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Ayan D, Roy J, Maltais R, Poirier D. Impact of estradiol structural modifications (18-methyl and/or 17-hydroxy inversion of configuration) on the in vitro and in vivo estrogenic activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 127:324-30. [PMID: 21827856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that the majority of breast cancers are initially hormone-dependent and that 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) plays a crucial role in their development and progression. For this reason, using a compound able to block a specific enzyme involved in the last steps of the biosynthesis of 17β-E2 remains a rational way to treat estrogen-dependent diseases such as breast cancer. The present study describes the biological in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a structural modification (inversion of C18-methyl group at position 13 from β to α face) of 17β-E2 (1) and 17α-estradiol (17α-E2; 2). The two epimers 18-epi-17β-E2 (3) and 18-epi-17α-E2 (4) were obtained in two chemical steps by inversion of the C18-methyl of estrone using 1,2-phenylendiamine in refluxing acetic acid and reduction of ketone at position C17 with LiAlH(4). The new E2 isomers were tested on estrogen-sensitive cell lines (MCF-7 and T-47D), on estrogen-sensitive tissues (uterus and vagina of mice) and on estrogen receptor (ER) to determine their estrogenic potency relatively to natural estrogen 17β-E2 (1). The results show that 18-epi-17β-E2 (3) possesses the lower affinity for ER (RBA = 1.2%), the lower estrogenicity on estrogen-sensitive cells (1000 folds less estrogenic than 17β-E2 in MCF-7) and no uterotrophic (estrogenic) activity when tested on mice. In fact, we observed the following order of estrogenicity: 18-epi-17β-E2 (3)<18-epi-17α-E2 (4) << 17α-E2 (2)17β-E2 (1). These results suggest that the inversion of C18-methyl of natural 17β-E2 scaffold could be a useful strategy to decrease the estrogenicity of E2 derivatives used as enzyme inhibitors in the context of a treatment of estrogen-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ayan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHUQ, CHUL-Research Center, Endocrinology and Genomic Unit, and Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
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Huang L, Lin C, Li A, Wei B, Teng J, Li L. Pro-coagulant Activity of Phenolic Acids Isolated from Blumea Riparia. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of extracts of the aerial part of Blumea riparia DC. and their phenolic acids on hemostasis were evaluated. The EtOAc fraction showed significantly reduced blood clotting time (CT) and tail bleeding time of transection (BT) of mice in vivo. This fraction contained vanillic acid (1), syringic acid (2), p-coumaric acid (3), caffeic acid (4), and protocatechuic acid (5). Compound 1 reduced prothrombin time (PT), and strengthened mice uterine contractions. Compound 3 reduced CT and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Compound 5 reduced CT and increased the frequency of mice uterine contraction in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 2 reduced APTT. Compound 4 remarkably strengthened uterine contraction. Taken together, these data suggest that compounds 1, 3, and 5 possess procoagulant activity which jointly synergize blood coagulation via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Daxue Road, 88, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Daxue Road, 88, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiwu Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Daxue Road, 88, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyuan Li
- Guang Xi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Mingxiu East Road, 88, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyao Wei
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Daxue Road, 88, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Teng
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Daxue Road, 88, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Daxue Road, 88, 530004, People's Republic of China
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Wray S, Noble K. Sex hormones and excitation-contraction coupling in the uterus: the effects of oestrous and hormones. J Neuroendocrinol 2008; 20:451-61. [PMID: 18266942 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we examine how far the increased understanding that we have of the events in excitation contraction can explain the effects of the oestrous cycle and sex hormones on uterine function. Observational studies of electrical and mechanical activity in the rat myometrium have shown a relative quiescence during pro-oestrous, with little propagation of any electrical events. Thus, uterine activity can be said to approximately inversely reflect plasma 17beta-oestradiol concentrations. We show that Ca(2+) signalling and mechanical activity are greatest in metoestrous and dioestrous compared to pro-oestrous and oestrous. These data are discussed in terms of hormonal effects on Ca(2+) and K(+) channels. Finally, the influence of sex hormones on lipid rafts and caveolae are considered and discussed in relation to recent findings on their role in uterine signalling and contractility, and cholesterol levels and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wray
