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Hoang Quang V, Levecke B, Do Trung D, Devleesschauwer B, Vu Thi Lam B, Goossens K, Polman K, Callens S, Dorny P, Dermauw V. Fasciola spp. in Southeast Asia: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011904. [PMID: 38232120 PMCID: PMC10843148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasciolosis is an emerging public health threat in a number of regions worldwide. To date, we lack an overview of both its occurrence and distribution in Southeast Asia across all actors involved in the life cycle, which impedes the development of disease control measures. Therefore, our objective was to collect recent information on the distribution and the prevalence of Fasciola spp. and the associated risk factors for infection in humans, animals, snails and plant carriers in Southeast Asia. METHODOLOGY Bibliographic and grey literature databases as well as reference lists of important review articles were searched for relevant records published between January 1st, 2000, and June 30th, 2022. The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. A total of 3,887 records were retrieved, of which 100 were included in the final analysis. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The studies focused mainly on one host species (96.0%), with Fasciola spp. infection in animals being the most studied (72.0%), followed by humans (21.0%). Based on the used inclusion and exclusion criteria, reports were retrieved describing the presence of Fasciola spp. infection in seven out of 11 countries in Southeast Asia. Depending on the diagnostic tool applied, the prevalence of Fasciola spp. infection ranged between 0.3% and 66.7% in humans, between 0% and 97.8% in animals, and between 0% and 66.2% in snails. There were no studies reporting the presence of metacercariae on plant carriers. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our study reconfirms that Fasciola spp. infections are widespread and highly prevalent in Southeast Asia, but it remains difficult to accurately assess the true occurrence of Fasciola spp. in absence of well-designed surveys covering all hosts. As next steps we propose to assess the occurrence of the infection across all actors involved in the transmission, to identify associated risk factors and to estimate the burden of the disease to support national and international decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Hoang Quang
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Levecke
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dung Do Trung
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Binh Vu Thi Lam
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kathy Goossens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katja Polman
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Callens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Zapa DMB, Couto LFM, Heller LM, Cavalcante ASDA, Nicaretta JE, Cruvinel LB, Maciel WG, Teixeira WFP, Felippelli G, Gomes LVC, Ferreira LL, Soares VE, da Costa AJ, Borges FDA, Lopes WDZ. Association between fecal egg count and weight gain in young beef cattle. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Thapa Shrestha U, Adhikari N, Kafle S, Shrestha N, Banjara MR, Steneroden K, Bowen R, Rijal KR, Adhikari B, Ghimire P. Effect of deworming on milk production in dairy cattle and buffaloes infected with gastrointestinal parasites in the Kavrepalanchowk district of central Nepal. Vet Rec Open 2020; 7:e000380. [PMID: 32153784 PMCID: PMC7045067 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2019-000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Nepal, knowledge of proper handling, management and causes of cattle diseases is still limited. The main objective of this study was to explore the impact of deworming on milk production and its effect on milk qualities. Methods A total of 200 faecal samples (100 buffaloes and 100 cows) were collected and analysed for parasitic burden. Half of the infected cattle (buffaloes, Bos bubalis; cow native, B indicus; European, B taurus) were then dewormed with Levamisole Hydrochloride-Oxyclozanide bolus, and the remaining 50 per cent were left untreated. The milk yield from both infected and dewormed cattle was recorded for 30 days and the qualities of milk were analysed. Results The prevalence of parasitic infection was found to be 22.0 per cent. Fasciola hepatica was the predominant parasite (81.8 per cent), followed by Toxocara vitulorum (34.1 per cent), Strongyloidespapillosus (6.8 per cent) and Bunostomum phlebotomum (4.5 per cent). The average milk yield (litre/day/cow) significantly increased, which was 1.22 litres per day for treated cows and 1.06 litres for treated buffaloes. The intervention effect of deworming among cows was 0.79 (14.06 per cent increment) and for buffaloes was 0.42 (8.32 per cent increment). After deworming the infected cattle, the protein percentage was significantly improved in cows (P=0.035), whereas the lactose percentage and solid percentage had increased significantly in buffaloes (P=0.002 and P=0.028). Conclusion Antiparasitic treatment in cattle had positive effects on milk qualities such as solid non-fat, lactose, solid percentage and total protein percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Thapa Shrestha
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal.,Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Sanepa, Lalitpur, Nepal.,Department of Microbiology, Kantipur College of Medical Science, Sitapaila, Nepal
| | - Nabaraj Adhikari
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal.,Department of Microbiology, Kantipur College of Medical Science, Sitapaila, Nepal
| | - Samarpan Kafle
- Department of Microbiology, Kantipur College of Medical Science, Sitapaila, Nepal
