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Kiriyanthan RM, Radha A, Pandikumar P, Azhahianambi P, Madan N, Ignacimuthu S. Growth inhibitory effect of selected quinones from Indian medicinal plants against Theileria annulata. Exp Parasitol 2023; 254:108622. [PMID: 37758051 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Tropical Bovine Theileriosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria annulata, poses a significant threat to cattle populations. Currently, Buparvaquone is the sole effective naphthoquinone drug commercially available for its treatment. In our research, we delved into the potential of naturally occurring quinones as alternative treatments. We isolated two quinones, emodin and chrysophanol, from Rheum emodi Wall, and two more, embelin and lawsone, from Embelia ribes Burm.f. and Lawsonia inermis L. respectively. We assessed the anti-Theileria efficacy of these quinones in vitro using MTT and flow cytometric assays on T. annulata-infected bovine lymphocytes. Additionally, we evaluated their safety on uninfected bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) and Vero cells. Emodin emerged as a promising candidate, exhibiting an IC50 value of 4 μM, surpassing that of buparvaquone. Emodin also displayed relatively low LD50 values of 1.74 mM against uninfected PBMC and 0.87 mM against Vero cells, suggesting potential safety. Remarkably, emodin demonstrated a high cell absorption rate of 71.32%. While emodin's efficacy and bioavailability are encouraging, further research is imperative to validate its safety and effectiveness for treating Tropical Bovine Theileriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mary Kiriyanthan
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women's College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600108, India
| | - A Radha
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women's College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600108, India.
| | - Perumal Pandikumar
- Xavier Research Foundation, St Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, 627 002, India
| | - Palavesam Azhahianambi
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600 051, India
| | - N Madan
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600 051, India
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Titus EE, Palavesam A, Rajaram SM, Perumal P, Darwin SS, Sanmugapriya NK, Janarthanam G, Muthusamy R. In vitro efficacy of plumbagin and thymol against Theileria annulata. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:152-160. [PMID: 36910313 PMCID: PMC9998759 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical compounds, plumbagin and thymol were evaluated for their efficacy against Theileria annulata using MTT cell viability assay. Plumbagin and thymol were found to be effective in preventing the proliferation of Theileria annulata infected bovine lymphocytes. The IC50 values of plumbagin and thymol were 0.019 µM and 0.009 µM, respectively. Plumbagin and thymol were found to be non-cytotoxic to the bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, both the compounds were found to have inhibitory effect on vero cell proliferation. Plumbagin had primarily anti-theilerial activity but thymol had primarily anti-mitotic activity. The in vitro efficacy and cell toxicity studies indicate the potential application of plumbagin, purified from Plumbago indica as a lead therapeutic molecule against T. annulata infection in cattle. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-022-01550-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Eben Titus
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram, Chennai, 600 051 India
| | - Azhahianambi Palavesam
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram, Chennai, 600 051 India
| | - Srinivasan Morkonda Rajaram
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600 007 India
| | - Pandikumar Perumal
- Xavier Research Foundation, St.Xavier’s College, Palaymkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu 627002 India
| | | | - Nagul Kumar Sanmugapriya
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women’s College, George Town, Chennai, 600108 India
| | - Ganesh Janarthanam
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram, Chennai, 600 051 India
| | - Raman Muthusamy
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram, Chennai, 600 051 India
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077 India
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Hacılarlıoglu S, Bilgic HB, Bakırcı S, Tait A, Weir W, Shiels B, Karagenc T. Selection of genotypes harbouring mutations in the cytochrome b gene of Theileria annulata is associated with resistance to buparvaquone. