhibiting or restoring the gene activity gained or lost during disease progression (ie, p53 or C/EBPalpha).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Calabretta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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20
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Esteller M. Profiling aberrant DNA methylation in hematologic neoplasms: a view from the tip of the iceberg. Clin Immunol 2003; 109:80-8. [PMID: 14585279 DOI: 10.1016/s1521-6616(03)00208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is also an epigenetic disease. The main epigenetic modification in humans is DNA methylation. Transformed cells undergo a dramatic change in their DNA methylation patterns: certain CpG islands located in the promoter regions of tumor-suppressor genes become hypermethylated and the contiguous gene rests silenced and this phenomenon occurs in an overall genomic environment of DNA hypomethylation. The profile of CpG island hypermethylation in hematologic malignancies is an epigenetic signature unique for each subtype of leukemia or lymphoma. Although the most widely studied genes are the cell-cycle inhibitors p15INK4b and p16INK4a (specially in AML and ALL), the list of methylation-repressed genes in these neoplasms is expanding very rapidly, including MGMT, RARB2, CRBP1, SOCS-1, CDH1, DAPK1, and others. A necessary cross-talk between genetic alterations and DNA methylation exists: certain chromosomal translocations may induce hypermethylation, such as the PML-RARa, or attract methylation, such as BCR-ABL, but DNA hypomethylation can be the culprit behind the genesis of certain abnormal recombination events. From a translational standpoint, hypermethylation can be used as a marker of recurrent disease or progression, for example, in MDS, or response to chemotherapy, such as MGMT methylation in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Furthermore, promising studies using DNA demethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors are underway to awake these dormant tumor-suppressor genes for a better treatment of the patient with a hematologic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3,28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Leone G, Voso MT, Teofili L, Lübbert M. Inhibitors of DNA methylation in the treatment of hematological malignancies and MDS. Clin Immunol 2003; 109:89-102. [PMID: 14585280 DOI: 10.1016/s1521-6616(03)00207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation abnormalities have recently emerged as one of the most frequent molecular changes in hematopoietic neoplasms. Since methylation and transcriptional status are inversely correlated, the hypermethylation of genes involved in cell-cycle control and apoptosis could have a pathogenetic role in the development of cancer. In particular, high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and secondary leukemias show a high prevalence of tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation. The progression of chronic myeloproliferative diseases and of myelodysplastic syndromes, as well as that of lymphoproliferative diseases, is associated with an increased methylation rate, pointing to a role for hypermethylation of critical promoter regions in the transformation to more aggressive phenotypes. In the same line, a significantly worse prognosis has been shown for patients with hypermethylation of several genes compared to that of patients with unmethylated genes. For these reasons, the use of irreversible DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, such as 5-azacytidine and Decitabine, appears to be a promising option for the treatment of MDS and acute myeloid leukemia. In clinical trials, Azacytidine results in a significantly higher response rate, improved quality of life, reduced risk of leukemic transformation, and improved survival compared to supportive care. Similarly, Decitabine showed favorable results, promising response rates, a good nonhematologic toxicity profile, and a trend for better survival compared to intensive chemotherapy, particularly in older patients. The synergistic effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors, including phenylbutyrate (PB), in reactivating silenced genes encouraged clinical studies on the combination of PB and demethylating agents in hematological diseases, characterized by p15 silencing. The sequential administration of a "first generation" demethylating agent and HDAC inhibitors gave preliminary evidence of a reduced methylation of target genes, as also described with Decitabine. Clinical trials are still ongoing, and preliminary data indicate for the first time that the natural history of MDS may be changed by a non-intensive treatment, characterized by an outstanding toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Leone
- Institute of Hematology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
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