- The Physiological Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Pierzyński P, Swiatecka J, Oczeretko E, Laudański P, Batra S, Laudański T. Effect of short-term, low-dose treatment with tamoxifen in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Gynecol Endocrinol 2006; 22:698-703. [PMID: 17162713 DOI: 10.1080/09513590601030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment of painful periods and other symptoms related to primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is usually commenced with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or oral contraceptives, which fails in about 10% of affected patients. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM), has been demonstrated to directly inhibit uterine contractions, causing improvement in uterine blood flow. It could be considered for application in selected groups of dysmenorrheic patients, for instance carriers of breast cancer-associated antigen (BRCA) genes, breast cancer survivors or women with advanced endometriosis. Thus the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of short-term treatment with tamoxifen on PD and PD-related symptoms, as well as its direct effect on parameters of intrauterine pressure during the painful menstruation, in a group of dysmenorrheic patients. After two cycles of administration of tamoxifen we noted a significant decrease in bleeding together with reductions in the severity of menstrual cramps, diarrhea, headache, fatigue and anxiety. In intrauterine pressure assessments, tamoxifen significantly decreased propagation of uterine contractions. In conclusion, SERMs such as tamoxifen may constitute a therapeutic option in selected groups of patients, improving dysmenorrheic symptoms. Additionally to its receptor-mediated effects, tamoxifen was shown to exert a direct influence on uterine contractile activity that may explain the decrease of menstrual pain and cramps noted in the studied group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pierzyński
- Department of Pathophysiology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Perusquía M, Navarrete E. Evidence that 17alpha-estradiol is biologically active in the uterine tissue: antiuterotonic and antiuterotrophic action. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2005; 3:30. [PMID: 16042770 PMCID: PMC1201169 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-3-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 17alpha-Estradiol has been considered as the hormonally inactive isomer of 17beta-estradiol. Recently, nongenomic (smooth muscle relaxation) and genomic (light estrogenic activity) effects of 17alpha-estradiol have been reported, but no reports have yet determined its possible antiestrogenic activity. Therefore, this study investigated: the nongenomic action of 17alpha-estradiol on uterine contractile activity and its potential agonist-antagonist activity on uterine growth. METHODS Uterine rings from rats were isometrically recorded. Different concentrations (0.2-200 microM) of 17alpha-estradiol were tested on spontaneous contraction and equimolarly compared with 17beta-estradiol. To examine the mechanism of 17alpha-estradiol action, its effect was studied in presence of beta2-antagonist (propranolol), antiestrogens (tamoxifen and ICI 182,780) or inhibitors of protein synthesis (cycloheximide) and transcription (actinomycin D). Moreover, contractions induced by high potassium (KCl) solution or calcium in depolarized tissues by KCl-calcium free solution were exposed to 17alpha-estradiol. Collaterally, we performed an uterotrophic assay in adult ovariectomized rats measuring the uterine wet weight. The administration for three days of 0.3 microM/day/Kg 17beta-estradiol was equimolarly compared with the response produced by 17alpha-estradiol. Antiuterotrophic activity was assayed by administration of 0.3 microM/day/Kg 17beta-estradiol and various doses ratios (1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 1:100) of 17alpha-estradiol. RESULTS The estradiol isomers elicited an immediate relaxation, concentration-dependent and reversible on spontaneous contraction. 17alpha-Estradiol presented lower potency than 17beta-estradiol although it did not antagonize 17beta-estradiol-induced relaxation. Relaxation to 17alpha-estradiol was not inhibited by propranolol, tamoxifen, ICI 182,780, cycloheximide or actinomycin D. The KCl contractions were also sensitive to 17alpha-estradiol-induced relaxation and calcium contractions in depolarized tissues were markedly prevented by 17alpha-estradiol, implying a reduction of extracellular calcium influx through voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs). Uterotrophic assay detected significant increase in uterine weight using 17alpha-estradiol, which was significantly minor as compared with 17beta-estradiol. 17alpha-Estradiol, at all doses ratios, significantly antagonized the hypertrophic response of 17beta-estradiol. CONCLUSION 17alpha-Estradiol induces a relaxing effect, which may be independent of the classical estrogen receptor, nongenomic action, apparently mediated by inactivation of VOCCs. 17alpha-Estradiol is also a weak estrogen agonist (uterotrophic response); likewise, 17alpha-estradiol may act as an antiestrogen (antiuterotrophic response). The overall data document a nongenomic relaxing action and a novel antiestrogenic action of 17alpha-estradiol, which are relevant in estrogen-mediated uterine physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Perusquía
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70228, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Erika Navarrete
