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Maeda T, Sekiguchi F, Mitani K, Yamagata R, Tsubota M, Yoshida S, Kawabata A. Opioid modulation of T-type Ca 2+ channel-dependent neuritogenesis/neurite outgrowth through the prostaglandin E 2/EP 4 receptor/protein kinase A pathway in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 639:142-149. [PMID: 36493557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Irregular regeneration or inappropriate remodeling of the axons of the primary afferent neurons after peripheral nerve trauma could be associated with the development of neuropathic pain. We analyzed the molecular mechanisms for the neuritogenesis and neurite outgrowth caused by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and evaluated their opioid modulation. PGE2 in combination with IBMX, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, caused neuritogenesis/neurite outgrowth in DRG cells, an effect abolished by a prostanoid EP4, but not EP2, receptor antagonist, and inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase or protein kinase A (PKA). Blockers of T-type Ca2+ channels (T-channels), that are responsible for window currents involving the sustained low-level Ca2+ entry at voltages near the resting membrane potentials and can be functionally upregulated by PKA, inhibited the neuritogenesis/neurite outgrowth caused by PGE2/IBMX or dibutylyl cyclic AMP, a PKA activator, in DRG neurons, an inhibitory effect mimicked by ZnCl2 and ascorbic acid that block Cav3.2, but not Cav3.1 or Cav3.3, T-channels. Morphine and DAMGO, μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, suppressed the neuritogenesis and/or neurite outgrowth induced by PGE2/IBMX in DRG neurons and also DRG neuron-like ND7/23 cells, an effect reversed by naloxone or β-funaltrexamine, a selective MOR antagonist. Our data suggest that the EP4 receptor/PKA/Cav3.2 pathway is involved in the PGE2-induced neuritogenesis/neurite outgrowth in DRG neurons, which can be suppressed by MOR stimulation. We propose that MOR agonists including morphine in the early phase after peripheral nerve trauma might delay the axonal regeneration of the primary afferent neurons but prevent the development of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Maeda
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Fumiko Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Mitani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamagata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Maho Tsubota
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yoshida
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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2
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Jung HY, Kim W, Hahn KR, Nam SM, Yi SS, Kwon HJ, Kang MS, Choi JH, Kim DW, Yoon YS, Hwang IK. Spatial and temporal changes in the PGE2 EP2 receptor in mice hippocampi during postnatal development and its relationship with cyclooxygenase-2. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:908-913. [PMID: 34712420 PMCID: PMC8528246 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.56286.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Prostaglandin E2 E-prostanoid 2 receptor (PGE2 EP2), downstream of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), plays an important role in inflammatory responses, but there are some reports about synaptic functions of COX-2 and PGE2 EP2 in the hippocampus. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed at postnatal days (P) 1, 7, 14, 28, and 56 for immunohistochemical staining for EP2 and doublecortin as well as western blot for EP2. In addition, COX-2 knockout and its wild-type mice were euthanized for immunohistochemical staining for EP2. Results: EP2 immunoreactivity was observed in the majority of the cells in the dentate gyrus at P1 and P7, while at P14, it was detected in the outer granule cell layer and was confined to its subgranular zone at P28 and P56. EP2 protein levels in the hippocampal homogenates were also highest at P7 and lowest at P56. EP2 immunoreactivity was partially colocalized, with doublecortin (DCX)-immunoreactive neuroblasts appearing in the mid-zone of the granule cell layer at P14 and in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus at P28. Co-localization of EP2 and DCX was significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus in the P28 group compared with that in the P14 group. In COX-2 knockout mice, EP2 immunoreactivity was significantly decreased in the hippocampal CA1 region (P=0.000165) and dentate gyrus (P=0.00898). Conclusion: EP2 decreases with age, which is expressed in DCX-immunoreactive neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus. This suggests that EP2 is closely linked to structural lamination and adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Veterinary Science Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, South Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Min Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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3
