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Dizaj KA, Monfared AS, Mozdarani H, Naeiji A, Razzaghdoust A, Hajian-Tilaki K, Aboufazeli B, Niksirat F, Borzoueisileh S. Combined effect of oral famotidine and cimetidine on the survival of lethally irradiated mice: An in vivo study. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:865-869. [PMID: 34528533 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_349_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aims The study aims at evaluating the effects of the combinatory famotidine/cimetidine diet on radiated mice's survival. Materials and Methods Two hundred and seventy male mice were categorized into 11 groups, a number of which were comprised of subgroups too. The groups under analysis were posed to varying doses of gamma-radiation, including 6, 7, 8, and 9 Gy, followed by treatments using various drug doses 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg, with survival fractions as long as a month after irradiation being measured and recorded. Results LD50/30 was calculated as 7.47 Gy for the group with radiation only. Following mouse treatment with a concentration of 4 and 20 mg/kg for famotidine and cimetidine, respectively, the survival fraction for the mice grew significantly compared to LD50/30. The combinatory famotidine/cimetidine diet had a higher dose-reduction factor (DRF) than single doses of the drug in radioprotection. The DRF for combinatory famotidine/cimetidine, famotidine, and cimetidine diets was 08.09, 1.1, and 1.01, respectively. Conclusions Results imply that the combined regimen of famotidine + cimetidine in radioprotection had no significant higher DRF than with regimens including each of them separately. In addition, we did not find a synergic effect of combined oral famotidine and cimetidine on irradiated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Afsar Dizaj
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Shabestani Monfared
- Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Naeiji
- Radiology Technology Department, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Razzaghdoust
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki
- Department of Statistic and Epidmiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Bahareh Aboufazeli
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Niksirat
- Cancer Research Center; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sajad Borzoueisileh
- Student Research Committee; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Estaphan S, Abdel-Malek R, Rashed L, Mohamed EA. Cimetidine a promising radio-protective agent through modulating Bax/Bcl2 ratio: An in vivo study in male rats. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8495-8506. [PMID: 32324265 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most effective modalities for treatment of neoplastic diseases. Radiation damage is to a large extent caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species. To improve the therapeutic index, identifying effective substances for prevention or treatment of postirradiation intestinal and bone marrow injury should be prompted. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of cimetidine on the in rats exposed to γ-irradiation (5 Gy) and exploring the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)/Bcl2 associated X (bax) pathway as a probable underlying mechanism. Eighteen adult male rats were randomly grouped into three: control, untreated irradiated rats, and irradiated rats pretreated with cimetidine. Seven days postirradiation the rats were culled, the bone marrow (BM) and jejunum tissue samples were collected for biochemical, histological, and immunohistological evaluation of BM cell count (BMCs), intestinal fibrosis, oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor-α, Bcl2, and Bax. Cimetidine pretreatment significantly reversed the loss of BMCs, intestinal lining destruction, and fibrosis seen in the untreated irradiated rats and significantly decreased the underlying oxidative stress, inflammation, and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. There was a significant differential correlation between Bax/Bcl2 ratio, tissue oxidative stress level, and tissue injury. Cimetidine represents a very promising radioprotective agent with a potential differential beneficial effect on both cancer cells (inducing apoptosis) as previously proved through different studies and adjacent healthy cells (providing radioprotection via inhibiting apoptosis) as clearly demonstrated through this study, via its antioxidant effect and subsequent regulation of type 2 apoptotic pathway through modulation of Bax/Bcl2 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Estaphan
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Laila Rashed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Ahmed Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Meleda, KSA.,Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Rahgoshai S, Mohammadi M, Refahi S, Oladghaffari M, Aghamiri S. Protective Effects of IMOD and Cimetidine against Radiation-induced Cellular Damage. J Biomed Phys Eng 2018; 8:133-140. [PMID: 29732348 PMCID: PMC5928304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Radiation damage is to a large extent caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Radioprotectors are agents or substances that reduce the effects of radiation in healthy normal tissues while maintaining the sensitivity to radiation damage in tumor cells. Radioprotectors are agents or substances that reduce the effects of radiation in healthy normal tissues while maintaining the sensitivity to radiation damage in tumor cells Cimetidine was found more effective when used in vivo; this effect might be due to the augmentation of the presence of Sulphur atom in the compound which is ýimportant for their scavenging activity. Recently, a new herbal-based medicine with immunomodulatory capacities, Setarud (IMOD), was introduced as an additional therapy in various inflammatory diseases and HIV infection. IMOD is a mixture of herbal extracts enriched with selenium. Selenium confers protection by inducing or activating cellular free-radical scavenging systems and by enhancing peroxide breakdown. This article suggests that nontoxic amount of IMOD and cimetidine have radioprotective properties and could reduce cytotoxic effects of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rahgoshai
