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Singh A, Tijore A, Margadant F, Simpson C, Chitkara D, Low BC, Sheetz M. Enhanced tumor cell killing by ultrasound after microtubule depolymerization. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10233. [PMID: 34589605 PMCID: PMC8459596 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that tumor cells are vulnerable to mechanical stresses and undergo calcium-dependent apoptosis (mechanoptosis) with mechanical perturbation by low-frequency ultrasound alone. To determine if tumor cells are particularly sensitive to mechanical stress in certain phases of the cell cycle, inhibitors of the cell-cycle phases are tested for effects on mechanoptosis. Most inhibitors show no significant effect, but inhibitors of mitosis that cause microtubule depolymerization increase the mechanoptosis. Surprisingly, ultrasound treatment also disrupts microtubules independent of inhibitors in tumor cells but not in normal cells. Ultrasound causes calcium entry through mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels that disrupts microtubules via calpain protease activation. Myosin IIA contractility is required for ultrasound-mediated mechanoptosis and microtubule disruption enhances myosin IIA contractility through activation of GEF-H1 and RhoA pathway. Further, ultrasound promotes contractility-dependent Piezo1 expression and localization to the peripheral adhesions where activated Piezo1 allows calcium entry to continue feedback loop. Thus, the synergistic action of ultrasound and nanomolar concentrations of microtubule depolymerizing agents can enhance tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Singh
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Department of PharmacyBirla Institute of Technology and SciencePilaniIndia
| | - Ajay Tijore
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Felix Margadant
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Chloe Simpson
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of PharmacyBirla Institute of Technology and SciencePilaniIndia
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Michael Sheetz
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology DepartmentUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
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2
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Katiyar A, Osborn J, DasBanerjee M, Zhang LG, Sarkar K, Sarker KP. Inhibition of Human Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation by Low-Intensity Ultrasound Stimulation. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2020; 39:2043-2052. [PMID: 32352188 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, which makes novel therapies highly desired. In this study, the effects of near-field low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation on T47D human breast cancer cell and healthy immortalized MCF-12A breast epithelial cell proliferation were investigated in monolayer cultures. METHODS A customized ultrasound (US) exposure setup was used for the variation of key US parameters: intensity, excitation duration, and duty cycle. Cell proliferation was quantified by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and alamarBlue assays after LIPUS excitation. RESULTS At a 20% duty cycle and 10-minute excitation period, we varied LIPUS intensity from to 100 mW/cm2 (spatial-average temporal-average) to find a gradual decrease in T47D cell proliferation, the decrease being strongest at 100 mW/cm2 . In contrast, healthy MCF-12A breast cells showed an increase in proliferation when exposed to the same conditions. Above a 60% duty cycle, T47D cell proliferation decreased drastically. Effects of continuous wave US stimulation were further explored by varying the intensity and excitation period. CONCLUSIONS These experiments concluded that, irrespective of the waveform (pulsed or continuous), LIPUS stimulation could inhibit the proliferation of T47D breast cancer cells, whereas the same behavior was not observed in healthy cells. The study demonstrates the beneficial bioeffects of LIPUS on breast cancer cells and offers the possibility of developing novel US-mediated cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Katiyar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Jenna Osborn
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Malaya DasBanerjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Krishna Pada Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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3
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Snehota M, Vachutka J, Ter Haar G, Dolezal L, Kolarova H. Therapeutic ultrasound experiments in vitro: Review of factors influencing outcomes and reproducibility. ULTRASONICS 2020; 107:106167. [PMID: 32402858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Current in vitro sonication experiments show immense variability in experimental set-ups and methods used. As a result, there is uncertainty in the ultrasound field parameters experienced by sonicated samples, poor reproducibility of these experiments and thus reduced scientific value of the results obtained. The scope of this narrative review is to briefly describe mechanisms of action of ultrasound, list the most frequently used experimental set-ups and focus on a description of factors influencing the outcomes and reproducibility of these experiments. The factors assessed include: proper reporting of ultrasound exposure parameters, experimental geometry, coupling medium quality, influence of culture vessels, formation of standing waves, motion/rotation of the sonicated sample and the characteristics of the sample itself. In the discussion we describe pros and cons of particular exposure geometries and factors, and make a few recommendations as to how to increase the reproducibility and validity of the experiments performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Snehota
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Vachutka
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic.
| | - Gail Ter Haar
- Joint Department of Physics and Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Ladislav Dolezal
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolarova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
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4
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Canavese G, Ancona A, Racca L, Canta M, Dumontel B, Barbaresco F, Limongi T, Cauda V. Nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound: A special focus on sonodynamic therapy against cancer. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2018; 340:155-172. [PMID: 30881202 PMCID: PMC6420022 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
At present, ultrasound radiation is broadly employed in medicine for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes at various frequencies and intensities. In this review article, we focus on therapeutically-active nanoparticles (NPs) when stimulated by ultrasound. We first introduce the different ultrasound-based therapies with special attention to the techniques involved in the oncological field, then we summarize the different NPs used, ranging from soft materials, like liposomes or micro/nano-bubbles, to metal and metal oxide NPs. We therefore focus on the sonodynamic therapy and on the possible working mechanisms under debate of NPs-assisted sonodynamic treatments. We support the idea that various, complex and synergistics physical-chemical processes take place during acoustic cavitation and NP activation. Different mechanisms are therefore responsible for the final cancer cell death and strongly depends not only on the type and structure of NPs or nanocarriers, but also on the way they interact with the ultrasonic pressure waves. We conclude with a brief overview of the clinical applications of the various ultrasound therapies and the related use of NPs-assisted ultrasound in clinics, showing that this very innovative and promising approach is however still at its infancy in the clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Canavese
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies CSFT@Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Ancona
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Racca
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Canta
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Bianca Dumontel
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Barbaresco
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Tania Limongi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies CSFT@Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129, Turin, Italy
- Corresponding author at: Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy. (V. Cauda)
