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Membrane Repairing Capability of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Is Regulated by Drug Resistance and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040428. [PMID: 35448398 PMCID: PMC9029135 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane separates the interior of the cells from the extracellular fluid and protects the cell from disruptive external factors. Therefore, the self-repairing capability of the membrane is crucial for cells to maintain homeostasis and survive in a hostile environment. Here, we found that micron-sized membrane pores induced by cylindrical atomic force microscope probe puncture resealed significantly (~1.3-1.5 times) faster in drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines than in their drug-sensitive counterparts. Interestingly, we found that such enhanced membrane repairing ability was due to the overexpression of annexin in drug-resistant NSCLC cells. In addition, a further ~50% reduction in membrane resealing time (i.e., from ~23 s to ~13 s) was observed through the epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, highlighting the superior viability and potential of highly aggressive tumor cells using membrane resealing as an indicator for assessing the drug-resistivity and pathological state of cancer.
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Semitela Â, Ramalho G, Capitão A, Sousa C, Mendes AF, Aap Marques P, Completo A. Bio-electrospraying assessment toward in situ chondrocyte-laden electrospun scaffold fabrication. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314211069342. [PMID: 35024136 PMCID: PMC8743920 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211069342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning has been widely used to fabricate fibrous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering, but their small pores severely restrict cell infiltration, resulting in an uneven distribution of cells across the scaffold, particularly in three-dimensional designs. If bio-electrospraying is applied, direct chondrocyte incorporation into the fibers during electrospinning may be a solution. However, before this approach can be effectively employed, it is critical to identify whether chondrocytes are adversely affected. Several electrospraying operating settings were tested to determine their effect on the survival and function of an immortalized human chondrocyte cell line. These chondrocytes survived through an electric field formed by low needle-to-collector distances and low voltage. No differences in chondrocyte viability, morphology, gene expression, or proliferation were found. Preliminary data of the combination of electrospraying and polymer electrospinning disclosed that chondrocyte integration was feasible using an alternated approach. The overall increase in chondrocyte viability over time indicated that the embedded cells retained their proliferative capacity. Besides the cell line, primary chondrocytes were also electrosprayed under the previously optimized operational conditions, revealing the higher sensitivity degree of these cells. Still, their post-electrosprayed viability remained considerably high. The data reported here further suggest that bio-electrospraying under the optimal operational conditions might be a promising alternative to the existent cell seeding techniques, promoting not only cells safe delivery to the scaffold, but also the development of cellularized cartilage tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Semitela
- Centre of Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Ramalho
- Centre of Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Capitão
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia Sousa
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandrina F Mendes
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Aap Marques
- Centre of Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Completo
- Centre of Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Vossoughi A, Matthew HWT. Encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells in glycosaminoglycans-chitosan polyelectrolyte microcapsules using electrospraying technique: Investigating capsule morphology and cell viability. Bioeng Transl Med 2018; 3:265-274. [PMID: 30377665 PMCID: PMC6195902 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte microcapsules are modular constructs which facilitate cell handling and assembly of cell‐based tissue constructs. In this study, an electrospray (ES) encapsulation apparatus was developed for the encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Ionic complexation between glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and chitosan formed a polyelectrolyte complex membrane at the interface. To optimize the capsules, the effect of voltage, needle size and GAG formulation on capsule size were investigated. It was observed that by increasing the voltage and decreasing the needle size, the capsule size would decrease but at voltages above 12 kV, capsule size distribution broadened significantly which yields lower circularity. Increase in GAG viscosity resulted in larger microcapsules and cell viability exhibited no significant changes during the encapsulation procedure. These results suggest that ES is a highly efficient, and scalable approach to the encapsulation of MSCs for subsequent use in bioprinting and other modular tissue engineering or regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Vossoughi
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Material Science Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202
| | - Howard W T Matthew
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Material Science Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202
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McCrea Z, Arnanthigo Y, Cryan SA, O’Dea S. A Novel Methodology for Bio-electrospraying Mesenchymal Stem Cells that Maintains Differentiation, Immunomodulatory and Pro-reparative Functions. J Med Biol Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-017-0331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kandeel S, Elhosary NM, El-Noor MMA, Balaha M. Electric injury-induced Purkinje cell apoptosis in rat cerebellum: Histological and immunohistochemical study. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 81:87-96. [PMID: 28254550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electrical injury is a prominent problem in low income countries with increased morbidity and mortality rate. Nervous system is one of the most susceptible systems to electrical current because of its low resistance. There were different studies demonstrated electrocution effect on the nervous system, however little was made on the cerebellum. AIM This study was conducted to produce an experimental suggestion concerning injury of the nervous system through evaluating Purkinje cell apoptosis and number in rat cerebellum by fatal and non-fatal electric current using histological and immunohistochemical study. Also to support the diagnosis of electrocution as a probable cause of death and delayed neurological damage as well as disability. MATERIALS & METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (10 rats each); control group: normal rats that were sacrificed without exposure to electric current, groups 1-3 (non-fatal electrocution groups): rats were exposed to alternating electric current (220v, 50Hz) for one minute then were sacrificed immediately, after 2h, and after 4h respectively, and group 4 (fatal electrocution group): rats were sacrificed after being electrified up to death (153±27s). Sections from cerebellum were processed for histological and caspase-3 immunohistochemical study. RESULTS Purkinje cells showed marked histopathological changes in the form of shrunken dark stained cells with significant reduction of their number in H &E stained sections when compared to control, widespread argyrophilia, and degenerated organelles along with shrunken irregular nuclei. For caspase-3 staining, there was significantly increased number of caspase-3 positive cells in groups 1-3 (non-fatal electrocution groups) and markedly increased in group 4 (fatal electrocution group) in comparison to control group. These changes were gradually increased with the increased duration after exposure to the electric current. CONCLUSION Apoptosis and loss of Purkinje cells were involved in the pathogenesis of immediate and long term effect of electrical injury on Purkinje cells, which will be an aid to the forensic pathologist to determine the cause of death and residual damage as well as disability after electric shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Kandeel
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - Naema Mahmoud Elhosary
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Mona Mohamed Abo El-Noor
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Balaha
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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Ye C, He Z, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Tang J, Sun B, Ma M, Liu J, Yang L, Ren H, Zhao B. Bio-electrospraying is a safe technology for delivering human adipose-derived stem cells. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:449-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Braghirolli DI, Zamboni F, Chagastelles PC, Moura DJ, Saffi J, Henriques JAP, Pilger DA, Pranke P. Bio-electrospraying of human mesenchymal stem cells: An alternative for tissue engineering. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:44130. [PMID: 24404063 PMCID: PMC3772937 DOI: 10.1063/1.4819747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bio-electrospraying (BES) is a technique used for the processing of cells and can be applied to tissue engineering. The association of BES with scaffold production techniques has been shown to be an interesting strategy for the production of biomaterials with cells homogeneously distributed in the entire structure. Various studies have evaluated the effects of BES on different cell types. However, until the present moment, no studies have evaluated the impact of BES time on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Therefore, the aim of this work was to standardise the different parameters of BES (voltage, flow rate, and distance of the needle from the collecting plate) in relation to cell viability and then to evaluate the impact of BES time in relation to viability, proliferation, DNA damage, maintenance of plasticity and the immunophenotypic profile of MSC. Using 15 kV voltage, 0.46 ml/h flow rate and 4 cm distance, it was possible to form a stable and continuous jet of BES without causing a significant reduction in cell viability. Time periods between 15 and 60 min of BES did not cause alterations of viability, proliferation, plasticity, and immunophenotypic profile of the MSC. Time periods above 30 min of BES resulted in DNA damage; however, the DNA was able to repair itself within five hours. These results indicate that bio-electrospraying is an adequate technique for processing MSC which can be safely applied to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Braghirolli
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory-Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil ; Material Science Post-graduate Programme, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil
| | - F Zamboni
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory-Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - P C Chagastelles
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory-Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - D J Moura
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90050-170, Brazil
| | - J Saffi
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90050-170, Brazil ; Department of Biophysics/Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil
| | - J A P Henriques
- Department of Biophysics/Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil ; Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - D A Pilger
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory-Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - P Pranke
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory-Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil ; Material Science Post-graduate Programme, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil ; Stem Cell Research Institute (SCRI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90020-010, Brazil
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Sahoo S, Lee WC, Goh JCH, Toh SL. Bio-electrospraying: A potentially safe technique for delivering progenitor cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 106:690-8. [PMID: 20229515 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bio-electrospraying is fast becoming an attractive tool for in situ cell delivery into scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, with several cell types been successfully electrosprayed. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal progenitor/stem cells (BMSC), which are an important cell source for tissue engineering, have not been explored in detail and the effect of electrospraying on their "stemness" is not known. This study therefore investigates the effects of electrospraying on BMSC viability, proliferation, and multilineage differentiation potential. Electrospraying a BMSC suspension at flow rate of 6 mL/h and voltages of 7.5-15 kV could successfully generate a continuous, stable and linearly directed electrospray of cells. Morphological observation, trypan blue tests and alamar blue based metabolic assays revealed about 88% of these electrosprayed cells were viable, and proliferated at rates similar to native BMSCs. However, at higher voltages, electrospraying became unstable and reduced cell viability, possibly due to electrical or thermal damage to the cells. BMSCs electrosprayed at 7.5 kV also retained their multipotency and could be successfully differentiated into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages, demonstrating similar morphology and gene expression levels as induced native BMSCs. These results indicate that bio-electrospraying could be safely used as a progenitor/stem cell delivery technique for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit Sahoo
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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