| | - Nabaraj Shrestha
- Regional Directorates of Livestock Services, Birendranagar, Nepal
| | - Megha Raj Banjara
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Katie Steneroden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Komal Raj Rijal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Bipin Adhikari
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prakash Ghimire
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
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Mochankana ME, Robertson ID. Cross-sectional prevalence of Fasciola gigantica infections in beef cattle in Botswana. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1355-1363. [PMID: 29700731 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and distribution of Fasciola gigantica infections in communally grazed and ranch-grazed beef cattle through coprological examination. A total of 8646 cattle (4618 adults, 2843 weaners and 1185 calves) faecal samples were collected during the 24 months of study. Results from this study indicated that only 64 (0.74%; 95% CI 0.57, 0.94%) of the samples were positive for F. gigantica eggs. The positive samples were detected in one (Central) of the six study districts and was restricted to the Tuli Block (commercial) farms in Machaneng village in eastern Botswana. The prevalence of fluke eggs was significantly higher in adult cattle (12.85%; 95% CI 9.72, 16.54%) than weaners (6.49%; 95% CI 3.40, 11.06%) and calves (0.79%; 95% CI 0.02, 4.31%), (χ2(2) = 19.01, p < 0.001). Thus, adults (OR = 18.57; 95% CI 2.54, 135.81%) were approximately 20 times more likely to be infected than calves. By taking liver inspection as a gold standard for diagnosis of fasciolosis, the sensitivity of the sedimentation technique was found to be 72.41% and the specificity 100%, with moderate relationship (κ = 0.53; 95% CI 0.31-0.75) between the two methods. This study has demonstrated that infection of cattle from Botswana, with F. gigantica, was low and distribution of the fluke appeared to be linked to suitable environmental conditions for the intermediate host snail. However, detailed surveillance studies, involving more cattle and areas, are required to verify the true prevalence. Such information would assist in the design of appropriate, strategic and effective fluke control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ernest Mochankana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia. .,Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Content Farm, Sebele, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Ian D Robertson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
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Nguyen NT, LE TC, Vo MDC, VAN Cao H, Nguyen LT, Ho KT, Nguyen QN, Tran VQ, Matsumoto Y. High prevalence of cattle fascioliasis in coastal areas of Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1035-1042. [PMID: 28458272 PMCID: PMC5487779 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Vietnam, especially central Vietnam, patients with fascioliasis are increasingly being
reported. Since the fascioliasis is zoonotic, survey on the cattle fascioliasis should be
informative for the control of human fascioliasis. In this study, the prevalence of cattle
fascioliasis as well as the density of the intermediate host snails, Lymnaea
swinhoei and L. viridis, were studied in Thua Thien Hue (TTH)
province during 2014–2015. A total of 572 cattle feces were examined from 27 communes in 9
districts. Fasciola eggs were detected in cattle from 24 communes with an
average prevalence of 23.4% (134/ 572). The highest prevalence was detected in cattle in
the coastal plain terrain (31.0%) followed by plain (25.5%), mountain (21.7%), and low
hilly (16.2%) terrains. The highest proportion of heavy infection (>200 EPG) was
observed in the coastal plain terrain (36.1%), followed by mountains (20.0%), low hills
(13.0%), and plains (8.9%). Low number of heavy infection, as well as relatively low
prevalence in low hills and plains were associated with the extensive use of anti-fluke
treatments. High number of intermediate host snails in low hilly and plain terrains also
indicate high risk of fascioliasis. In this study, the density of Lymnaea
snails in the coastal plain terrain was found to be very high (17.3 snails/m2)
compared to that in previous studies. This is the first report indicating the recent
expansion of cattle fascioliasis in the coastal region in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Thi Nguyen
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Parasitology and Infectious disease, Graduate School of Agricultural and Forestry, Hue University, 24 Phung Hung street, Hue city, Vietnam
| | - Thinh Cong LE
- Department of Immunology and Vaccine, Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Phu Thuong Commune, Phu Vang district, Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam
| | - Minh Duc Co Vo
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Parasitology and Infectious disease, Graduate School of Agricultural and Forestry, Hue University, 24 Phung Hung street, Hue city, Vietnam
| | - Hoang VAN Cao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Parasitology and Infectious disease, Graduate School of Agricultural and Forestry, Hue University, 24 Phung Hung street, Hue city, Vietnam
| | - Ly Thi Nguyen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Parasitology and Infectious disease, Graduate School of Agricultural and Forestry, Hue University, 24 Phung Hung street, Hue city, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Thi Ho
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Parasitology and Infectious disease, Graduate School of Agricultural and Forestry, Hue University, 24 Phung Hung street, Hue city, Vietnam