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Wu SK, Chiang CF, Hsu YH, Liou HC, Fu WM, Lin WL. Pulsed-wave low-dose ultrasound hyperthermia selectively enhances nanodrug delivery and improves antitumor efficacy for brain metastasis of breast cancer. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 36:198-205. [PMID: 28069201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The clinical application of chemotherapeutics for brain tumors remains a challenge due to limitation of blood-brain barrier/blood-tumor barrier (BBB/BTB). In this study, we investigated the effects of low-dose focused ultrasound hyperthermia (UH) on the delivery and therapeutic efficacy of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) for brain metastasis of breast cancer. Murine breast cancer cells (4T1-luc2) expressing firefly luciferase were implanted into mouse striatum as a brain tumor model. The mice were intravenously injected with PLD with/without transcranial pulsed-wave/continuous-wave UH (pUH/cUH) treatment on day-6 after tumor implantation. pUH (frequency: 500kHz, PRF: 1000Hz, duty cycle: 50%) was conducted under equal acoustic power (2.2-Watt) and sonication duration (10-min) as cUH. The amounts of doxorubicin accumulated in the normal brain and tumor tissues were measured with fluorometry. The tumor growth responses for the control, pUH, PLD, PLD+cUH, and PLD+pUH groups were evaluated with IVIS. The PLD distribution and cell apoptosis were assessed with immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that pUH significantly enhanced the PLD delivery into brain tumors and the tumor growth was further inhibited by PLD+pUH without damaging the sonicated normal brain tissues. This indicates that low-dose transcranial pUH is a promising method to selectively enhance nanodrug delivery and improve the brain tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kai Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hone Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Houng-Chi Liou
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Mei Fu
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Win-Li Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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6
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Secomski W, Bilmin K, Kujawska T, Nowicki A, Grieb P, Lewin PA. In vitro ultrasound experiments: Standing wave and multiple reflections influence on the outcome. ULTRASONICS 2017; 77:203-213. [PMID: 28254565 PMCID: PMC5503701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of standing waves and possible multiple reflections under the conditions often encountered in examining the effects of ultrasound exposure on the cell cultures in vitro. More specifically, the goal was to quantitatively ascertain the influence of ultrasound exposure under free field (FF) and standing waves (SW) and multiple reflections (MR) conditions (SWMR) on the biological endpoint (50% cell necrosis). Such information would help in designing the experiments, in which the geometry of the container with biological tissue may prevent FF conditions to be established and in which the ultrasound generated temperature elevation is undesirable. This goal was accomplished by performing systematic, side-by-side experiments in vitro with C6 rat glioma cancer cells using 12 well and 96 well plates. It was determined that to obtain 50% of cell viability using the 12 well plates, the spatial average, temporal average (ISATA) intensities of 0.32W/cm2 and 5.89W/cm2 were needed under SWMR and FF conditions, respectively. For 96 well plates the results were 0.80W/cm2 and 2.86W/cm2 respectively. The corresponding, hydrophone measured pRMS maximum pressure amplitude values, were 0.71MPa, 0.75MPa, 0.75MPa and 0.73MPa, respectively. These results suggest that pRMS pressure amplitude was independent of the measurement set-up geometry and hence could be used to predict the cells' mortality threshold under any in vitro experimental conditions or even as a starting point for (pre-clinical) in vivo tests. The described procedure of the hydrophone measurements of the pRMS maximum pressure amplitude at the λ/2 distance (here 0.75mm) from the cell's level at the bottom of the dish or plate provides the guideline allowing the difference between the FF and SWMR conditions to be determined in any experimental setup. The outcome of the measurements also indicates that SWMR exposure might be useful at any ultrasound assisted therapy experiments as it permits to reduce thermal effects. Although the results presented are valid for the experimental conditions used in this study they can be generalized. The analysis developed provides methodology facilitating independent laboratories to determine their specific ultrasound exposure parameters for a given biological end-point under standing waves and multiple reflections conditions. The analysis also permits verification of the outcome of the experiments mimicking pre- and clinical environment between different, unaffiliated teams of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Secomski
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Bilmin
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tamara Kujawska
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowicki
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Paweł Grieb
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Peter A Lewin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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7
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Lv Y, Zheng J, Zhou Q, Jia L, Wang C, Liu N, Zhao H, Ji H, Li B, Cao W. Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-inducing Effect of exo-Protoporphyrin IX based Sonodynamic Therapy on Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40967. [PMID: 28102324 PMCID: PMC5244424 DOI: 10.1038/srep40967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an innovative modality for cancer treatment. But the biological effect of SDT on oral squamous cell carcinoma has not been studied. Our previous study has shown that endo-Protoporphyrin IX based SDT (ALA-SDT) could induce apoptosis in human tongue squamous carcinoma SAS cells through mitochondrial pathway. Herein, we investigated the effect of exo- Protoporphyrin based SDT (PpIX-SDT) on SAS cells in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that PpIX-SDT increased the ratio of cells in the G2/M phase and induced 3–4 times more cell apoptosis compared to sonocation alone. PpIX-SDT caused cell membrane damage prior to mitochondria damage and upregulated the expression of Fas and Fas L, while the effect was suppressed if cells were pre-treated with p53 inhibitor. Additionally, we examined the SDT-induced cell apoptosis in two cell lines with different p53 status. The increases of p53 expression and apoptosis rate in wild-type p53 SAS cells were found in the SDT group, while p53-mutated HSC-3 cells did not show such increase. Our data suggest that PpIX-SDT suppress the proliferation of SAS cells via arresting cell cycle at G2/M phase and activating the extrinsic Fas-mediated membrane receptor pathway to induce apoptosis, which is regulated by p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Lv
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Limin Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Chunying Wang
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.,Materials Research Institute and Department of Mathematics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Hang Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Baoxin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Wenwu Cao
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.,Materials Research Institute and Department of Mathematics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.,Laboratory of Sono- and Photo-theranostic Technologies, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
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8
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Aliabouzar M, Zhang LG, Sarkar K. Lipid Coated Microbubbles and Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Enhance Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in 3D Printed Scaffolds. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37728. [PMID: 27883051 PMCID: PMC5121887 DOI: 10.1038/srep37728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-coated microbubbles are used to enhance ultrasound imaging and drug delivery. Here we apply these microbubbles along with low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for the first time to enhance proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in a 3D printed poly-(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogel scaffold. The hMSC proliferation increased up to 40% after 5 days of culture in the presence of 0.5% (v/v) microbubbles and LIPUS in contrast to 18% with LIPUS alone. We systematically varied the acoustic excitation parameters-excitation intensity, frequency and duty cycle-to find 30 mW/cm2, 1.5 MHz and 20% duty cycle to be optimal for hMSC proliferation. A 3-week chondrogenic differentiation results demonstrated that combining LIPUS with microbubbles enhanced glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production by 17% (5% with LIPUS alone), and type II collagen production by 78% (44% by LIPUS alone). Therefore, integrating LIPUS and microbubbles appears to be a promising strategy for enhanced hMSC growth and chondrogenic differentiation, which are critical components for cartilage regeneration. The results offer possibilities of novel applications of microbubbles, already clinically approved for contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging, in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Aliabouzar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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9