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279925. [PMID: 36598898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Buparvaquone remains the only effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata. However, an increase in the rate of buparvaquone treatment failures has been observed in recent years, raising the possibility that resistance to this drug is associated with the selection of T. annulata genotypes bearing mutation(s) in the cytochrome b gene (Cyto b). The aim of the present study was: (1) to demonstrate whether there is an association between mutations in the T. annulata Cyto b gene and selection of parasite-infected cells resistant to buparvaquone and (2) to determine the frequency of these mutations in parasites derived from infected cattle in the Aydın region of Türkiye. Susceptibility to buparvaquone was assessed by comparing the proliferative index of schizont-infected cells obtained from cattle with theileriosis before and/or after treatment with various doses of buparvaquone, using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colourimetric assay. The DNA sequence of the parasite Cyto b gene from cell lines identified as resistant or susceptible was determined. A total of six nonsynonymous and six synonymous mutations were identified. Two of the nonsynonymous mutations resulted in the substitutions V135A and P253S which are located at the putative buparvaquone binding regions of cytochrome b. Allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) analyses detected the V135A and P253S mutations at a frequency of 3.90% and 3.57% respectively in a regional study population and revealed an increase in the frequency of both mutations over the years. The A53P mutation of TaPIN1 of T. annulata, previously suggested as being involved in buparvaquone resistance, was not detected in any of the clonal cell lines examined in the present study. The observed data strongly suggested that the genetic mutations resulting in V135A and P253S detected at the putative binding sites of buparvaquone in cytochrome b play a significant role in conferring, and promoting selection of, T. annulata genotypes resistant to buparvaquone, whereas the role of mutations in TaPIN1 is more equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Hacılarlıoglu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Isıklı, Aydın, Türkiye
| | - Huseyin Bilgin Bilgic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Isıklı, Aydın, Türkiye
| | - Serkan Bakırcı
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Isıklı, Aydın, Türkiye
| | - Andrew Tait
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William Weir
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Shiels
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tulin Karagenc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Isıklı, Aydın, Türkiye
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Evaluation of cytotoxic activity of live toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and toxoplasma antigen on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. EUREKA: LIFE SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5695.2022.002409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic potency of live Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites as well as Toxoplasma antigen on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Cancer cell lines are considered an essential preliminary step towards in-vitro investigation of the potential antineoplastic impact of novel chemotherapeutic agents. Pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites are noticeably under investigation, considering their potential antineoplastic activity. Some have attained a steady position in the clinical field as hepatitis B virus, human papilloma virus and BCG immunization. Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite with promising antineoplastic activity. In this study, live Toxoplasma tachyzoites provoked a direct cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 in a dose dependent manner, while Toxoplasma antigen didn’t induce such impact.
Skipping the direct cytotoxic effect of Toxoplasma antigen doesn’t totally divert the possible antineoplastic activity of Toxoplasma antigen. Potential alternative immune mediated mechanisms could be an alternative. Further in-vivo studies in different cancer models are mandatory to investigate the underlying mechanisms of antineoplastic activity of Toxoplasma gondii
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Nirmala MJ, Durai L, Gopakumar V, Nagarajan R. Preparation of Celery Essential Oil-Based Nanoemulsion by Ultrasonication and Evaluation of Its Potential Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7651-7666. [PMID: 33116493 PMCID: PMC7553139 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s252640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plants have always been a significant source of natural active components with biological properties. Celery seed oil (extracted from Apium graveolens) has several potential applications, but its therapeutic uses in the form of nanoemulsion formulation need to be investigated further in order to meet the demand in cancer treatment, and to alleviate the prevailing crisis arising from increased antimicrobial resistance. Methods The therapeutic potential of celery seed oil was investigated through the formulation and testing of a nanoemulsion developed with Tween 80 (a non-ionic surfactant) and the utilization of an ultrasonication technique. Anticancer and apoptotic properties of the formulation were evaluated through MTT and Annexin V-FITC assays. The clonogenic assay aided in the identification of the antiproliferative properties of the formulation on oral squamous cell carcinoma. The antimicrobial study was supported by agar well diffusion assay, membrane integrity test and scanning electron microscopy. Results Experiments identified relevant parameters, including optimal surfactant concentration and emulsification time. GC-MS analysis identified various components in the celery oil, but not their biological activities. A sonication time of 20 min resulted in a droplet diameter of 23.4 ± 1.80 nm. The IC50 concentration of the optimal nanoemulsion formulation against SAS cells was 1.4 µL/mL. At this concentration, cell