| | - Quyet Ngoc Nguyen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Parasitology and Infectious disease, Graduate School of Agricultural and Forestry, Hue University, 24 Phung Hung street, Hue city, Vietnam
| | - Vui Quang Tran
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Parasitology and Infectious disease, Graduate School of Agricultural and Forestry, Hue University, 24 Phung Hung street, Hue city, Vietnam
| | - Yasunobu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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de Cezaro MC, Tvarijonaviciute A, Tecles F, Céron JJ, Eckersall DP, Ferreira JCP, Schmidt EMS. Changes in biochemical analytes in calves infected by nematode parasites in field conditions. Vet Parasitol 2016; 219:1-6. [PMID: 26921032 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infections caused by nematodes are a major problem in bovines that resulting in losses in animal health and production. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate alterations in selected serum biochemical analytes in calves naturally infected with gastrointestinal (GI) and pulmonary nematodes without clinical signs. For this, samples of feces and blood of 86 calves were collected. Fecal egg counts (FEC) were determined using the modified McMaster technique with a sensitivity of 50 eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Positive nematode FEC was processed for coproculture using pooled samples to identify Strongylidae infective larvae (L3). First stage-larvae (L1) of Dictyocaulus viviparous were identified by a modified Baermann method. The biochemical analytes determined were: acute phase proteins such as haptoglobin and paraoxonase type 1; the enzymes acetylcholinesterase; butyrylcholinesterase; the lipid profile (triglycerides and total, HDL, and LDL-cholesterol); serum iron profile (iron and unsaturated iron-binding capacity); total protein and albumin; pancreatic profile (amylase and lipase); and minerals (phosphorus and calcium). The calves were divided into four groups according to the results of EPG and the modified Baermann method. Group 1: healthy control animals (n=16); Group 2: calves with only GI parasites (n=51): This group was sub-divided into sub-groups according to the EPG threshold: 2a-GI parasites with low EPG (n=23), and 2b-GI parasites with high EPG (n=28). Group 3: animals with only lungworms (n=5), and Group 4: calves with lung+GI parasites (n=14). The more prevalent genera in all coprocultures were: Cooperia spp., Haemonchus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the groups and Dunn's post-test was used for multiple comparisons as the data was not normally distributed (P<0.05). The haptoglobin concentration increased in calves with GI and pulmonary parasites. A significant increase in acetylcholinesterase was observed in calves infected with lungworms. Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL concentrations decreased but lipase concentration increased in calves with GI parasites. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of the biochemical effects produced by nematode parasites in calves in field conditions. These findings in calves without any evident clinical signs of disease could provide an indication of GI parasites and lungworm infection, especially in an endemic area for these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela C de Cezaro
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP), Campus of Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - José J Céron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - David P Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - João C P Ferreira
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP), Campus of Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth M S Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP), Campus of Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Madsen H, Dung BT, The DT, Viet NK, Dalsgaard A, Van PT. The role of rice fields, fish ponds and water canals for transmission of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in aquaculture ponds in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:625. [PMID: 26642755 PMCID: PMC4672484 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT), such as Clonorchis sinensis, Opistorchis viverini (Opisthorchiidae) and intestinal trematodes of the family Heterophyidae, constitute a public health hazard in Vietnam and infections with these trematodes has been linked to consumption of raw or undercooked fish from aquaculture. The FZT transmission pathways, however, are more complicated than just the presence of intermediate snail hosts in aquaculture ponds as ponds may exchange water with surrounding habitats such as rice fields and irrigation canals and thereby these surrounding habitats may be a source of snails and cercariae and contribute to FZT infection in cultured fish. Methods This is a longitudinal descriptive study on selected farms (n = 30) in Nam Dinh Province which is endemic for FZT. At each farm, we sampled one pond, a small irrigation canal used to supply the pond with water, and a nearby rice field. At each of these three sites, we estimated the density of the FZT intermediate snail hosts and determined their trematode infection status. Comparative analysis was performed for the prevalence and density of FZT infections in fish and snails. Results Species of the Thiaridae, and most notably Melanoides tuberculata, the most important host species for FZT belonging to the Heterophyidae, were particularly abundant in ponds and small canals, i.e. M. tuberculata was found in 27 ponds and 13 small canals. Bithynia fuchsiana, a potential host for both Heterophyidae and Opisthorchiidae, was rarely found in fish ponds but common in rice fields. A total of 12 types