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Pang X, Xu C, Jiang Y, Xiao Q, Leung AW. Natural products in the discovery of novel sonosensitizers. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 162:144-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Lai P, Tarapacki C, Tran WT, El Kaffas A, Lee J, Hupple C, Iradji S, Giles A, Al-Mahrouki A, Czarnota GJ. Breast tumor response to ultrasound mediated excitation of microbubbles and radiation therapy in vivo. Oncoscience 2016; 3:98-108. [PMID: 27226983 PMCID: PMC4872648 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acoustically stimulated microbubbles have been demonstrated to perturb endothelial cells of the vasculature resulting in biological effects. In the present study, vascular and tumor response to ultrasound-stimulated microbubble and radiation treatment was investigated in vivo to identify effects on the blood vessel endothelium. Mice bearing breast cancer tumors (MDA-MB-231) were exposed to ultrasound after intravenous injection of microbubbles at different concentrations, and radiation at different doses (0, 2, and 8 Gy). Mice were sacrificed 12 and 24 hours after treatment for histopathological analysis. Tumor growth delay was assessed for up to 28 days after treatment. The results demonstrated additive antitumor and antivascular effects when ultrasound stimulated microbubbles were combined with radiation. Results indicated tumor cell apoptosis, vascular leakage, a decrease in tumor vasculature, a delay in tumor growth and an overall tumor disruption. When coupled with radiation, ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles elicited synergistic anti-tumor and antivascular effects by acting as a radioenhancing agent in breast tumor blood vessels. The present study demonstrates ultrasound driven microbubbles as a novel form of targeted antiangiogenic therapy in a breast cancer xenograft model that can potentiate additive effects to radiation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Lai
- Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Tarapacki
- Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William T Tran
- Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed El Kaffas
- Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Lee
- Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clinton Hupple
- Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Iradji
- Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anoja Giles
- Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Azza Al-Mahrouki
- Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory J Czarnota
- Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Li P, Wang PJ, Zhang W. Prenatal exposure to ultrasound affects learning and memory in young rats. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:644-653. [PMID: 25638314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to ultrasound may cause cognitive impairments in experimental animals; however, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we exposed pregnant rats (or sham-exposed controls) to different intensities of ultrasound repeatedly on days 6, 12 and 18 of pregnancy for 4 min (3.5 MHz, spatial peak time average intensity = 7.6 mW/cm(2), mechanical index = 0.1, thermal index bone = 0.1: 4-min group) or 20 min (3.5 MHz, spatial peak time average intensity = 106 mW/cm(2), mechanical index = 1.4, thermal index bone = 1.0: 20-min group). The Morris water maze was used to assess learning and memory function in pups at 2 mo of age. Noticeable deficits in behavior occurred in the group exposed to ultrasound for 20 min. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, we also determined that both the mRNA and protein expression levels of hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor units 1 (NR1) and 2B (NR2B) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were significantly lower in pups exposed to ultrasound for 20 min than in controls. Furthermore, the morphology of the synapses in the hippocampus was partially damaged. Compared with the control group, the 4-min group had better spatial learning and memory abilities, as well as higher mRNA and protein levels of NR1, NR2B and BDNF. Our study suggests that high-intensity ultrasound irradiation can decrease learning and memory abilities by reducing the expression of NR1, NR2B and BDNF in the hippocampal regions and damaging the structure of synapses. In contrast, low-intensity ultrasound irradiation can enhance the learning and memory abilities of the offspring rats by increasing the expression of NR1, NR2B and BDNF receptor in the hippocampal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, Putuo District, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Jun Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, Putuo District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, Putuo District, Shanghai, China
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Su X, Li Y, Wang P, Wang X, Liu Q. Protoporphyrin IX-mediated sonodynamic action induces apoptosis of K562 cells. ULTRASONICS 2014; 54:275-284. [PMID: 23978616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to investigate apoptosis of human leukemia K562 cells induced by protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)-mediated sonodynamic therapy (PpIX-SDT). METHODS The uptakes of intracellular PpIX in K562 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The sub-cellular localization of PpIX was imaged by confocal microscope. The cytotoxic effect of PpIX-SDT was assessed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenylter-trazolium bromide tetrazolium) assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by chromatin condensation with DAPI (4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, decrease of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), re-distribution of Bax, and the expression changes of the key apoptosis-associated protein (Caspase-3 and polypeptide poly (ADP-robose) polymerase). The possible mechanism of SDT-induced apoptosis was investigated by detecting by intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation and effect of ROS scavenger-NAC (N-acetylcysteine) on SDT induced apoptosis. RESULTS The intracellular PpIX increased quickly within 2 h after PpIX administration and PpIX mainly localized in the mitochondria. Compared with PpIX alone and ultrasound alone groups, the synergistic cytotoxicity of PpIX plus ultrasound was significantly boosted. In addition, the ultrasound induced some extent of chromatin condensation and MMP loss was greatly enhanced by the presence of 2 μg/ml PpIX, where PpIX alone treatment showed no or only slight effect. Time-dependent Bax translocation, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage were detected in SDT treatment groups. Besides, intracellular ROS production was significantly enhanced after SDT, and the general ROS scavenger NAC could obviously alleviate the SDT-caused cell viability loss, MMP loss, Bax redistribution and nuclear changes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that PpIX-mediated sonodynamic action could induce apoptosis on K562 cells, and the intracellular ROS was involved in the PpIX-SDT induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Su
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 Shaanxi, China
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13
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Pedata P, Bergamasco N, D’Anna A, Minutolo P, Servillo L, Sannolo N, Balestrieri ML. Apoptotic and proinflammatory effect of combustion-generated organic nanoparticles in endothelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2013; 219:307-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Targeted manipulation of apoptotic pathways by using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound in cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2013; 338:204-8. [PMID: 23612069 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a mechanism of cell death, which has been exploited for the treatment of cancers over the past few years. The understanding of apoptosis pathways (intrinsic and extrinsic) has led to discovery of treatment strategies which selectively target the cancer cells and spare the normal ones. This article reviews the current understanding of the apoptotic pathways which are utilized for targeting cancer cells using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU).