proliferation was significantly reduced through inhibition of the anchorage-independent cell growth by disrupting colony formation and inducing cell death (apoptosis) of cancer cells. The nanoemulsion was also treated with a microbial suspension of S. aureus, and displayed antibacterial properties through lipid membrane fusion, causing cytoplasmic leakage as verified through agar well diffusion and membrane permeability assays. Scanning electron microscopy revealed complete distortion of the bacterial pathogen. Conclusion The results in this study present celery as a possible constituent for cancer therapeutics and as a candidate for aggressive, yet safe cancer treatment. The celery-based nanoemulsion has the potential to act as a key alternative to standard antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joyce Nirmala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Latha Durai
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Vineet Gopakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Ramamurthy Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Xia N, Wan W, Zhu S, Liu Q. Synthesis of Hydrophobic Propionyl Neohesperidin Ester Using an Immobilied Enzyme and Description of Its Anti-proliferative and Pro-apoptotic Effects on MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1025. [PMID: 32984288 PMCID: PMC7487361 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neohesperidin (NH) is a natural flavonoid glycoside compound with considerable physiological and pharmacological activities. However, its bioavailability is limited due to poor solubility, and few studies have so far attempted improve the solubility and bioavailability of NH. In this study, we structurally modified NH using an immobilized lipase to improve lipophilicity and therefore expand its applicability in lipophilic media as well as enhance its bioavailability in vivo. In addition, we aimed investigated the pro-apoptoptotic activity of this new compound (propionyl neohesperidin ester, PNHE) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells using a variety of cellular assays, including the MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl- 2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-h-tetrazolium bromide assay, assessment of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and flow cytometry. We successfully synthesized PNHE using immobilized lipases, and the esterification of NH was confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Compared to NH, HNPE showed higher anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, which may be explained by its increased lipophilicity compared to neohesperidin, benefiting to the action of NH on the cancer cell wall. The IC50 of PNHE for inducing apoptosis of MCF-7 cells was 185.52 μg/mL. PNHE increased both the proportion of cells in Sub-G1 phase and the cellular ROS content, indicating a certain therapeutic effect of HNPE on breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi, China
| | - Wenjing Wan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siming Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Nirmala MJ, Durai L, Rao KA, Nagarajan R. Ultrasonic Nanoemulsification of Cuminum cyminum Essential Oil and Its Applications in Medicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:795-807. [PMID: 32103937 PMCID: PMC7008196 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s230893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Study Cumin seed oil (extracted from Cuminum cyminum) has many applications but conclusive evidence of its therapeutic uses has not been presented. This study has explored the anticancer and antibacterial properties of the seed oil. Methods The cumin nanoemulsion was prepared with Tween 80 non-ionic surfactant employing ultra-sonication technology. The anticancer activity of the nanoscale-based emulsion was evaluated through cell viability (MTT), antiproliferation evaluation through clonogenic assay, and apoptosis through Annexin V-FITC assay. Agar well diffusion was used to study the antimicrobial activity, and this was supported by membrane integrity analysis. Results A thorough study of process parameters, aimed at obtaining the optimal surface concentration and emulsification time, was completed. GC-MS data indicated cumaldehyde as a major component. The resultant droplet diameter after a sonication time of 5 min was 10.4 ± 0.5 nm. MTT assay revealed the IC50 value at 1.5 µL/mL and the early induction of apoptosis was evident. Tongue carcinoma cell line treated with cumin nanoemulsion presented a diminished colony formation. The nanoemulsion exhibited significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus. A significant cytoplasmic leakage was observed on treatment with cumin nanoemulsion. The consequences of the analysis projected cumin as a potential component for cancer therapy. Conclusion This study provides definitive evidence for cumin essential oil nanoemulsion as a legitimate plant-based medicine that can bypass the drawbacks of the present aggressive treatment of cancer, can overcome the antimicrobial resistance, and can also meet all prerequisites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joyce Nirmala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Latha Durai