of cercariae were found in the snails and pleurolophocercous cercariae, primarily FZT, constituted about 40 % of all cercarial infections. The fish species cultured were mainly carp species and Haplorchis pumilio was the dominating trematode species infecting fish. Clonorchis spp. were not recorded in any of the ponds. FZT transmission to fish was intense during the summer period (May-June to November) but less intense during the winter months (December-January) partly because cercarial emergence ceases due to the low temperature. Conclusion Our findings highlight the complexity of FZT transmission within aquaculture farm settings and suggest that efforts to control these infections must take a holistic approach using interventions against all stages of the transmission cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Madsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Bui Thi Dung
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Dang Tat The
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | | | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Phan Thi Van
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, Tu Son, Vietnam.
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Abstract
Vietnam is recognized to be endemic for fasciolosis. However, most of the available publications have not been published in international journals. This review is based on national and international Vietnamese publications and highlights the current status of fasciolosis in Vietnam. It also provides some information available for neighbouring countries. Updated data on responsible species, distribution, transmission and control aspects are summarized. The central region of Vietnam is reported as being highly endemic for fasciolosis, with a high number of human patients (more than 20,000 in 2011). Fasciola gigantica is reported to be the main species in Vietnam. However, hybrids between F. gigantica and F. hepatica were identified. Both humans and animals are infected by the ingestion of raw vegetables and possibly contaminated drinking water. Three lymnaeid snail species (Austropeplea viridis, Radix auricularia and Radix rubiginosa) may act as intermediate hosts of Fasciola spp. However, due to the likely misidentification of snail species and cercariae during the past decade the critical analysis of published data is difficult. A better understanding of transmission aspects of fasciolosis would allow the implementation of preventive measures of this important neglected zoonotic disease.
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Dorny P, Devleesschauwer B, Stoliaroff V, Sothy M, Chea R, Chea B, Sourloing H, Samuth S, Kong S, Nguong K, Sorn S, Holl D, Vercruysse J. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Toxocara vitulorum Infections in Buffalo and Cattle Calves in Three Provinces of Central Cambodia. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2015; 53:197-200. [PMID: 25925178 PMCID: PMC4416378 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and associated risk factors of Toxocara vitulorum infection in buffalo and cattle calves was studied in 3 provinces in central Cambodia. Fecal samples were collected from 517 calves between the age of 1-15 weeks and processed for nematode egg counts by a modified McMaster method. A total of 64 calves were found to excrete T. vitulorum eggs in their feces (12.4%; 95% exact CI: 9.7-15.5). The mean fecal egg count was 2,798 EPG (SD=16,351; range=0-224,400). A multivariable generalized linear mixed model showed higher odds of T. vitulorum infection for buffalo versus cattle, for animals aged 4-8 weeks versus younger and older ones, and for animals with strongyle infection. There was no association with fecal consistency. Farmers should be aware of the potential impact of T. vitulorum , and treat their calves at the age of 2-3 weeks with anthelmintics such as benzimidazoles or pyrantel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Dorny
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Valérie Stoliaroff
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Meas Sothy
- Division of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rortana Chea
- Division of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Bunthon Chea
- Division of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hor Sourloing
- Division of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sum Samuth
- Division of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Seth Kong
- Division of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Koemseang Nguong
- Division of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - San Sorn
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Davun Holl
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Jozef Vercruysse
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
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Toxocara vitulorum in a suckling calf: a case study. J Parasit Dis 2015; 40:1330-1331. [PMID: 27876941 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-015-0682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present clinical case reports toxocariosis in a suckling calf and its management. One and a half month old crossbred Jersey calf was presented at a Veterinary Clinics, District Pulwama, Kashmir with a history of intermittent diarrhea, poor growth, weakness, moderate dehydration and anorexia. On inspection, the calf showed normal physiological parameters viz; body temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate. On faecal examination, eggs of Toxocara vitulorum were found. The animal was treated with 30 ml suspension of 1.5 % fenbendazole + 0.5 % praziquantel orally. After examination of faecal samples on 7th and 14th day post treatment no T. vitulorum eggs were observed.
