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Kimura T, Kimura AK, Ren M, Monteiro V, Xu Y, Berno B, Schlame M, Epand RM. Plasmalogen loss caused by remodeling deficiency in mitochondria. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900348. [PMID: 31434794 PMCID: PMC6707388 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis is crucial in human health. Barth syndrome (BTHS), a life-threatening disease typically diagnosed with cardiomyopathy and neutropenia, is caused by mutations in the mitochondrial transacylase tafazzin. By high-resolution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with cryoprobe technology, recently we found a dramatic loss of choline plasmalogen in the tafazzin-knockdown (TAZ-KD) mouse heart, besides observing characteristic cardiolipin (CL) alterations in BTHS. In inner mitochondrial membrane where tafazzin locates, CL and diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine are known to be essential via lipid-protein interactions reflecting their cone shape for integrity of respiratory chain supercomplexes and cristae ultrastructure. Here, we investigate the TAZ-KD brain, liver, kidney, and lymphoblast from patients compared with controls. We identified common yet markedly cell type-dependent losses of ethanolamine plasmalogen as the dominant plasmalogen class therein. Tafazzin function thus critically relates to homeostasis of plasmalogen, which in the ethanolamine class has conceivably analogous and more potent molecular functions in mitochondria than diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine. The present discussion of a loss of plasmalogen-protein interaction applies to other diseases with mitochondrial plasmalogen loss and aberrant forms of this organelle, including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Atsuko K Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mindong Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vernon Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bob Berno
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Kimura T, Kimura AK, Ren M, Berno B, Xu Y, Schlame M, Epand RM. Substantial Decrease in Plasmalogen in the Heart Associated with Tafazzin Deficiency. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2162-2175. [PMID: 29557170 PMCID: PMC5893435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tafazzin is the mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes transacylation between a phospholipid and a lysophospholipid in remodeling. Mutations in tafazzin cause Barth syndrome, a potentially life-threatening disease with the major symptom being cardiomyopathy. In the tafazzin-deficient heart, cardiolipin (CL) acyl chains become abnormally heterogeneous unlike those in the normal heart with a single dominant linoleoyl species, tetralinoleoyl CL. In addition, the amount of CL decreases and monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) accumulates. Here we determine using high-resolution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance with cryoprobe technology the fundamental phospholipid composition, including the major but oxidation-labile plasmalogens, in the tafazzin-knockdown (TAZ-KD) mouse heart as a model of Barth syndrome. In addition to confirming a lower level of CL (6.4 ± 0.1 → 2.0 ± 0.4 mol % of the total phospholipid) and accumulation of MLCL (not detected → 3.3 ± 0.5 mol %) in the TAZ-KD, we found a substantial reduction in the level of plasmenylcholine (30.8 ± 2.8 → 18.1 ± 3.1 mol %), the most abundant phospholipid in the control wild type. A quantitative Western blot revealed that while the level of peroxisomes, where early steps of plasmalogen synthesis take place, was normal in the TAZ-KD model, expression of Far1 as a rate-determining enzyme in plasmalogen synthesis was dramatically upregulated by 8.3 (±1.6)-fold to accelerate the synthesis in response to the reduced level of plasmalogen. We confirmed lyso-plasmenylcholine or plasmenylcholine is a substrate of purified tafazzin for transacylation with CL or MLCL, respectively. Our results suggest that plasmenylcholine, abundant in linoleoyl species, is important in remodeling CL in the heart. Tafazzin deficiency thus has a major impact on the cardiac plasmenylcholine level and thereby its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Atsuko K. Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mindong Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - Bob Berno