- Department of Medical radiation Science, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Mohammadi
- Department of Medical radiation Science, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Refahi
- Assistant Professor of Medical Physics, Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - M. Oladghaffari
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Research Center, Medical Physics Department, Faculty of medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - S.M.R. Aghamiri
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
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Jiang DW, Wang QR, Shen XR, He Y, Qian TT, Liu Q, Hou DY, Liu YM, Chen W, Ren X, Li KX. Radioprotective effects of cimetidine on rats irradiated by long-term, low-dose-rate neutrons and 60Co γ-rays. Mil Med Res 2017; 4:7. [PMID: 28261494 PMCID: PMC5327571 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-017-0116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cimetidine, an antagonist of histamine type II receptors, has shown protective effects against γ-rays or neutrons. However, there have been no reports on the effects of cimetidine against neutrons combined with γ-rays. This study was carried out to evaluate the protective effects of cimetidine on rats exposed to long-term, low-dose-rate neutron and γ-ray combined irradiation (n-γ LDR). METHODS Fifty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the normal control group, radiation model group, 20 mg/(kg · d) cimetidine group, 80 mg/(kg · d) cimetidine group and 160 mg/(kg · d) cimetidine group (10 rats per group). Except for the normal control group, 40 rats were simultaneously exposed to fission neutrons (252Cf, 0.085 mGy/h) for 22 h every day and γ-rays (60Co, 0.097 Gy/h) for 1.03 h once every three days, and the cimetidine groups were administered intragastrically with cimetidine at doses of 20, 80 and 160 mg/kg each day. Peripheral blood WBC of the rats was counted the day following exposure to γ-rays. The rats were anesthetized and sacrificed on the day following exposure to 252Cf for 28 days. The spleen, thymus, testicle, liver and intestinal tract indexes were evaluated. The DNA content of bone marrow cells and concanavalin A (ConA)-induced lymphocyte proliferation were measured. The frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (fMNPCEs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum and liver tissues were detected. RESULTS The peripheral blood WBC in the cimetidine groups was increased significantly on the 8th day and the 26th day compared with those in the radiation model group. The spleen, thymus and testicle indexes of the cimetidine groups were higher than those of the radiation model group. The DNA content of bone marrow cells and lymphocyte proliferation in the cimetidine groups were increased significantly, and fMNPCE was reduced 1.41-1.77 fold in cimetidine treated groups. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the cimetidine groups were increased significantly, and the content of MDA in the cimetidine groups was decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that cimetidine alleviated damage induced by long-term, low-dose-rate neutron and γ combined irradiation via antioxidation and immunomodulation. Cimetidine might be useful as a potent radioprotector for radiotherapy patients as well as for occupational exposure workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Wen Jiang
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Naval Medical Research Institute, Xiangyin Road 880, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Qing-Rong Wang
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Naval Medical Research Institute, Xiangyin Road 880, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xian-Rong Shen
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Naval Medical Research Institute, Xiangyin Road 880, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Ying He
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Naval Medical Research Institute, Xiangyin Road 880, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Tian-Tian Qian
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Naval Medical Research Institute, Xiangyin Road 880, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Qiong Liu
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Naval Medical Research Institute, Xiangyin Road 880, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Deng-Yong Hou
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Naval Medical Research Institute, Xiangyin Road 880, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yu-Ming Liu
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Naval Medical Research Institute, Xiangyin Road 880, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Wei Chen
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Naval Medical Research Institute, Xiangyin Road 880, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xin Ren
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Naval Medical Research Institute, Xiangyin Road 880, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Ke-Xian Li
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Naval Medical Research Institute, Xiangyin Road 880, Shanghai, 200433 China
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Razzaghdoust A, Mozdarani H, Mofid B. Famotidine as a radioprotector for rectal mucosa in prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy: phase I/II randomized placebo-controlled trial. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 190:739-44. [PMID: 24619016 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute bowel toxicity significantly affects the quality of life of patients treated with pelvic radiotherapy. This study was performed to assess whether pretreatment with famotidine can reduce acute radiation toxicities in patients undergoing radiotherapy for prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between April 2012 and February 2013, 36 patients undergoing radiotherapy for prostate cancer were enrolled to receive either placebo or famotidine. The patients received external-beam radiotherapy up to 70 Gy at daily fractions of 1.8-2 Gy (5 days/week). Oral famotidine 40 mg (80 mg/day) or placebo was administered twice daily (4 and 3 h prior to each radiotherapy fraction). Bowel and bladder acute toxicities were evaluated weekly during radiotherapy and once thereafter according to RTOG grading criteria. RESULTS Famotidine was well tolerated. No grade III or higher acute toxicities were noted in the two groups. Grade II rectal toxicity developed significantly more often in patients receiving placebo than in patients receiving famotidine (10/18 vs. 2/16, p=0.009). Moreover, no rectal bleeding occurred in the famotidine group, while 5 patients in the placebo group experienced rectal bleeding during treatment (p=0.046). The duration of rectal toxicity in the radiotherapy course was also reduced in the famotidine group (15.7 vs. 25.2 days, p=0.027). No significant difference between the two groups was observed in terms of urinary toxicity. CONCLUSION We demonstrated for the first time that famotidine significantly reduces radiation-induced injury on rectal mucosa representing a suitable radioprotector for patients treated with radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Razzaghdoust
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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Mozdarani H. Radioprotective properties of histamine H2 receptor antagonists: present and future prospects. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2003; 44:145-149. [PMID: 13678344 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.44.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Various chemical agents were examined for their radioprotective capability to provide partial protection against radiation injury over the past 50 years. However, no suitable drug has yet been introduced for routine clinical use. In the present study, the radioprotective potential of H2 receptor antagonists was examined in in vivo and in vitro conditions. For this purpose, an in vivo micronucleus assay and an in vitro metaphase analysis were used to test the effects of cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine on radiation-induced clastogenic effects. For micronuclei assay, BALB/c mice were irradiated in the presence or absence of drugs, and slides were prepared from bone marrow cells. The frequency of micronuclei was determined in bone marrow erythrocytes. For the in vitro assay, lymphocytes in whole peripheral blood were exposed to radiation in the presence or absence of drugs, and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations were determined. The results show that radiation produced a high number of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes. All three drugs used in this study effectively reduced the frequency of radiation-induced micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations at various doses. Famotidine was found to be more effective than the other two drugs. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that H2-receptor antagonists reduced the clastogenic effects of radiation with a dose reduction factor (DRF) of 1.5-2 in vivo and in vitro. The way in which these drugs reduce the clastogenic effects of radiation might be via a radical scavenging mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mozdarani
- School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, I.R Iran.
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Niikawa M, Nakamura T, Nagase H. Suppressive effect of aspirin on chromosome aberration induced by mitomycin C in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:964-6. [PMID: 11510496 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome aberrations induced by mitomycin C (MMC) were suppressed by aspirin in a mouse micronucleus test with peripheral blood and bone marrow cells. Aspirin at doses of 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally or per administered orally 0.5, 6, or 24 h after administration of MMC and then peripheral blood and/or bone marrow cells were sampled 48 h after administration of MMC. The suppressive effect of aspirin was more pronounced in the aspirin-treated groups 24 h than 0.5 and 6 h after administration of MMC. In the aspirin-treated group at 24 h, the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei was decreased by about 60-80% after intraperitoneal injection and by about 40-70% after oral administration. It is suggested that aspirin may directly act on MMC metabolites, but not on MMC itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Niikawa
- Ichinomiya Women's Junior College, Japan
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Mozdarani H, Kamali S. Antigenotoxic effects of cimetidine against benzene induced micronuclei in mouse bone marrow erythrocytes. Toxicol Lett 1998; 99:53-61. [PMID: 9801030 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
An in vivo micronucleus assay using Balb/C male mice was used to examine antigenotoxic effects of cimetidine (CM) on benzene (BZN) induced genotoxic effects. CM not only has therapeutic and immunomudolatory role, but it has also been shown to protect bone marrow stem cells from radiation induced clastogenic effects. Therefore, in the present study we attempt to investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms involved in the effects of CM. An 8-week-old male Balb/C mice (22+/-4 g weight) were treated with different doses of BZN (400, 600 and 800 mg/kg body weight), i.p. and sampled at 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment by cervical dislocation. Various doses of CM (10, 15, 30 mg/kg) were used in association with BZN and 1-2 h prior to BZN treatment. Results show that BZN effectively induced micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs). Application of CM led to a significant reduction of micronuclei in PCEs, i.e. 2-fold after 10 mg/kg and 3-fold after 30 mg/kg CM treatment. Results also indicate CM was more effective when used in combination with BZN. Therefore, results indicate that CM could reduce clastogenic effects of BZN. Although further investigations are needed to reveal the mechanistical background behind the effect, the most probable mechanism involved might be free radical scavenging. This mechanism might be associated with amplification of glutathione system and cytochrome P-450 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mozdarani
- School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
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