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The transmission of Fasciola spp. to cattle and contamination of grazing areas with Fasciola eggs in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:691-6. [PMID: 24510222 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
At four times during November 2010, cattle with infections of Fasciola spp., in two communes of northern Vietnam, were allocated to two equivalent groups. Cattle in one group were treated with triclabendazole. Faecal samples collected monthly from both groups were tested for Fasciola copro-antigens and the presence of Fasciola eggs. Re-infection of treated cattle occurred from early March to late November, coinciding with high weekly totals of rainfall. Contamination of grazing areas by untreated cattle was high and relatively constant throughout the year. However, contamination was reduced to undetectable amounts for 8 to 12 weeks after treatment and even at 20 weeks was only 50% or less of the pre-treatment amounts. Therefore, treatments given in mid-September and again in early April, at the start of the wet season, may be sufficient to prevent contamination of grazing areas and reduce the prevalence and severity of Fasciola infections in cattle.
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Huang CC, Wang LC, Pan CH, Yang CH, Lai CH. Investigation of gastrointestinal parasites of dairy cattle around Taiwan. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 47:70-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Carrique-Mas JJ, Bryant JE. A review of foodborne bacterial and parasitic zoonoses in Vietnam. ECOHEALTH 2013; 10:465-89. [PMID: 24162798 PMCID: PMC3938847 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-013-0884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vietnam has experienced unprecedented economic and social development in recent years, and the livestock sector is undergoing significant transformations. Although food animal production is still dominated by small-scale 'backyard' enterprises with mixed crop-livestock or livestock-aquatic systems, there is a trend towards more intensive and vertically integrated operations. Changes in animal production, processing and distribution networks for meat and animal products, and the shift from wet markets to supermarkets will undoubtedly impact food safety risks in Vietnam in unforeseen and complex ways. Here, we review the available published literature on bacterial and parasitic foodborne zoonoses (FBZ) in Vietnam. We report on clinical disease burden and pathogen prevalence in animal reservoirs for a number of important FBZ, and outline opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Carrique-Mas
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1, Dist.5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,
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Rast L, Lee S, Nampanya S, Toribio JALML, Khounsy S, Windsor PA. Prevalence and clinical impact of Toxocara vitulorum in cattle and buffalo calves in northern Lao PDR. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:539-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Nguyen S, Amer S, Ichikawa M, Itagaki T, Fukuda Y, Nakai Y. Molecular identification of Fasciola spp. (Digenea: Platyhelminthes) in cattle from Vietnam. Parasite 2012; 19:85-9. [PMID: 22314245 PMCID: PMC3671424 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2012191085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola spp. were collected from naturally infected cattle at a local abattoir of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, for morphological and genetic investigations. Microscopic examination detected no sperm cells in the seminal vesicles, suggesting a parthenogenetic reproduction of the flukes. Analyses of sequences from the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of the ribosomal RNA revealed that 13 out of 16 isolates were of Fasciola gigantica type, whereas three isolates presented a hybrid sequence from F. gigantica and Fasciola hepatica. Interestingly, all the mitochondrial sequences (partial COI and NDI) were of F. gigantica type, suggesting that the maternal lineage of the hybrid form is from F. gigantica. No intra-sequence variation was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nguyen
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Field Centre studies, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
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16
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Dorny P, Stoliaroff V, Charlier J, Meas S, Sorn S, Chea B, Holl D, Van Aken D, Vercruysse J. Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes, Fasciola and Paramphistomum in cattle in Cambodia and their association with morbidity parameters. Vet Parasitol 2011; 175:293-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Bovine fasciolosis in the human fasciolosis hyperendemic Binh Dinh province in Central Vietnam. Acta Trop 2011; 117:19-22. [PMID: 20920452 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey on bovine fasciolosis was conducted in the Binh Dinh province of Central Vietnam that was previously identified as hyperendemic for human fasciolosis. In Vietnam, both pure Fasciola gigantica and hybrid and/or introgressed populations of liverflukes bearing genetic material from both Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica infect humans and animals. In this study, 825 cattle were randomly selected from 8 of the 11 provincial districts for faecal collection; blood samples were taken from 400 of these animals. Fasciola eggs and antibodies against Fasciola were detected by a quantitative sedimentation method and an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, respectively. Overall, 54.9% of the animals were shedding Fasciola eggs while 72.2% were Fasciola seropositive. Animals under two years showed lower Fasciola infection rates than older animals. There were no differences in infection rates between districts. These results indicate a very high prevalence of Fasciola infections in cattle in Binh Dinh province. It is concluded that a fasciolosis control programme should be designed in this region aiming at reducing infection in both cattle and humans.