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Kagitala Anvesh Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - R Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Abou El Azm N, Fleita D, Rifaat D, Mpingirika EZ, Amleh A, El-Sayed MMH. Production of Bioactive Compounds from the Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracts of Ulva lactuca: Post-Extraction Enzymatic Hydrolysis Followed by Ion-Exchange Chromatographic Fractionation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112132. [PMID: 31195764 PMCID: PMC6600532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a novel combined post-extraction process for obtaining bioactive compounds from the aqueous high molecular weight sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) extracts of the green algae, Ulva lactuca. After extracting the SPs, they were enzymatically hydrolyzed then the hydrolysate (V45) was fractionated into eight different molecular weight fractions (F1–F8) using ion exchange chromatography. Crude SPs together with V45 and (F1–F8) were examined for their carbohydrate, protein, and sulfate contents. In addition, their degree of polymerization (DP) was estimated and they were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Fractions S1, F4, F5, and F8 showed promising antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro. In particular, the remarkable antitumor activity of F5 on three types of cancer cell lines could be attributed to its comparable contents of protein, carbohydrate, and sulfate, in addition to its comparable contents of rhamnose and glucuronic acid, and the same for glucose and arabinose. F5 also possessed the highest Hill coefficient among the four promising fractions indicating a higher degree of cooperativity in ligand binding. Other influencing factors including DP, composition, and type of characteristic functional groups were also discussed. The implications of this work could potentially benefit the industries of food supplements and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Abou El Azm
- Chemistry Department, American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
| | - Daisy Fleita
- Chemistry Department, American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Rifaat
- Chemistry Department, American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
| | - Eric Zadok Mpingirika
- Department of Biology, American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
| | - Asma Amleh
- Department of Biology, American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
| | - Mayyada M H El-Sayed
- Chemistry Department, American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
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S. Radwan A. A Facile Synthesis, Docking Study and Antitumor Activity of Some Furan-Chalcone and Furylpyrazole Hybrids. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jayme CC, de Paula LB, Rezende N, Calori IR, Franchi LP, Tedesco AC. DNA polymeric films as a support for cell growth as a new material for regenerative medicine: Compatibility and applicability. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:404-412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Oktay B, Kayaman-Apohan N, Süleymanoğlu M, Erdem-Kuruca S. Zwitterionic phosphorylcholine grafted chitosan nanofiber: Preparation, characterization and in-vitro cell adhesion behavior. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 73:569-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Cao X, Lyu Y, Ning J, Tang X, Shen X. Synthetic peptide, Ala-Arg-Glu-Gly-Glu-Met, abolishes pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of high glucose in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:215-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abdelwahab MF, Sangi S, Arafat HH, Ragab EA. New Phytochemical Constituent and Bioactivities of Horwoodia dicksoniae and Rumex cyprius. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:165-70. [PMID: 27601844 PMCID: PMC4989789 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.186348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many plants growing in Saudi Arabia are used in folk medicine for treatment of several diseases. OBJECTIVE Information of the chemical constituents and biological activities of plants is desirable for the discovery of therapeutic agents and discovering the actual value of folkloric remedies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds were isolated and purified using silica gel column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) Method. The alcoholic extracts of these plants were evaluated for biological activities. RESULTS Isolation and characterization of 1-feruloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) as well as new secondary metabolite tryptophan methyl ester (2) were isolated for the 1(st) time from the Horwoodia dicksoniae. The three flavones were isolated from Rumex cyprius identified as isoorientin (3), vitexin (4), and Cynarosid (5). The structures of these compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry analysis and comparing with literature. The compounds were isolated and purified using silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC-DAD Method. The alcoholic extracts of these plants were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against two Gram-positive bacteria, two Gram-negative bacteria, and four pathogenic fungi. Both plants showed good activities against Syncephalastrum racemosum and Streptococcus pneumoniae with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) 0.98 and 1.95 μg/mL, respectively. H. dicksoniae showed good activity against Aspergillus fumigates with an MIC 1.95 μg/mL. The two extracts showed also effective free radical scavenging