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15
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Chen ZY, Liang K, Lin Y, Yang F. Study of the UTMD-based delivery system to induce cervical cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit proliferation with shRNA targeting Survivin. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1763-77. [PMID: 23325045 PMCID: PMC3565346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis induction by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vectors could be an efficient and promising strategy for cancer gene therapy. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) is an appealing technique. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis induction and suppression of cell proliferation in vivo transfected by the UTMD-based shRNA delivery system. Nude mice with transplanted tumors of cervical cancer were randomly arranged into three groups: control group, plasmid injection and ultrasound (P + US), P + UTMD group. Expressions of Survivin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, Ki-67, nucleostemin (NS) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, microvessel density (MVD) was detected by CD34 protein expressions and apoptotic index (AI) was measured by TUNEL. As compared with those in the control and P + US groups, protein expressions of PCNA, Ki-67, Bcl-2, Survivin and NS in P + UTMD groups were down-regulated markedly, while those of Bax, Caspase-3 were up-regulated significantly (p < 0.05). MVD decreased significantly, whereas AI increased remarkably (p < 0.05). We suggested that UTMD-based shRNA delivery system could induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation significantly, without causing any apparently adverse effect, representing a new, promising technology that would be used in the future gene therapy and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (F.Y.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-020-8129-2115; Fax: +86-020-8129-2949
| | - Kun Liang
- Guangzhou Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou 510150, China; E-Mail:
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (F.Y.)
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (F.Y.)
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Masui T, Ota I, Kanno M, Yane K, Hosoi H. Low-intensity ultrasound enhances the anticancer activity of cetuximab in human head and neck cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2012; 5:11-16. [PMID: 23251234 PMCID: PMC3524017 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential clinical use of ultrasound in inducing cell apoptosis and enhancing the effects of anticancer drugs in the treatment of cancers has previously been investigated. In this study, the combined effects of low-intensity ultrasound (LIU) and cetuximab, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody, on cell killing and induction of apoptosis in HSC-3 and HSC-4 head and neck cancer cells, and its mechanisms were investigated. Experiments were divided into 4 groups: non-treated (CNTRL), cetuximab-treated (CETU), ultrasound-treated (UST) and the combination of cetuximab and US-treated (COMB). Cell viability was assessed by trypan blue staining assay and induction of apoptosis was detected by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining assay at 24 h after cetuximab and/or US treatment. To elucidate the effect of cetuximab and US on EGFR signaling and apoptosis in head and neck cancer cells after the treatments, the expression of EGFR, phospho-EGFR, and the activation of caspase-3 were evaluated with western blotting. More cell killing features were evident in the COMB group in HSC-3 and HSC-4 cells compared with the other groups. No differences in EGFR expression among the CETU, UST and COMB groups was observed, while the expression of phospho-EGFR in the CETU group was downregulated compared with that in the CNTRL group. Phospho-EGFR expression was much more downregulated in the COMB group compared with that in the other groups. In addition, the activation of caspase-3 in the UST group was upregulated compared with that in the CNTRL group. Caspase-3 activation was much more upregulated in the COMB group than that in the other groups. These data indicated that LIU was able to enhance the anticancer effect of cetuximab in HSC-3 and HSC-4 head and neck cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Masui
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and
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17
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Tsuru H, Shibaguchi H, Kuroki M, Yamashita Y, Kuroki M. Tumor growth inhibition by sonodynamic therapy using a novel sonosensitizer. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:464-72. [PMID: 22588110 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) with low-intensity ultrasound combined with a sonosensitizer may be a promising approach to cancer therapy. Use of ultrasound has the advantage of being noninvasive, with deep-penetration properties, and convenient because of the low or no sensitivity of sonosensitizers to light. In this study, SDT with a novel sonosensitizer (a porphyrin derivative) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Ultrasound irradiation with a sonosensitizer elicited potent sonotoxicity in vitro without the danger of phototoxicity. The sonotoxic effect was mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and was reduced by ROS scavengers. Cell membrane lipid peroxidation increased significantly just after ultrasound irradiation with a sonosensitizer, but there was no increase in apoptosis. In an in vivo mouse xenograft model, SDT with a sonosensitizer markedly inhibited tumor cell growth. The skin hypersensitivity after light exposure was not observed in a sonosensitizer-treatment group, consistent with the in vitro findings. These results suggest that ROS generated by SDT with a sensitizer can damage tumor cells, resulting in necrosis and prevention of tumor growth. This noninvasive treatment with no adverse effects such as skin sensitivity is therefore promising for therapy of cancers located deep within patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tsuru
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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18
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Gao J, Guo Y, Wang J, Jin X, Wang Z, Fan T, Li K, Xu Y. Spectroscopic Analysis of the Interactions of Anthraquinone Derivatives (Alizarin, Alizarin-DA and Alizarin-DA-Fe) with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). J SOLUTION CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-011-9692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Xiang J, Xia X, Jiang Y, Leung AW, Wang X, Xu J, Wang P, Yu H, Bai D, Xu C. Apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells induced by methylene blue-mediated sonodynamic action. ULTRASONICS 2011; 51:390-395. [PMID: 21147492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells induced by methylene blue (MB)-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT). METHODS The MB concentration was kept constant at 100μM and ovarian cancer HO-8910 cells were exposed to ultrasound therapy for 5s with an intensity of 0.46W/cm(2). The cytotoxicity was investigated 24h after MB-mediated sonodynamic action. Apoptosis was analyzed using a flow cytometer with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) staining as well as fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33258 staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured by flow cytometer with 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. RESULTS The cytotoxicity of MB-mediated SDT on HO-8910 cells after MB-mediated SDT was significantly higher than those of other treatments including ultrasound alone, MB alone and sham treatment. Flow cytometric analysis showed a significant increase in the early and late apoptotic cell populations by MB-mediated SDT of HO-8910 cells. Nuclear condensation and increased ROS levels were also found in HO-8910 cells treated by MB-mediated SDT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that MB-mediated sonodynamic action significantly induced apoptosis of HO-8910 cells and an increase in intracellular ROS level. This indicates that apoptosis is an important mechanism of cell death induced by MB-mediated SDT. Thus, MB-mediated SDT might be a potential therapeutic strategy for combating ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Xiang