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Monthly changes in body condition scores and internal parasite prevalence in Nguni, Bonsmara and Angus steers raised on sweetveld. Trop Anim Health Prod 2009; 41:1169-77. [PMID: 19137408 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-008-9297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine monthly changes in body condition scores, body weights and on the prevalence of internal parasites in Nguni, Bonsmara and Angus steers raised on sweetveld. Body condition scores (BCS), body weights (BW), packed cell volume (PCV) and monthly faecal egg counts (FEC) were determined in 25 Nguni, 15 Bonsmara and 15 Angus steers. Nguni and Bonsmara steers maintained their body condition throughout the study, while the Angus lost condition. The Nguni had the highest PCV levels. The PCV levels tended to decline during the rainy season for all the breeds. The FEC were generally low. Fasciola spp. and strongyle eggs were found in 16.3 and 54.6% of the collected faecal samples, respectively. Of the three breeds, Nguni steers had the lowest parasite infestation levels, with the Bonsmara being more susceptible than the other two breeds. Generally, the egg counts observed throughout the study were low.
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Itagaki T, Sakaguchi K, Terasaki K, Sasaki O, Yoshihara S, Van Dung T. Occurrence of spermic diploid and aspermic triploid forms of Fasciola in Vietnam and their molecular characterization based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Parasitol Int 2008; 58:81-5. [PMID: 19087891 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola spp. found in Asian countries are diversified in nature, and they should therefore be characterized by spermatogenesis, ploidy and genetic differentiation as well as morphology. The present study showed that spermic diploid and aspermic triploid forms of Fasciola occurred in Vietnam. The spermic diploid specimens were accurately identified as F. gigantica, while the aspermic triploids could not be identified on the basis of their morphology by the ratio of body length and width and DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS1 and mitochondrial NDI and COI genes. The molecular data also indicated that Vietnamese aspermic triploids might be hybrids and/or their offspring between Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, because they showed the ITS1-Fh/Fg haplotype, which had chimeric sequences of the two species. Furthermore, the aspermic triploids seem to have originated in countries other than Vietnam and to have rapidly spread to that country with infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Itagaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
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Geurden T, Somers R, Thanh NTG, Vien LV, Nga VT, Giang HH, Dorny P, Giao HK, Vercruysse J. Parasitic infections in dairy cattle around Hanoi, northern Vietnam. Vet Parasitol 2008; 153:384-8. [PMID: 18328629 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In northern Vietnam, dairy cattle are mainly managed in small-scale farms, where animals are kept confined and feeding occurs by cut and carry methods. In the present study the occurrence of parasitic infections was examined in five provinces around Hanoi. A total of 201 farms were visited, and 334 stool and 239 blood samples were collected from calves younger than 3 months, animals between 3 and 24 months and adult cows. Furthermore, 254 milk samples were collected from lactating animals. Coproscopical examination indicated a high prevalence of nematode eggs (Cooperia spp., Haemonchus and Oesophagostomum spp.) in animals (n=176) between 3 and 24 months (66%) and in adult cows (n=90; 54%). In these age groups the prevalence of Fasciola was 28% and 39%, respectively, and for Paramphistomum the prevalence was 78% and 82%, respectively. Fifty percent of the calves younger than 3 months (n=68) were positive for Giardia, and none for Cryptosporidium. Most Giardia isolates were identified as the non-zoonotic G. duodenalis assemblage E on the beta-giardin gene. The blood samples were examined with commercially available Svanovir((R))Elisa's for the presence of Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina specific antibodies, and a prevalence of 28% and 54% was found, respectively. In the milk samples Neospora caninum specific antibodies (Svanovir((R))Elisa) were detected in 30% of the lactating animals. The present study demonstrates that parasitic infections occur frequently in dairy cattle around Hanoi although animals are mainly kept confined, and indicates that further research on the economic impact of these infections is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Geurden