activities in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. H. dicksoniae exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activity against Human breast cancer mammary cancer cells-7, Human liver cancer human hepatoma carcinoma cells-2, and human lung carcinoma (A-549) cell lines. CONCLUSIONS It was suggested that further work should be carried out to isolate, purify, and characterize the active constituents responsible for the activity of these plants. SUMMARY New secondary metabolite Tryptophane methyl ester as well as 1-feruloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside were isolated for the first time from the HD.Isoorientin, vitexin and Cynarosid were isolated from RC.HD exhibited good activity against Aspergillus fumigates with an MIC 1.95 µg mL(-1).HD showed significant cytotoxic activity against Human breast cancer (MCF-7), Human liver cancer (HepG-2) and Human lung carcinoma (A-549) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F Abdelwahab
- Department of Natural Product and Complementary Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sibghatullah Sangi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam H Arafat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Northern Border University, Rafha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ehab A Ragab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Premnath D, Selvakumar PM, Ravichandiran P, Selvan GT, Indiraleka M, Vennila JJ. Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of fluorescent 4-aminoantipyrine analogues: Molecular docking and in vitro cytotoxicity studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 153:118-123. [PMID: 26298678 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two substituted aromatic carbonyl compounds (compounds 1 and 2) of 4-aminoantipyrine were synthesized by condensation of fluorine substituted benzoyl chlorides and 4-aminoantipyrine. The structures of synthesized derivatives were established on the basis of UV-Vis, IR, and Mass, (1)H, (13)C NMR and Fluorescence spectroscopy. Both compounds showed significant fluorescence emission and two broad emission bands were observed in the region at 340 nm and 450 nm on excitation at 280 nm. Theoretically to prove that the molecule has anticancer activity against cervical cancer cells, the compounds were analyzed for molecular docking interactions with HPV16-E7 target protein by Glide protocol. Furthermore, 4-aminoantipyrine derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cervical cancer cells (SiHa) by MTT assay. Compound 1 showed two fold higher activity (IC50=0.912 μM) over compound 2, and its activity was similar to that of Pazopanib, suggesting that although the two compounds were chemically very similar the difference in substituent on the phenyl moiety caused changes in properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Premnath
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Karunya University, Coimbatore 641114, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - P Mosae Selvakumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities, Karunya University, Coimbatore 641114, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Ravichandiran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities, Karunya University, Coimbatore 641114, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G Tamil Selvan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities, Karunya University, Coimbatore 641114, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Indiraleka
- Department of Bio Technology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, India
| | - J Jannet Vennila
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Karunya University, Coimbatore 641114, Tamilnadu, India
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15
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Tormentic acid in foods exerts anti-proliferation efficacy through inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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16
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Huang Q, Wu X, Yu X, Zhang L, Lu M, Tao L. Comparison of the cytotoxic impact of chlorfluazuron on selected insect and human cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1675-1682. [PMID: 25753780 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To gain new insight into the mechanism of selective cytotoxicity of benzoylureas as insecticides, the in vitro mode of action of chlorfluazuron was investigated on lepidopteran Tn5B1-4 and Sf-21 cells and human Hek293 and HepG2 cells. Chlorfluazuron inhibited the proliferation of Tn5B1-4 and Sf-21 cells with 50% inhibitory concentration values (IC50) of 4.96 µM and 1.12 µM at 48 h and 2.37 µM and 1.76 µM at 96 h, respectively, versus that of Hek293 and HepG2 cells with IC50 values >20 µM. When transferred to chlorfluazuron-free medium, lepidopteran Tn5B1-4 and Sf-21 cells had a postinhibitory recovery development period within 24 h followed by a suppressed increase in cell viability, but human Hek293 and HepG2 cells showed an accelerated increase over their control level. Chlorfluazuron affected Tn5B1-4 and Sf-21 cells, with ≥1.8-fold decreases in the ratio of cellular N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) level and protein content and ≥1.5-fold increases in the mitotic index and G2 /M-phase arrest. Neither Hek293 nor HepG2 cells contained GlcNAc, and chlorfluazuron had no significant effects on the cell cycle and mitotic index of Hek293 and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the differences between human and lepidopteran cell lines in the characteristic GlcNAc content, G2 /M arrest in the cycle progress, and mitotic index of cells in response to chlorfluazuron may contribute to the selective toxicity of chlorfluazuron to lepidopteran cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoqing Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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17