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Nango H, Kosuge Y. Present State and Future Perspectives of Prostaglandins as a Differentiation Factor in Motor Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2097-2108. [PMID: 34032949 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spinal motor neurons have the longest axons that innervate the skeletal muscles of the central nervous system. Motor neuron diseases caused by spinal motor neuron cell death are incurable due to the unique and irreplaceable nature of their neural circuits. Understanding the mechanisms of neurogenesis, neuritogenesis, and synaptogenesis in motor neurons will allow investigators to develop new in vitro models and regenerative therapies for motor neuron diseases. In particular, small molecules can directly reprogram and convert into neural stem cells and neurons, and promote neuron-like cell differentiation. Prostaglandins are known to have a role in the differentiation and tissue regeneration of several cell types and organs. However, the involvement of prostaglandins in the differentiation of motor neurons from neural stem cells is poorly understood. The general cell line used in research on motor neuron diseases is the mouse neuroblastoma and spinal motor neuron fusion cell line NSC-34. Recently, our laboratory reported that prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin D2 enhanced the conversion of NSC-34 cells into motor neuron-like cells with neurite outgrowth. Moreover, we found that prostaglandin E2-differentiated NSC-34 cells had physiological and electrophysiological properties of mature motor neurons. In this review article, we provide contemporary evidence on the effects of prostaglandins, particularly prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin D2, on differentiation and neural conversion. We also discuss the potential of prostaglandins as candidates for the development of new therapeutic drugs for motor neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nango
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
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4
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Askenase MH, Goods BA, Beatty HE, Steinschneider AF, Velazquez SE, Osherov A, Landreneau MJ, Carroll SL, Tran TB, Avram VS, Drake RS, Gatter GJ, Massey JA, Karuppagounder SS, Ratan RR, Matouk CC, Sheth KN, Ziai WC, Parry-Jones AR, Awad IA, Zuccarello M, Thompson RE, Dawson J, Hanley DF, Love JC, Shalek AK, Sansing LH. Longitudinal transcriptomics define the stages of myeloid activation in the living human brain after intracerebral hemorrhage. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/56/eabd6279. [PMID: 33891558 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd6279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Opportunities to interrogate the immune responses in the injured tissue of living patients suffering from acute sterile injuries such as stroke and heart attack are limited. We leveraged a clinical trial of minimally invasive neurosurgery for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a severely disabling subtype of stroke, to investigate the dynamics of inflammation at the site of brain injury over time. Longitudinal transcriptional profiling of CD14+ monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils from hematomas of patients with ICH revealed that the myeloid response to ICH within the hematoma is distinct from that in the blood and occurs in stages conserved across the patient cohort. Initially, hematoma myeloid cells expressed a robust anabolic proinflammatory profile characterized by activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and expression of genes encoding immune factors and glycolysis. Subsequently, inflammatory gene expression decreased over time, whereas anti-inflammatory circuits were maintained and phagocytic and antioxidative pathways up-regulated. During this transition to immune resolution, glycolysis gene expression and levels of the potent proresolution lipid mediator prostaglandin E2 remained elevated in the hematoma, and unexpectedly, these elevations correlated with positive patient outcomes. Ex vivo activation of human macrophages by ICH-associated stimuli highlighted an important role for HIFs in production of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, including PGE2, which, in turn, augmented VEGF production. Our findings define the time course of myeloid activation in the human brain after ICH, revealing a conserved progression of immune responses from proinflammatory to proresolution states in humans after brain injury and identifying transcriptional programs associated with neurological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Askenase
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brittany A Goods
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES) and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hannah E Beatty
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arthur F Steinschneider
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sofia E Velazquez
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Artem Osherov
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Margaret J Landreneau
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shaina L Carroll
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES) and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tho B Tran
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victor S Avram
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Riley S Drake
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES) and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G James Gatter
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES) and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordan A Massey