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Suzuki K, Kanameda M, Tachibana S, Ogawa T, Dang TTS, Pfeiffer DU. Temporal dynamics of dairy health and production in rural smallholder communities in Northern Vietnam. Trop Anim Health Prod 2006; 38:415-29. [PMID: 17165613 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-006-4336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this field study was to describe the temporal pattern of dairy cattle health and production and associated risk factors in rural small-holder communities in northern Vietnam, one of the target areas of the government's dairy development programme. A total of 99 dairy farms (11 per commune) were recruited from 9 of 32 communes in Ba Vi District, Ha Tay Province, using random two-stage cluster sampling. All dairy cattle present on the selected farms were included. After the initial questionnaire survey was conducted, farms were visited to collect follow-up information at 3-monthly intervals over a period of one year. The results suggest that offtake as well as mortality are important productivity indices because farmers sell or slaughter dairy cattle that are in poor health at low prices during summer months. Changes in relation to the farming operation suggest that for the farmers adopting dairy production it has become one of the main agricultural activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts., AL9 7TA, UK.
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Suzuki K, Kanameda M, Inui K, Ogawa T, Nguyen VK, Dang TTS, Pfeiffer DU. A longitudinal study to identify constraints to dairy cattle health and production in rural smallholder communities in Northern Vietnam. Res Vet Sci 2006; 81:177-84. [PMID: 16481015 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2005] [Revised: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate constraints to dairy cattle health and production in rural smallholder communities in northern Vietnam, one of the target areas of the Vietnam government's dairy development programme. A total of 99 dairy farms (11 per commune) were recruited from 9 of 32 communes in Ba Vi District, using random two-stage cluster sampling. After the initial questionnaire interviews were conducted, farms were visited at three monthly intervals over a period of 1 year. Information on several health and production parameters relating to the study cattle was collected. Using multiple indicator modelling, it was found that Fasciola infestation, farmers who had been involved in dairying for longer (not indicative of better management skills), larger herd size, and cattle being kept in a shed were linked to reduced reproductive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK.
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Shirai W, Sato T, Shibuya H, Naito K, Tsukise A. Anatomicopathological Study of Vascular and Biliary Systems Using Cast Samples of Fasciola-infected Bovine Livers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 53:239-45. [PMID: 16737513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
In 117 livers with fascioliasis, this study was focused on the number of Fasciola, the number and intrahepatic localization of affected hepatic ducts and bile ducts, and the degree of fibrosis in the hepatic segments and bile ducts. The degree of pathological changes in bile ducts caused by fascioliasis was classified into five levels. The site of Fasciola habitation was most often the hepatic ducts of the porta hepatis: it was the left hepatic duct in 101 livers and the right hepatic duct in 88 livers. Casts were prepared by infusing synthetic resin into the hepatic arterial, portal, hepatic venous and biliary systems of 15 bovine livers with fascioliasis and then examined. In the left lobe, quadrate lobe, and caudate process where atrophic fibrosis was noted, the bile ducts became rod-shaped by losing branches, and the samples resembled dead branches of liver. Portal branches were thinned or completely terminated with marked fibrosis. Fine and irregular newly formed bile ducts not parallel with portal branches were observed in livers with markedly chronic fascioliasis. Distal portal branches in the right lobe, caudate lobe, and papillary process showed hypertrophic proliferative changes. The arterial system was generally well developed in thickened walls of bile ducts and formed vascular beds, and surrounded the bile ducts as tubes. In livers with severe fibrosis, capillaries were markedly developed and resembled glass cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shirai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Suzuki K, Kanameda M, Ogawa T, Nguyen T, Dang T, Luu Q, Pfeiffer D. Productivity and socio-economic profile of dairy cattle farmers amongst rural smallholder communities in northern Vietnam. Livest Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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