- Department of Photodynamic and Sondynamic Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Feng Y, Tian Z, Wan M. Bioeffects of low-intensity ultrasound in vitro: apoptosis, protein profile alteration, and potential molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2010; 29:963-974. [PMID: 20498470 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2010.29.6.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential molecular mechanism of low-intensity ultrasound-induced apoptosis by analyzing protein profile alteration in response to ultrasound exposure. METHODS Human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells were used in this study. Cell viability was measured by a trypan blue dye exclusion test. Morphologic changes were examined by light microscopy. Apoptosis was assessed by phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation. The pattern of the mitochondrial membrane potential decrease was determined by flow cytometry. Protein profile alteration was analyzed by comparative proteomics based on 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS Low-intensity ultrasound (3.0 W/cm(2), 1 minute, cells incubated for 6 hours after ultrasound exposure) induced early apoptosis (mean +/- SD, 26.5% +/- 6.2%) significantly (P < .05) with minimal lysis in human hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro. On a molecular level, several proteins, eg, cellular tumor antigen protein 53, BH3-interacting domain death agonist, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2, and heme oxygenase 1 were identified as responding to ultrasound irradiation, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stresses were involved in ultrasound-induced apoptosis. It was also assumed that mitofilin-regulated crista remodeling may be a potential channel of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization pore formation involved in low-intensity ultrasound-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that 2 potential molecular signaling pathways are involved in ultrasound-induced apoptosis. It is a first step toward low-intensity ultrasound-induced apoptotic cancer therapy via understanding its relevant molecular signaling and key proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Ahmed K, Wei ZL, Zhao QL, Nakajima N, Matsunaga T, Ogasawara M, Kondo T. Role of fatty acid chain length on the induction of apoptosis by newly synthesized catechin derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 185:182-8. [PMID: 20206613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The catechins, a family of polyphenols found in tea, can evoke various responses, including apoptosis. In this study we investigated whether the chemical modification of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) could enhance its apoptosis activity. We found that one of the catechin conjugated with capric acid [(2R,3S)-3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavan-3-yl decanoate; catechin-C10] was most potent to induce apoptosis in U937 cells. C10 treatment resulted in a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, cytochrome c release caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. In addition to this C10 also activated extrinsic pathway significantly as evident by time-dependent increase in Fas expression and caspase-8 activity. C10 mediated cleavage of Bid may be an important event for cross talk between intrinsic and extrinsic signaling. Moreover, pre-treatment of cells with anti-oxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly prevented C10-induced apoptosis but did not protect MMP loss. Treatment of cells with pan-caspase inhibitor significantly inhibited apoptosis indicating that caspases are playing key role. In addition to this C10 was found to induce apoptosis in human colon cancer (HCT116) cells while it showed resistance to human keratinocytes (HaCat). In short our results showed that the optimal fatty acid side chain length is required for the apoptosis inducing activity of catechin derivatives in U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Ahmed
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama Japan, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Feril LB, Tachibana K, Kondo T, Ogawa R, Zhao QL, Yamaguchi K, Ogawa K, Endo H, Irie Y, Harada Y. Hypotonia-induced cell swelling enhances ultrasound-induced mechanical damage to cancer cells. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2009; 37:3-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10396-009-0241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kondo T, Yoshida T, Ogawa R, Hassan MA, Furusawa Y, Zhao QL, Watanabe A, Morii A, Feril LB, Tachibana K, Kitagawa H, Tabuchi Y, Takasaki I, Shehata MH, Kudo N, Tsukada K. Low-intensity ultrasound adjuvant therapy: enhancement of doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity and the acoustic mechanisms involved. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2009; 36:61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10396-009-0212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hundt W, Steinbach S, O'Connell-Rodwell CE, Bednarski MD, Guccione S. The effect of high intensity focused ultrasound on luciferase activity on two tumor cell lines in vitro, under the control of a CMV promoter. ULTRASONICS 2009; 49:312-318. [PMID: 19019402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the effect of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and thermal stress on the luciferase activity, controlled by a cytomegaly virus (CMV) promoter in an in vitro model using two tumor cell lines (M21, SCCVII). HIFU was applied in a pulsed-wave mode with increasing voltage at constant pulse duration, or thermal stress was delivered over a range of temperatures (36-52 degrees C) for 5 min. The resulting luciferase activity was measured in live cells using a cooled CCD camera. Luciferase activity was measured at set time intervals over a total of 48 h post-stress. Compared to baseline, the luciferase activity of the M21 tumor cell line when exposed to HIFU was approximately 54.2+/-67.5% (p<0.01) higher at a temperature of 42 degrees C, and approximately 52.9+/-128.5% (p<0.01) higher at 44 degrees C. In the SCCVII tumor cell line, the luciferase activity after HIFU application was 55.4+/-66.6% (p<0.01) higher compared to baseline at a temperature of 42 degrees C. The M21 and SCCVII tumor cell line when exposed to thermal stress alone did not increase the luciferase activity. M21 and SCCVII tumor cells exposed to HIFU showed a maximum decrease in cell viability to 45.3+/-7.5% and 10.3+/-7.5%, respectively, and when exposed to thermal stress to 85.3+/-3.5% and 20.4+/-6.5%, respectively, compared to the untreated control. In M21 and SCCVII cells exposed to HIFU, free radicals could be detected using the dichlorofluorescein dye. Our findings demonstrate that HIFU can enhance the luciferase activity controlled by a CMV promoter. However it also has a higher damaging effect on the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Hundt
- Department of Radiology, Lucas MRS Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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25
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Mechanism of apoptosis induced by a newly synthesized derivative of macrosphelides with a thiazole side chain. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 177:218-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Ultrasound-mediated gene transfection (sonotransfection) has been shown to be a promising physical method for gene therapy, especially for cancer gene therapy. The procedure being done in vitro uses several ultrasound exposure (sonication) setups. Although high transfection rates have been attained in some of these setups in vitro, replicating similar levels of transfection in vivo has been difficult. In vivo-simulated setups offer hope for a more consistent outcome in vivo. Presented in this chapter are typical methods of sonotransfection in vitro, methods when using a novel in vivo-simulated in vitro sonication setup and also sonotransfection methods when doing in vivo experiments. Factors that could potentially influence the outcome of an ultrasound experiment are cited. Several advantages of sonotransfection are recognized, although a low transfection rate is still considered a disadvantage of this method. To improve the transfection rate and the efficiency of sonotransfection, several studies are currently being undertaken. Particularly promising are studies using engineered microbubbles to carry the therapeutic genes into a particular target tissue in the body, then using ultrasound to release or deliver the genes directly into target cells, e.g., cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto B Feril
- Department of Anatomy, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, Japan
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Therapeutic potential of low-intensity ultrasound (part 1): thermal and sonomechanical effects. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2008; 35:153-60. [PMID: 27278986 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-008-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this first part of the review, we will focus on and discuss various aspects of low-intensity ultrasound (US), with emphasis on mild thermal effects, apoptosis induction, and sonomechanical effects. Mild thermal effects of US have been commonly applied to physical therapy. Though US has clear beneficial effects, the advantage of using US over other heating modalities remains unclear. US has also been used in vivo and clinically in the treatment of wounds and fractures, with promising results. On the biomolecular level, studies have shown that US can induce apoptosis and that certain conditions can provide optimal apoptosis induction. As to potential therapeutic applications, in addition to the thermal and other physical effects, apoptosis induction by US may offer direct and rapid treatment of tumors or cancer tissues. Technological advances and rapidly accelerating research in this field are providing an ever-increasing array of therapeutic options for lowintensity US.