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Mechanistic elucidation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, the important role of ROS-mediated signaling pathways. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Critical role of cellular glutathione homeostasis for trivalent inorganic arsenite-induced oxidative damage in human bronchial epithelial cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 770:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Sun LH, Chen AH, Yang ZF, Chen JJ, Guan WD, Wu JL, Qin S, Zhong NS. Respiratory syncytial virus induces leukotriene C4 synthase expression in bronchial epithelial cells. Respirology 2014; 18 Suppl 3:40-6. [PMID: 24188202 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) results in acute wheezing in infants and is frequently associated with recurrent wheezing. Although RSV-induced wheezing clinically resembles that of asthma, corticosteroids are not equivalently effective in RSV-associated wheezing. The study sought to determine the mechanisms of RSV-induced wheezing by establishing an in vitro model of RSV-infected human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBEC). METHODS Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4 S) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in 16-HBEC was detected using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the relative level of LTC4 S mRNA was expressed as quotient cycle threshold (qCt) based on the threshold cycle number value compared with that of β-actin. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT) in culture supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RSV-infected 16-HBEC was incubated with gradient concentration of budesonide (BUD) to assess its effects on LTC4 S expression and CysLT secretion. RESULTS RSV infection resulted in increased LTC4 S mRNA expression between 48 and 96 h post-infection. High level of CysLT was detected in the supernatant of RSV-infected 16-HBEC. BUD at concentrations of 10(-10) to 10(-5) mol/L did not significantly alter LTC4 S mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS RSV infection upregulated LTC4 S expression in HBEC leading to increased CysLT secretion. Such induction was not attenuated by BUD, suggesting that CysLT might contribute to the pathogenesis of RSV-induced wheezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-hong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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21
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Meng K, Li Z, Wang Y, Jing Z, Zhao X, Liu J, Cai D, Zhang L, Yang D, Wang S. PCR-based detection of Theileria annulata in Hyalomma asiaticum ticks in northwestern China. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 5:105-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Xu J, Liu L, Zheng X, You C, Li Q. Expression and inhibition of ADAMDEC1 in craniopharyngioma cells. Neurol Res 2013; 34:701-6. [PMID: 22776555 DOI: 10.1179/1743132812y.0000000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomei Zheng
- Department of NeurologyPeople's Hospital of Luzhou City, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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23
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Chen C, Jiang X, Hu Y, Zhang Z. The protective role of resveratrol in the sodium arsenite-induced oxidative damage via modulation of intracellular GSH homeostasis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 155:119-31. [PMID: 23884857 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) is a well-established environmental carcinogen that has been found to cause various human malignant tumors. Thus, how to prevent the deleterious effects caused by NaAsO2 has received widely concerns. Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), a polyphenol found in numerous plant species, has recently been known as a natural and powerful antioxidant. However, whether resveratrol could attenuate the toxicity of NaAsO2 and its detailed mechanisms have not been reported. In this study, the protective effects of resveratrol against NaAsO2-induced oxidative and genetic damage as well as apoptosis were evaluated for the first time. We demonstrated that cotreatment of human bronchial epithelial cell with 5 μM resveratrol for 24 h effectively reduced the levels of 30 μM NaAsO2-induced reactive oxygen species, chromosomal and DNA damage, and cell apoptosis. Revseratrol was also showed to significantly elevate the concentration of glutathione (GSH) and the activities of its relevant enzymes as compared with NaAsO2 alone, indicating that resveratrol ameliorates the toxicity of NaAsO2 by modulating the process of GSH biosynthesis, recycling and utilization. Our findings further suggest that GSH homeostasis represents one of the detoxification mechanisms responding to NaAsO2 exposure, and resveratrol plays a protective role in the regulation of oxidative and genetic damage as well as apoptosis through the modulation of GSH homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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24
