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Attia MM, Saad MF, Salaeh NMK, Salem MA, El-Gameel SM, Soliman SM, Khalf MA, Ramadan RM. Evaluation of the cytokines response in buffaloes focused on its milk as a newly emerging indicator tracing for toxocariasis. Microb Pathog 2022; 170:105717. [PMID: 35988881 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the immune responses and oxidative stress provoked by Toxocara vitulorum infection in buffaloes with special reference to milk parameters as an emerging tool. The use of the milk tool was reported for the first time in tracing T. vitulorum infection in Egyptian buffaloes. Intestine, milk, serum, and liver samples were gathered from flocks in Cairo and Giza districts to evaluate buffalo immune responses provoked by T. vitulorum. The compositional items and somatic cells of milk were monitored. The intestine and milk were evaluated for interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction protocol and the analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress marker. The mean percentages for the total solids, fats, proteins, lactose, salts, pH, and somatic cell count/ml in positive samples were 11.23 ± 0.37, 5.1 ± 0.17, 4.44 ± 0.14, 3.9 ± 0.14, 0.81 ± 0.02, 6.8 ± 0.22, and 4.23 × 106± 1.41 × 105 cells/ml, respectively. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the mean values of compositional items except for the total protein %, salts %, and pH. For T. vitulorum-contaminated samples, the milk IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA (nmol/ml) were 7 ± 0.23, 18 ± 0.6, 17 ± 0.56, and 3.7 ± 0.12, respectively (which were less than the values for intestinal cytokines). There is a statistical difference (p < 0.05) between positive and negative samples in the intestinal, milk cytokines, and MDA. This study is an initial investigation of the utilization of intestine and milk cytokines in the evaluation of buffalo toxocariasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Attia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O Box, 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mena F Saad
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nagla M K Salaeh
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Mai A Salem
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O Box, 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sohila M El-Gameel
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O Box, 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Soliman M Soliman
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Khalf
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O Box, 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reem M Ramadan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O Box, 12211, Giza, Egypt
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Biswas H, Roy BC, Dutta PK, Hasan MM, Parvin S, Choudhury DK, Begum N, Talukder MH. Prevalence and risk factors of Toxocara vitulorum infection in buffalo calves in coastal, northeastern and northwestern regions of Bangladesh. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021; 26:100656. [PMID: 34879928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is popularly known as the black gold of South Asia, consisting of 97% of the world buffalo population. Among the parasitic infections, Toxocara vitulorum is one of the most common and harmful parasites of buffalo calves in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the prevalence and associated risk factors of T. vitulorum infection of buffalo calves in four regions of Bangladesh. A total of 1751 fecal samples were collected and examined using flotation followed by the McMaster technique for counting the eggs per gram of feces (EPG) of T. vitulorum. The overall prevalence of T. vitulorum infection in buffalo calves was 22.9%. Significantly (p < 0.001) higher prevalence was found in the Barishal coastal area (35.7%) followed by Chattogram coastal area (29.2%), northeastern region (15.5%) and northwestern region (8.3%). Buffalo calves aged 1-3 months were heavily infected with T. vitulorum (51.7%) which was statistically different (p < 0.001) compared to those >3-6 months (27.6%) and > 6-12 months (6.5%). According to univariate analysis, coastal regions, rainy season, young age, gender, indigenous river type, buffalo calves with poor body condition and soft feces were found significantly associated with T. vitulorum infections. Coastal regions, rainy season and young age were identified as the risk factors of T. vitulorum infection in buffalo calves by final logistic regression model. This study reveals that T. vitulorum infection is endemic in Bangladesh and widely distributed in the coastal regions. Therefore, attention to buffalo calves regarding in-depth clinical effects and current therapeutic approaches against this nematode should be evaluated along with the economic impact of infection. Exploring the genetic diversity of T. vitulorum may help to reveal the host-parasite relationship in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiranmoy Biswas
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Babul Chandra Roy
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Shanaz Parvin
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Dipok Kumar Choudhury
- Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Nurjahan Begum
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Silva DTD, Alves ML, Spada JCP, Silveira RDCVD, Oliveira TMFDS, Starke-Buzetti WA. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells in the intestinal wall of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:430-438. [PMID: 30517421 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease caused by the protozoa Leishmania infantum and can cause an inflammatory reaction in the gastrointestinal tract, however the role of granulocytic cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells) in the intestine of dogs infected is not fully understood. We performed a quantitative analysis these cells in the intestinal wall of dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Twenty dogs were assigned to one of three groups: group 1 (G1, n=8), dogs with CVL and L. infantum amastigotes in the intestine; group 2 (G2, n=9), dogs with CVL but without intestinal amastigotes; and group 3 (G3, n=3), uninfected dogs (control group). Granulocytic cells were counted in the crypt-villus unit (mucosa), submucosa, and muscle layer of the intestinal mucosa. Cell counts were higher in the intestinal wall of dogs from G2 followed by G1 and G3 (p≤0.05). In G1, there was a low inverse correlation between parasite burden of the small intestine and granulocyte counts (r= -0.1, p≤0.01). However, in G2 dogs, mast cell and eosinophil numbers showed positive correlation (r=0.85, p≤0.01). The granulocytic cell hyperplasia observed in the intestine of L. infantum-infected dogs suggests that these cells may be involved in the cell-mediated immune response for parasite elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Tiago da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia e Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Luana Alves
- Departamento de Biologia e Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Júlio Cesar Pereira Spada
- Departamento de Biologia e Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa Oliveira
- Programa de Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos e Ciência Animal - FZEA, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Wilma Aparecida Starke-Buzetti
- Departamento de Biologia e Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
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Evaluation of the transcription of interleukin-12 in the intestinal mucosa of mice subjected to experimental toxocariasis and supplemented with Saccharomyces boulardii. Vet Parasitol 2017; 242:59-62. [PMID: 28606326 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rast L, Lee S, Nampanya S, Toribio JALML, Khounsy S, Windsor PA. Prevalence and clinical impact of Toxocara vitulorum in cattle and buffalo calves in northern Lao PDR. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:539-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of the Alimentary Tract. JUBB, KENNEDY & PALMER'S PATHOLOGY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS 2007. [PMCID: PMC7155580 DOI: 10.1016/b978-070202823-6.50096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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