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In vitro study of haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-mediated sonodynamic effects on C6 glioma cells. Neurol Sci 2008; 29:229-35. [PMID: 18810596 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-008-0972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the cytotoxicity induced by haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME)-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) on C6 glioma cells. METHODS The potent photosensitizer HMME was used as the sensitizer. Rat C6 glioma cells were incubated with HMME (10 microg/mL) in the dark for 2 h and then subjected to ultrasound treatment at 1.0 MHz and 0.5 W/cm2 for 2 min. The growth inhibition rate at different time points after SDT was determined by MTT assay. The apoptotic rate and cell circle profiles were examined with flow cytometry. Fine structures were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM). The sonodynamic effect on the glioma cells was also studied in the absence or presence of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. RESULTS The growth inhibition rate of C6 glioma cells after SDT significantly increased. SDT also increased the apoptosis and proliferation rate (APR). TEM examination showed the morphological features of apoptosis or necrosis. The addition of NaN(3) showed a strong protective effect again SDT. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that SDT could kill C6 glioma cells in vitro and possibility through induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Singlet oxygen ((1)O2) may play an important role in SDT.
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Feng Y, Tian ZM, Wan MX, Zheng ZB. Low intensity ultrasound-induced apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:4873-9. [PMID: 18756594 PMCID: PMC2739939 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.4873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the low intensity ultrasound (US)-induced apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells and its potential mechanism and to suggest a new therapeutic approach to gastric carcinoma.
METHODS: Human SGC-7901 gastric carcinoma cells were cultured in vitro and irradiated by low intensity US for 10 min at different intensities with different incubation times after irradiation. Morphologic changes were examined under microscope with trypan blue staining and then the percentage of early apoptotic cells was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) with double staining of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI). Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) was used to get the protein profile and some proteins differently expressed after US irradiation were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Functional analysis was performed to investigate the mechanism of US-induced cell apoptosis.
RESULTS: The percentage of apoptotic cells increased about 10% after US irradiation (12.0 W/cm2, 12 h culture). The percentage of early apoptosis and secondary necrosis in the US-irradiated cells increased with the increased US intensity. Moreover, apoptotic cells increased with the increased culture time after US irradiation and reached its maximum at about 12 h. Several new proteins appeared after US irradiation and were up or down regulated more than 2 times. Some heat shock proteins (HSPs) were found to be associated with the signal process simulating the apoptosis of cells.
CONCLUSION: Low intensity US could induce apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells. US-induced apoptosis is related to US intensity/culture time. US-induced apoptosis may be caspases-dependent and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-triggered apoptosis may also contribute to it. Proteomic experimental system is useful in finding the protein alteration in carcinoma cells after US irradiation, helping to develop a new cancer therapy.
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Ahmed K, Zhao QL, Matsuya Y, Yu DY, Feril LB, Nemoto H, Kondo T. Rapid and transient intracellular oxidative stress due to novel macrosphelides trigger apoptosis via Fas/caspase-8-dependent pathway in human lymphoma U937 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 170:86-99. [PMID: 17727829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the derivatives of macrosphelides (MS) core (simplified 16-membered core structure of natural MS) to induce apoptosis in human lymphoma U937 cells was investigated. Of the five compounds examined, MS core with ketones at 8 and 14 positions (MS5) showed the highest potency to induce apoptosis, while another, MS3 with one ketone, was minimal potent. MS5 was found to induce apoptosis in the U937 cells in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, as confirmed by DNA fragmentation analysis. MS5 treated cells showed increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione depletion, Bid activation and lipid peroxidation. Pretreatment of cells with pancaspase inhibitor resulted in the complete inhibition of MS5-induced apoptosis. N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment resulted in the increase in glutathione concentration, reduction of intracellular ROS, complete inhibition of DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, Fas externalization and caspase-8 activation. Furthermore, MS5-induced oxidative stress also triggered transient increase in intracellular calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) concentration which was completely inhibited by NAC. Pretreatment with an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA-AM reduced MS5-induced DNA fragmentation and caspase-8 activation while it has marginal effects on MMP collapse. Taken together our present data showed that a rapid increase in intracellular ROS by MS5 triggers apoptosis via the Fas/caspase-8-mediated mitochondrial pathway suggesting that the presence of diketone makes the compound more potent to induce apoptosis. These characteristics of MS5 will make it useful for therapeutic applications of targeted apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Ahmed
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Yoshida T, Kondo T, Ogawa R, Feril LB, Zhao QL, Watanabe A, Tsukada K. Combination of doxorubicin and low-intensity ultrasound causes a synergistic enhancement in cell killing and an additive enhancement in apoptosis induction in human lymphoma U937 cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 61:559-67. [PMID: 17505825 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Potential clinical use of ultrasound (US) in enhancing the effects of anticancer drugs in the treatment of cancers has been highlighted in previous reports. Increased uptake of drugs by the cancer cells due to US has been suggested as a mechanism. However, the precise mechanism of the enhancement has not yet been elucidated. Here, the combined effects of low-intensity pulsed US and doxorubicin (DOX) on cell killing and apoptosis induction of U937 cells, and mechanisms involved were investigated. METHODS Human myelomonocytic lymphoma U937 cells were used for the experiments. Experiments were conducted in 4 groups: (1) non-treated, (2) DOX treated (DOX), (3) US treated (US), and (4) combined (DOX + US). In DOX +US, cells were exposed to 5 microM DOX for 30 min and sonicated by 1 MHz pulsed US (PRF 100 Hz, DF 10%) at intensities of 0.2-0.5 W/cm(2) for 60 s. The cells were washed and incubated for 6 h. The viability was evaluated by Trypan blue dye exclusion test and apoptosis and incorporation of DOX was assessed by flow cytometry. Involvement of sonoporation in molecular incorporation was evaluated using FITC-dextran, hydroxyl radical formation was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance-spin trapping, membrane alteration including lipid peroxidation and membrane fluidity by DOX was evaluated using cis-parinaric acid and perylene fluorescence polarization method, respectively. RESULTS Synergistic enhancement in cell killing and additive enhancement in induction of apoptosis were observed at and above 0.3 W/cm(2). No enhancement was observed at 0.2 W/cm(2) in cell killing and induction of apoptosis. Hydroxyl radicals formation was detected at and above 0.3 W/cm(2). The radicals were produced more in the DOX + US than US alone. Incorporation of DOX was increased 13% in DOX + US (vs. DOX) at 0.5 W/cm(2). Involvement of sonoporation for increase of drug uptake was suggested by experiment using FITC-labeled dextran. We made the hypothesis that DOX treatment made the cells weaken against the mechanical effect of the US. Although treatment of DOX at 5 microM for 30 min did not affect lipid peroxidation and fluidity of cell membrane significantly, higher concentration and longer treatment of DOX induced the significant alteration of cell membrane. CONCLUSION Mechanisms of enhancements could be (1) increase in incorporation of the DOX by US involved with sonoporation, (2) enhancement of the cavitation by DOX. Cavitation is required for the enhancement of the effect of DOX. Although the precise involvement of the membrane modifications by DOX in the enhancement remains to be elucidated, they could be involved in the latent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yoshida