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70228, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Díaz M, Ramírez CM, Marin R, Marrero-Alonso J, Gómez T, Alonso R. Acute relaxation of mouse duodenum [correction of duodenun] by estrogens. Evidence for an estrogen receptor-independent modulation of muscle excitability. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 501:161-78. [PMID: 15464075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Revised: 08/05/2004] [Accepted: 08/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
17-beta-Estradiol, the stereoisomer 17-alpha-estradiol and the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES), all caused a rapid (<3 min) dose-dependent reversible relaxation of mouse duodenal spontaneous activity, reduced basal tone and depressed the responses to CaCl(2) and KCl. The steroidal antiestrogen 7alpha-[9-[(4,4,5,5,5,-pentafluoropenty)sulphinyl]nonyl]-estra-1,3,5(19)-triene-3,17beta-diol (ICI182,780) failed to either mimic or prevent the effect of 17-beta-estradiol. The effect of estrogens was unrelated to activation of nitric oxide (NO), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase G (PKG) or protein kinase C (PKC). Estrogen-induced relaxation was partially reversed by 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-pyridine-3-carboxilic acid methyl ester (BAY-K8644), depolarization, or by application of tetraethylammonium or 4-aminopyridine, but not by glibenclamide, apamin, charybdotoxin, paxilline or verruculogen. The effects of BAY-K8644 and K(+) channel blockers were synergistic, and allowed relaxed tissues to recover spontaneous activity and basal tone. We hypothesize that the rapid non-genomic spasmolytic effect of estrogens on mouse duodenal muscle might be triggered by an estrogen-receptor-independent mechanism likely involving activation of tetraethylamonium- and 4-aminopyridine-sensitive K(+) channels and inhibition of L-type Ca2(+) channels on the smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain.
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Houlihan DD, Dennedy MC, Morrison JJ. Polyamine effects on human myometrial contractility. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186:778-83. [PMID: 11967507 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2002.122253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the polyamine spermine on human uterine contractility. STUDY DESIGN Under physiologic conditions, an isometric tension recording was performed in isolated myometrial strips from biopsy specimens obtained at elective cesarean delivery (n = 24 specimens) and from premenopausal hysterectomy specimens (n = 6 specimens). The effects of spermine (1 micromol/L-10 mmol/L in cumulative doses) on spontaneous, agonist-induced myometrial contractions were measured, and dose response curves were constructed. The pD(2) (-log EC(50)) values and the maximal inhibition values achieved were compared for spontaneous and agonist-induced contractions. RESULTS Spermine exerted a potent relaxant effect on all spontaneous and agonist-induced myometrial contractions, with mean maximal inhibition values between 62.8% +/- 4.3% and 91.4% +/- 1.8% and pD(2) values between 2.66 +/- 0.23 and 4.01 +/- 0.20. Its inhibitory effect varied significantly with different contraction types (pD(2), P <.05; mean maximal inhibition, P <.001), and it was least potent on BAY K 8644-elicited contractions (pD(2), P <.05; mean maximal inhibition, P <.01). CONCLUSION The polyamine spermine exerts a potent relaxant effect on human uterine tissue. This effect appears to be mediated, at least partially, by calcium antagonism. Polyamines may play a role in the maintenance of uterine quiescence during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diarmaid D Houlihan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University College Hospital, Galway, Ireland
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DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF SEX HORMONES AND PHYTOESTROGENS ON PEAK AND STEADY STATE CONTRACTIONS IN ISOLATED RABBIT DETRUSOR. J Urol 1999. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199911000-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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RATZ PAULH, MCCAMMON KURTA, ALTSTATT DANIEL, BLACKMORE PETERF, SHENFELD OFERZ, SCHLOSSBERG STEVENM. DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF SEX HORMONES AND PHYTOESTROGENS ON PEAK AND STEADY STATE CONTRACTIONS IN ISOLATED RABBIT DETRUSOR. J Urol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)68245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- PAUL H. RATZ
- From the Departments of Physiological Sciences and Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - KURT A. MCCAMMON
- From the Departments of Physiological Sciences and Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - DANIEL ALTSTATT
- From the Departments of Physiological Sciences and Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - PETER F. BLACKMORE
- From the Departments of Physiological Sciences and Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - OFER Z. SHENFELD
- From the Departments of Physiological Sciences and Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - STEVEN M. SCHLOSSBERG
- From the Departments of Physiological Sciences and Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
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