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Anesthesiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - Richard M. Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Czesny S, Dettmers JM, Rinchard J, Dabrowski K. Linking egg thiamine and fatty acid concentrations of Lake Michigan lake trout with early life stage mortality. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2009; 21:262-271. [PMID: 20218500 DOI: 10.1577/h07-056.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The natural reproduction of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Michigan is thought to be compromised by nutritional deficiency associated with inadequate levels of thiamine (vitamin B1) in their eggs. However, mortality driven by thiamine deficiency (commonly referred to as early mortality syndrome [EMS]) is not the only significant cause of low lake trout survival at early life stages. In this study, we sought to better understand the combined effects of variable levels of thiamine and fatty acids in lake trout eggs on prehatch, posthatch, and swim-up-stage mortality. We sampled the eggs of 29 lake trout females from southwestern Lake Michigan. The concentrations of free thiamine and its vitamers (e.g., thiamine monophosphate [TMP] and thiamine pyrophosphate [TPP]) as well as fatty acid profiles were determined in sampled eggs. Fertilized eggs and embryos were monitored through the advanced swim-up stage (1,000 degree-days). Three distinct periods of mortality were identified: prehatch (0-400 degree-days), immediately posthatch (401-600 degree-days), and swim-up (601-1,000 degree-days). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed (1) that cis-7-hexadecenoic acid in both neutral lipids (NL) and phospholipids (PL) correlated with prehatch mortality, (2) that docosapentaenoic acid in PL and docosahexaenoic acid in NL correlated with posthatch mortality, and (3) that total lipids, TPP, and palmitoleic acid in NL, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid in PL correlated with the frequency of EMS. These results indicate the complexity of early life stage mortality in lake trout and suggest that inadequate levels of key fatty acids in eggs, along with variable thiamine content, contribute to the low survival of lake trout progeny in Lake Michigan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiusz Czesny
- University of Illinois, Illinois Natural History Survey, Lake Michigan Biological Station, 400 17th Street, Zion, Illinois 60099, USA.
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Yeh E, Wood R, Squires E. Influence of Plasma Lipid Composition on Activity of Factors V, VII and X in Single Comb White Leghorn and Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome-Susceptible Laying Hens. Br Poult Sci 2008; 49:760-9. [DOI: 10.1080/00071660802482310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Crockett EL. The cold but not hard fats in ectotherms: consequences of lipid restructuring on susceptibility of biological membranes to peroxidation, a review. J Comp Physiol B 2008; 178:795-809. [PMID: 18506451 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-008-0275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species is a regular feature of life in the presence of oxygen. Some reactive oxygen species possess sufficient energy to initiate lipid peroxidation in biological membranes, self-propagating reactions with the potential to damage membranes by altering their physical properties and ultimately their function. Two of the most prominent patterns of lipid restructuring in membranes of ectotherms involve contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids and ratios of the abundant phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Since polyunsaturated fatty acids and phosphatidylethanolamine are particularly vulnerable to oxidation, it is likely that higher contents of these lipids at low body temperature elevate the inherent susceptibility of membranes to lipid peroxidation. Although membranes from animals living at low body temperatures may be more prone to oxidation, the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation are sensitive to temperature. These scenarios raise the possibility that membrane susceptibility to lipid peroxidation is conserved at physiological temperatures. Reduced levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and phosphatidylethanolamine may protect membranes at warm temperatures from deleterious oxidations when rates of reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation are relatively high. At low temperatures, enhanced susceptibility may ensure sufficient lipid peroxidation for cellular processes that require lipid oxidation products.
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Yamaguchi T, Miyamoto K, Yagi S, Horigane A, Sato M, Takeuchi M. Detection of plasmalogen from plasma low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein in carp, Cyprinus carpio, and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2000; 127:339-46. [PMID: 11118943 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study revealed the presence of plasmalogens in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) of the fish. The composition of the plasmalogen in the carp plasma LDL phospholipids was 0.94 and 0.23% in the HDL; the LDL phospholipids in the rainbow trout were 0.44% and the HDL was 0.18%. Aldehydes from the plasmalogen were derivatized with dansylhydrazides and separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their presence was detected using a fluorescence detector. Hexadecanal (C16: 0), octadecanal (C18: 0) and octadecenal (C18: 1) were determined to be the major components in the carp and rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1, Tsutsumidori-Amamiya, Aoba-ku, 981-8555, Sendai, Japan.
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