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Chen C, Jiang X, Zhao W, Zhang Z. Dual role of resveratrol in modulation of genotoxicity induced by sodium arsenite via oxidative stress and apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:8-17. [PMID: 23727334 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The potential benefits of resveratrol as an anticancer (proapoptosis) and antioxidant (pro-survival) compound have been studied extensively. However, the role of resveratrol in modulation of the toxicity induced by sodium arsenite (NaAsO₂) is still unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of resveratrol on NaAsO₂-induced cytotoxicity, DNA and chromosomal damage, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (A549) cell line at concentrations from 1 to 20 μM after 24h exposure. Our results revealed that at 1 and 5 μM, resveratrol was found to exert benefit effects, promoting cell viability and proliferation over 24h NaAsO₂ exposure, whereas, resveratrol was showed to inhibit cell survival under the same condition at 20 μM. Corresponding to the opposing effect of resveratrol at low vs. high concentrations, DNA and chromosomal damage, cell apoptotic rate and level of oxidative stress were also alleviated by lower concentrations (1, 5 μM) of resveratrol, but exacerbated by higher concentration (20 μM) resveratrol. Our study implicates that resveratrol is the most beneficial to cells at 1 and 5 μM and caution should be taken in applying resveratrol as an anticancer therapeutic agent or nutraceutical supplement due to its concentration dependent effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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25
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Stockert JC, Blázquez-Castro A, Cañete M, Horobin RW, Villanueva A. MTT assay for cell viability: Intracellular localization of the formazan product is in lipid droplets. Acta Histochem 2012; 114:785-96. [PMID: 22341561 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although MTT is widely used to assess cytotoxicity and cell viability, the precise localization of its reduced formazan product is still unclear. In the present study the localization of MTT formazan was studied by direct microscopic observation of living HeLa cells and by colocalization analysis with organelle-selective fluorescent probes. MTT formazan granules did not colocalize with mitochondria as revealed by rhodamine 123 labeling or autofluorescence. Likewise, no colocalization was observed between MTT formazan granules and lysosomes labeled by neutral red. Taking into account the lipophilic character and lipid solubility of MTT formazan, an evaluation of the MTT reaction was performed after treatment of cells with sunflower oil emulsions to induce a massive occurrence of lipid droplets. Under this condition, lipid droplets revealed a large amount of MTT formazan deposits. Kinetic studies on the viability of MTT-treated cells showed no harmful effects at short times. Quantitative structure-activity relations (QSAR) models were used to predict and explain the localization of both the MTT tetrazolium salt and its formazan product. These predictions were in agreement with experimental observations on the accumulation of MTT formazan product in lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Stockert
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Lin M, Xu P, Zhong W. Preparation, characterization, and release behavior of aspirin-loaded poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)/silica hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:1114-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Xiong SL, Li A, Huang N, Lu F, Hou D. Antioxidant and immunoregulatory activity of different polysaccharide fractions from tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Wang F, Cao LT, Hu SH. A rapid and accurate 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay for quantification of bacteriocins with nisin as an example. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2007; 8:549-54. [PMID: 17657855 PMCID: PMC1934948 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2007.b0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to propose a more accurate and faster MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] colorimetric assay (MCA) for quantitative measurement of polypeptide bacteriocins in solutions with nisin as an example. After an initial incubation of nisin and indicator bacterium Micrococcus luteus NCIB 8166 in tubes, MTT was added for another incubation period. After that, nisin was quantified by estimating the number of viable bacteria based on measuring the amount of purple formazan produced by cleavage of yellow tetrazolium salt MTT. Then MCA was compared to a standard agar diffusion assay (ADA). The results suggested a high correlation coefficient (r(2)=0.975+/-0.004) between optical density (OD) and the inhibitory effect of nisin on a bacterial strain Micrococcus luteus NCIB 8166 at a range of 0.125-32 IU/ml. The MCA described in this study was very quick. Quantification of nisin took only 7-8 h and the detection limit was at the level of 0.125 IU/ml when compared to 12 IU/ml and 24-28 h for ADA. The MCA provides an accurate and rapid method for quantification of nisin in solutions and is expected to be used for quantification of other antimicrobial substances.
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