- Second Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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YOSHIDA TORU, KONDO TAKASHI, OGAWA RYOHEI, ZHAO QINGLI, HASSAN MARIAMEA, WATANABE AKIHIKO, TAKASAKI ICHIRO, TABUCHI YOSHIAKI, SHOJI MIKI, KUDO NOBUKI, FERIL, JR. LORETOB, TACHIBANA KATSURO, BULDAKOV MIKHAILA, HONDA TAKASHI, TSUKADA KAZUHIRO, RIESZ PETER. Molecular Therapy Using Ultrasound : Mechanisms Involved in Drug Activation, Apoptosis Induction, Gene Transfer, and Alterations of Gene Expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3191/thermalmed.23.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ando H, Feril LB, Kondo T, Tabuchi Y, Ogawa R, Zhao QL, Cui ZG, Umemura SI, Yoshikawa H, Misaki T. An echo-contrast agent, Levovist, lowers the ultrasound intensity required to induce apoptosis of human leukemia cells. Cancer Lett 2006; 242:37-45. [PMID: 16377079 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To verify the effect of echo-contrast agent (ECA) on apoptosis induced by ultrasound, leukemia cell lines (Jurkat, Molt-4 and U937) were sonicated at intensities previously shown to induce optimal apoptosis with or without Levovist, an ECA. The results showed that loss of viability and apoptosis can be induced in all three cell lines, apoptosis highest with Molt-4, based on viability and DNA fragmentation assay. Such finding was supported by corresponding increase of cells with low mitochondrial membrane potential, high superoxide production, increased intracellular calcium concentration, and phosphorylation of histone H2AX after sonication. Optimal ultrasound condition was 0.3W/cm(2), 1MHz, 10% duty factor pulsed at 100Hz; but in the presence of Levovist, an apparent shift of cell killing induction was observed at 0.2W/cm(2). While these results further confirmed previous findings on ultrasound-induced apoptosis, they also suggest that use of an enhancing factor, such as addition of ECA, may be useful in cancer therapy when a much lower intensity is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Ando
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Feril LB, Kondo T, Cui ZG, Tabuchi Y, Zhao QL, Ando H, Misaki T, Yoshikawa H, Umemura SI. Apoptosis induced by the sonomechanical effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound in a human leukemia cell line. Cancer Lett 2005; 221:145-52. [PMID: 15808400 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Revised: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To obtain an optimal condition for ultrasound (US)-induced apoptosis that could be useful for cancer therapy, we applied low intensity pulsed US to sonicate U937 cells in vitro. Cells were then incubated at different time intervals before measuring apoptosis. The apoptosis was assessed by DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine externalization. The pattern of the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by flow cytometry. Optimal apoptosis (70.0+/-13.8%) with minimal lysis was attained with 1 MHz ultrasound 0.3 W/cm2, 10% duty factor at 100 Hz for 1 min) at 12 h after sonication. Lack of US-induced free radical detection and absence of Heme oxygenase-1, an intracellular oxidative stress marker, up-regulation in cells, suggest that sonomechanical, not sonochemical, effects are the main mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto B Feril
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sagitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Feril LB, Kondo T. Major factors involved in the inhibition of ultrasound-induced free radical production and cell killing by pre-sonication incubation or by high cell density. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2005; 12:353-357. [PMID: 15590309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2004.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2004] [Revised: 05/07/2004] [Accepted: 05/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To identify the factors involved in the inhibition of ultrasound (US)-induced free radical production and cell killing by pre-sonication incubation or by high cell density, we used different densities of U937 cells, and with (up to 2 h) or without pre-sonication incubations, the cell suspensions were exposed to 1 MHz US (10% duty factor at 100 Hz pulse rate; intensities 0.1-0.5 W/cm(2) for 1 min). The intensity 0.3 W/cm(2) was used for cell killing experiments and 0.5 W/cm(2) for free radical experiments. Free radical production was determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-spin trapping with DMPO while cell killing was determined by assays for lysis, loss of cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis. The results show that at higher cell densities, CO(2) in the medium rapidly increased, with shorter pre-sonication incubation required to attain complete inhibition of both free radical production and cell killing. Cell killing at 0.3 W/cm(2) and free radical production at 0.5 W/cm(2) were both inhibited at 10 million cells/ml without incubation, and at 2 million cells/ml incubated for 2 h before sonication. Level of CO(2) alone could not account for the inhibition; consumption of gases in the medium is also considered in the inhibitory effect of pre-sonication, while suppression of cavitational activities due to the "viscosity effect" is considered a more important factor in the inhibition by high cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto B Feril
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Tian ZM, Wan MX, Lu MZ, Wang XD, Wang L. The alteration of protein profile of Walker 256 carinosarcoma cells during the apoptotic process induced by ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2005; 31:121-128. [PMID: 15653239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2004] [Revised: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the alteration of the protein profile in cells after sonication and to identify the key proteins involved in the process of cell apoptosis. Walker 256 carinosarcoma cells were exposed to focused ultrasound (US) at the intensity of 2.0, 7.0, 10.2, 14.2 and 17.0 W/cm2 (I(spta)) for 10 min in vitro and the morphologic and functional changes of the cells were detected by hematoxylin & eosin staining and flow cytometry, with double staining of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI). The protein compositions in the cells after sonication were detected by 2-D SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Our results showed that apoptosis of Walker 256 carinosarcoma cells could be induced by US. The percentage of early apoptosis and secondary necrosis increased with increasing intensity of US irradiation. Comparing with the protein patterns of cells before sonication, it was found that around 420 new protein spots were present in the gel after sonication. Among them, Hsp60 and Bcl-2 like protein 13 were found to be involved in the process of cell apoptosis and US-induced apoptosis of the cells was probably performed through the pathway of promoting the activation of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Min Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Feril LB, Kondo T. Biological effects of low intensity ultrasound: the mechanism involved, and its implications on therapy and on biosafety of ultrasound. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2004; 45:479-489. [PMID: 15635256 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.45.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of low intensity ultrasound (US) in vitro; the mechanisms involved; and the factors that can enhance or inhibit these effects are reviewed. The lowest possible US intensities required to induce cell killing or to produce free radicals were determined. Following sonication in the region of these intensities, the effects of US in combination with either hyperthermia, hypotonia, echo-contrast agents (ECA), CO2, incubation time, high cell density or various agents were examined. The results showed that hyperthermia, hypotonia and microbubbles are good enhancers of the bioeffects, while CO2, incubation time and high cell density are good inhibitors. Cellular membrane damage is pivotal in the events leading to cell death, with the cellular damage-and-repair mechanism as an important determinant of the fate of the damaged cells. The optimal level of apoptosis (with minimal lysis) and optimal gene transfection efficiency were attained using a pulsed low intensity US. In summary, the findings suggest that low intensity US is potentially useful in therapy, while on the other hand, they also call for further investigation of such clinical scenarios as high-grade fever, edema or use of ECA which may lead to the lowering of the threshold for bioeffects with diagnostic US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto B Feril
