Sulfation and attrition of calcium sorbent in a bubbling fluidized bed

Modeling based on machine learning to investigate flue gas desulfurization performance by calcium silicate absorbent in a sand bed reactor

Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) is a critical process for reducing sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from industrial sources, particularly power plants. This research uses calcium silicate absorbent in combination with machine learning (ML) to predict SO2 concentration within an FGD process. The collected dataset encompasses four input parameters, specifically relative humidity, absorbent weight, temperature, and time, and incorporates one output parameter, which pertains to the concentration of SO2. Six ML models were developed to estimate the output parameters. Statistical metrics such as the coefficient of determination (R2) and mean squared error (MSE) were employed to identify the most suitable model and assess its fitting effectiveness. The random forest (RF) model emerged as the top-performing model, boasting an R2 of 0.9902 and an MSE of 0.0008. The model's predictions aligned closely with experimental results, confirming its high accuracy. The most suitable hyperparameter values for RF model were found to be 74 for n_estimators, 41 for max_depth, false for bootstrap, sqrt for max_features, 1 for min_samples_leaf, absolute_error for criterion, and 3 for min_samples_split. Three-dimensional surface plots were generated to explore the impact of input variables on SO2 concentration. Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) revealed absorbent weight and time significantly influence SO2 concentration. The integration of ML into FGD modeling offers a novel approach to optimizing the efficiency and effectiveness of this environmentally crucial process.

Experimental study on the reuse of spent rapidly hydrated sorbent for circulating fluidized bed flue gas desulfurization

Rapidly hydrated sorbent, prepared by rapidly hydrating adhesive carrier particles and lime, is a highly effective sorbent for moderate temperature circulating fluidized bed flue gas desulfurization (CFB-FGD) process. The residence time of fine calcium-containing particles in CFB reactors increases by adhering on the surface of larger adhesive carrier particles, which contributes to higher sorbent calcium conversion ratio. The circulation ash of CFB boilers (α-adhesive carrier particles) and the spent sorbent (β and γ-adhesive carrier particles) were used as adhesive carrier particles for producing the rapidly hydrated sorbent. Particle physical characteristic analysis, abrasion characteristics in fluidized bed and desulfurization characteristics in TGA and CFB-FGD systems were investigated for various types of rapidly hydrated sorbent (α, β, and γ-sorbent). The adhesion ability of γ-sorbent was 50.1% higher than that of α-sorbent. The abrasion ratio of β and γ-sorbent was 16.7% lower than that of α-sorbent. The desulfurization abilities of the three sorbent in TGA were almost same. The desulfurization efficiency in the CFB-FGD system was up to 95% at the bed temperature of 750 °C for the β-sorbent.

Preparation of a modified flue gas desulphurization residue and its effect on pot sorghum growth and acidic soil amelioration

A modified flue gas desulphurization residue (MFGDR) was prepared and its effects on sorghum growth and acidic soil amelioration were evaluated in this paper. The MFGDR was prepared by calcining a mixture of dry/semi-dry flue gas desulphurization (FGD) residue from a coal-fired power plant, sorted potash feldspar and/or limestone powder. The available nutrients from the MFGDR were determined with 4.91 wt% K(+), 1.15 wt% Mg(2+), 22.4 wt% Ca(2+), 7.01 wt% Si(4+) and 2.07 wt% SO(4)(2-)-S in 0.1 mol L(-1) citric acid solution. Its pH value was held at 9.60 displaying slightly alkaline. The results of sorghum pot growth in both red and crimson acidic soil for 30 days indicated that adding the MFGDR at a dosage of 2 g kg(-1) in total soil weight would increase the growth rate of biomass by 24.3-149% (wet weight basis) and 47.3-157% (dry weight), the stem length and thickness increase by 5.75-22.1% and 4.76-30.9% in contrast with CK treatment for two test cuttings, respectively. The effect on sorghum growth was attributed to the increase of available nutrients, the enhancement of soil pH value and the reduction of aluminum toxicity in acidic soil due to the addition of the MFGDR. The experimental results also suggested that the MFGDR could be effectively used to ameliorate the acidic soil which is widely distributed throughout the southern China.

Adhesive carrier particles for rapidly hydrated sorbent for moderate-temperature dry flue gas desulfurization

A rapidly hydrated sorbent for moderate-temperature dry flue gas desulfurization was prepared by rapidly hydrating adhesive carrier particles and lime. The circulation ash from a circulating fluidized bed boiler and chain boiler ash, both of which have rough surfaces with large specific surface areas and specific pore volumes, can improve the adhesion, abrasion resistance, and desulfurization characteristics of rapidly hydrated sorbent when used as the adhesive carrier particles. The adhesion ability of sorbent made from circulation ash is 67.4% higher than that of the existing rapidly hydrated sorbent made from fly ash, the abrasion ratio is 76.2% lower, and desulfurization ability is 14.1% higher. For sorbent made from chain boiler ash, the adhesion ability is increased by 74.7%, the desulfurization ability is increased by 30.3%, and abrasion ratio is decreased by 52.4%. The abrasion ratios of the sorbent made from circulation ash having various average diameters were all about 9%, and their desulfurization abilities were similar (approximately 150 mg/g).