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Chen X, Li X, Chen D, Zhao W, Zhang X, Yuan W, Si H, Deng X, Du R, Xu C. Effects of Dietary Alfalfa Meal Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, Serum Parameters, and Intestinal Microbiota of Raccoon Dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:623. [PMID: 38396591 PMCID: PMC10886288 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is a typical omnivore possessing wide dietary adaptability and tolerance to rough feeding, which may be attributed to its intestinal microbiota. The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary alfalfa meal levels on the growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum parameters, and intestinal microbiota of raccoon dogs. Sixty raccoon dogs were randomly divided into four dietary treatments containing 0% (AM0), 5% (AM5), 10% (AM10), and 15% (AM15) alfalfa meal for a 60-day experiment. The results showed that compared to raccoon dogs fed the AM0 diet, those fed the AM5 and AM10 diets had no significant difference in growth performance, while those fed the AM15 diet experienced a significant decrease. Raccoon dogs fed the AM5 diet had no significant effect on the nutrient apparent digestibility. Dietary supplementation with alfalfa meal significantly decreased serum urea levels and increased the antioxidant capacity of raccoon dogs. The intestinal microbiome analysis showed that the richness and diversity of colonic microbiota significantly increased in the AM15 group. With the increase in dietary alfalfa meal levels, the relative abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria in the colon of raccoon dogs, such as Treponema, Phascolarctobacterium, and Christensenellaceae R-7 group, increased. However, the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria, including Anaerobiospirillum, decreased. In conclusion, the inclusion of 5% alfalfa meal in the raccoon dogs' diet had no effect on growth performance, but it exhibited the potential to improve serum antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota. This indicates that raccoon dogs have a certain tolerance to the addition of alfalfa meal in their diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chen
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (X.C.); (X.L.); (D.C.); (W.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (X.C.); (X.L.); (D.C.); (W.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Danyang Chen
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (X.C.); (X.L.); (D.C.); (W.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Weigang Zhao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (X.C.); (X.L.); (D.C.); (W.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Weitao Yuan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (X.C.); (X.L.); (D.C.); (W.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Huazhe Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (H.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Xuming Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Rui Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (H.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Chao Xu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (X.C.); (X.L.); (D.C.); (W.Z.); (W.Y.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (H.S.); (R.D.)
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Expression of a recombinant Lentinula edodes cellobiohydrolase by Pichia pastoris and its effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation of agricultural straws. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:146-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Li L, Qu M, Liu C, Xu L, Pan K, OuYang K, Song X, Li Y, Liang H, Chen Z, Zhao X. Effects of recombinant swollenin on the enzymatic hydrolysis, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbiota during in vitro incubation of agricultural straws. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:348-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Li L, Qu M, Liu C, Xu L, Pan K, Song X, OuYang K, Li Y, Zhao X. Expression of a Recombinant Lentinula edodes Xylanase by Pichia pastoris and Its Effects on Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Community in in vitro Incubation of Agricultural Straws. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2944. [PMID: 30555451 PMCID: PMC6283887 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural straws, such as rice straw, wheat straw, and corn straw, are produced abundantly every year but not utilized efficiently in China. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of recombinant xylanase on ruminal fermentation and microbial community structure in in vitro incubation of these straws. The recombinant xylanase from Lentinula edodes (rLeXyn11A) was produced in Pichia pastoris. The optimal temperature and pH for rLeXyn11A were 40°C and 4.0, respectively. The rLeXyn11A featured resistance to high temperature and showed broad temperature adaptability (>50% of the maximum activity at 20-80°C). Supplemental rLeXyn11A enhanced the hydrolysis of three agricultural straws. After in vitro ruminal incubation, regardless of agricultural straws, the fiber digestibility, acetate concentration, total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production, and fermentation liquid microbial protein were increased by rLeXyn11A. Supplemental rLeXyn11A increased the ammonia-N concentration for corn straw and rice straw. High throughput sequencing and real-time PCR data showed that the effects of rLeXyn11A on ruminal microbial community depended on the fermentation substrates. With rice straw, rLeXyn11A increased the relative abundance of fibrolytic bacteria including Firmicutes, Desulfovibrio, Ruminococcaceae and its some genus, and Fibrobacter succinogenes. With wheat straw, rLeXyn11A increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_1 and its three representative species F. succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus. With corn straw, the fibrolytic bacteria Firmicutes, Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, Saccharofermentans, and Desulfovibrio were increased by rLeXyn11A. This study demonstrates that rLeXyn11A could enhance in vitro ruminal digestion and fermentation of agricultural straws, showing the potential of rLeXyn11A for improving the utilization of agricultural straws in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Evaluation of wild herbivore faeces from South Africa as a potential source of hydrolytically active microorganisms. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:118. [PMID: 26900540 PMCID: PMC4746204 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed faecal matter from three indigenous South African herbivores-zebra, giraffe and impala-as a potential source for hydrolytically active aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Herbivore droppings were collected freshly in a local nature reserve in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Soil samples adjacent to faecal collection sites and faeces from a domestic herbivore, the Nguni cow, were included as controls. Hydrolase and dehydrogenase activity in faecal matter and soil samples were measured by the fluorescein diacetate and the triphenyltetrazolium chloride assay. Viable counts and counts for amylase, cellulase, esterase and protease producers were established using plate count agar and solid media containing cellulose, skim milk, starch and Tween 80. Zebra droppings produced the highest hydrolase and dehydrogenase activity. Faecal matter of the three indigenous herbivores generally produced higher hydrolytic activity than Nguni cow faeces and soil controls, thereby confirming that these materials are potential targets for hydrolytic enzyme mining.
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Shedova EN, Berezina OV, Lunina NA, Zverlov VV, Schwarz WH, Velikodvorskaya GA. Cloning and characterisation of a large metagenomic DNA fragment containing glycosyl-hydrolase genes. MOLECULAR GENETICS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416809010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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