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Feril LB, Kondo T. Biological effects of low intensity therapeutic ultrasound in vitro: the potentials for therapy and the implications on safety of diagnostic ultrasound. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ics.2004.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yu T, Wang Z, Mason TJ. A review of research into the uses of low level ultrasound in cancer therapy. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2004; 11:95-103. [PMID: 15030786 DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4177(03)00157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2003] [Accepted: 06/09/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of low power ultrasound in therapeutic medicine is a developing field and this review will concentrate on the applications of this technology in cancer therapy. The effects of low power ultrasound have been evaluated in terms of the biological changes induced in the structure and function of tissue. The main fields of study have been in sonodynamic therapy, improving chemotherapy, gene therapy and apoptosis therapy. The range of ultrasonic power levels that can be effectively employed in therapy appears to be narrow and this may have hindered past research in the applications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghe Yu
- Institute of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Feril LB, Tsuda Y, Kondo T, Zhao QL, Ogawa R, Cui ZG, Tsukada K, Riesz P. Ultrasound-induced killing of monocytic U937 cells enhanced by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. Cancer Sci 2004; 95:181-5. [PMID: 14965370 PMCID: PMC11158448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2003] [Revised: 12/03/2003] [Accepted: 12/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) on ultrasound (US)-induced cell killing, human monocytic leukemia cells (U937) were incubated at various temperatures (25.0, 37.0 and 40.0 degrees C) for 1 min in air-saturated phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) containing 50 mM AAPH before exposure to nonthermal 1 MHz US for 1 min at an intensity of 2.0 W/cm(2). Cell viability was determined by means of the Trypan blue dye exclusion test immediately after sonication. Apoptosis was measured after 6-h incubation post-sonication by flow cytometry. Free radicals generated by AAPH, a temperature-dependent free radical generator, or US or both were also investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping. The results showed that US-induced cell lysis and apoptosis were enhanced in the presence of AAPH regardless of the temperature at the time of sonication. At 40.0 degrees C, US alone induced increased cell killing, while AAPH alone is capable of inducing significant but minimal apoptosis at this temperature. Although free radicals were increased in the combined treatment, this increase did not correlate well with cell killing. The mechanism of enhancement points to the increased uptake of the agent during sonication rather than potentiation by AAPH. These findings suggest the clinical potential of temperature-dependent free radical generators in cancer therapy with therapeutic US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto B Feril
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Frairia R, Catalano MG, Fortunati N, Fazzari A, Raineri M, Berta L. High Energy Shock Waves (HESW) Enhance Paclitaxel Cytotoxicity in MCF-7 Cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2003; 81:11-9. [PMID: 14531493 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025477421467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
High energy shock waves (HESW) produced by a piezoelectric generator were studied for their effect on human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) viability and sensitivity to paclitaxel. A dose-dependent impairment of cell viability was observed after HESW treatment (250-2000 shock waves, rate = 4/s, energy flux density = 0.25 mJ/mm2). Single treatment with shock waves produced no significant growth inhibition. Combined exposure to paclitaxel (ranging 0.1 nM to 20 microM) and shock waves (100, 500 and 1000 shots, respectively) resulted in a significant reduction of MCF-7 cell proliferation at day 3 after treatment in respect with cells treated with paclitaxel alone. Notably, a cell viability reduction of about 50% was obtained after combined treatment with HESW and 10 nM paclitaxel, in front of a reduction of only 40% using 10 microM paclitaxel alone. Moreover, an earlier induction as well as an enhancement of apoptotis was observed in cells subjected to combined treatment with shock waves and paclitaxel (200 nM; 20 microM). In conclusion, HESW can enhance paclitaxel cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells, thus allowing the treatment with lower doses of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Frairia
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Clinica, Torino University Medical School, Torino, Italy.
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Feril LB, Kondo T, Ogawa R, Zhao QL. Dose-dependent inhibition of ultrasound-induced cell killing and free radical production by carbon dioxide. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2003; 10:81-84. [PMID: 12551767 DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4177(02)00122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that if a solution for cell suspension is saturated with CO(2), ultrasound-induced in vitro cell killing and free-radical production are inhibited. However, the dose dependency of this observation has not been explored. Here, we used NaHCO(3) and HCl to produce a predictable concentration of CO(2) within the culture medium. Using 1 MHz continuous wave 4 W/cm(2) ultrasound, we sonicated U937 cells suspension for 1 min at 37 degrees C with CO(2) at different concentrations. At 2 mM, reduced cell killing was observed that further decreased with increasing CO(2) concentration until 100% protection was attained at 20 mM. Ultrasound-induced free-radical production was significantly decreased at 1 mM and became undetectable at 2 mM CO(2). This finding shows that CO(2)-mediated inhibition is concentration dependent and that the threshold for free-radical production is one order of magnitude higher than the threshold for cell killing induced by ultrasound. In addition, it also cautions researchers when adding acids and acid-based agents to a culture medium, which almost always contains NaHCO(3), in experiments related to the bioeffects of ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto B Feril
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Feril LB, Kondo T, Zhao QL, Ogawa R, Tachibana K, Kudo N, Fujimoto S, Nakamura S. Enhancement of ultrasound-induced apoptosis and cell lysis by echo-contrast agents. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2003; 29:331-7. [PMID: 12659921 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-5629(02)00700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
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Sound waves and antineoplastic drugs: The possibility of an enhanced combined anticancer therapy. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2002; 29:173-87. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02480848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2002] [Accepted: 05/17/2002] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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