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Saravanan S Karuppagounder
- Sperling Center for Hemorrhagic Stroke Recovery, Burke Neurological Institute at Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajiv R Ratan
- Sperling Center for Hemorrhagic Stroke Recovery, Burke Neurological Institute at Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles C Matouk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin N Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wendy C Ziai
- Division of Brain Injury Outcomes, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adrian R Parry-Jones
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
| | - Issam A Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mario Zuccarello
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Richard E Thompson
- Division of Brain Injury Outcomes, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jesse Dawson
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel F Hanley
- Division of Brain Injury Outcomes, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES) and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lauren H Sansing
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Human and Translational Immunology Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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5
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Lahiani A, Haham-Geula D, Lankri D, Cornell-Kennon S, Schaefer EM, Tsvelikhovsky D, Lazarovici P. Neurotropic activity and safety of methylene-cycloalkylacetate (MCA) derivative 3-(3-allyl-2-methylenecyclohexyl) propanoic acid. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2577-2589. [PMID: 32667774 PMCID: PMC7497641 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyneuropathy is a disease involving multiple peripheral nerves injuries. Axon regrowth remains the major prerequisite for plasticity, regeneration, circuit formation, and eventually functional recovery and therefore, regulation of neurite outgrowth might be a candidate for treating polyneuropathies. In a recent study, we synthesized and established the methylene-cycloalkylacetate (MCAs) pharmacophore as a lead for the development of a neurotropic drug (inducing neurite/axonal outgrowth) using the PC12 neuronal model. In the present study we extended the characterizations of the in vitro neurotropic effect of the derivative 3-(3-allyl-2-methylenecyclohexyl) propanoic acid (MCA-13) on dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord neuronal cultures and analyzed its safety properties using blood biochemistry and cell counting, acute toxicity evaluation in mice and different in vitro "off-target" pharmacological evaluations. This MCA derivative deserves further preclinical mechanistic pharmacological characterizations including therapeutic efficacy in in vivo animal models of polyneuropathies, toward development of a clinically relevant neurotropic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Lahiani
- The
Institute for Drug Research, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Dikla Haham-Geula
- The
Institute for Drug Research, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - David Lankri
- The
Institute for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Susan Cornell-Kennon
- AssayQuant
Technologies Inc. 260
Cedar Hill Street, Marlboro, Massachusetts 01752, United States
| | - Erik M. Schaefer
- AssayQuant
Technologies Inc. 260
Cedar Hill Street, Marlboro, Massachusetts 01752, United States
| | - Dmitry Tsvelikhovsky
- The
Institute for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- The
Institute for Drug Research, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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6
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Nango H, Kosuge Y, Yoshimura N, Miyagishi H, Kanazawa T, Hashizaki K, Suzuki T, Ishige K. The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Prostaglandin D 2-Induced Neuritogenesis in Motor Neuron-Like NSC-34 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E934. [PMID: 32290308 PMCID: PMC7226968 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds derived from arachidonic acid. Our previous study has found that prostaglandin E2 promotes neurite outgrowth in NSC-34 cells, which are a model for motor neuron development. However, the effects of other prostaglandins on neuronal differentiation are poorly understood. The present study investigated the effect of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) on neuritogenesis in NSC-34 cells. Exposure to PGD2 resulted in increased percentages of neurite-bearing cells and neurite length. Although D-prostanoid receptor (DP) 1 and DP2 were dominantly expressed in the cells, BW245C (a DP1 agonist) and 15(R)-15-methyl PGD2 (a DP2 agonist) had no effect on neurite outgrowth. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that PGD2 was converted to 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) under cell-free conditions. Exogenously applied 15d-PGJ2 mimicked the effect of PGD2 on neurite outgrowth. GW9662, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) antagonist, suppressed PGD2-induced neurite outgrowth. Moreover, PGD2 and 15d-PGJ2 increased the protein expression of Islet-1 (the earliest marker of developing motor neurons), and these increases were suppressed by co-treatment with GW9662. These results suggest that PGD2 induces neuritogenesis in NSC-34 cells and that PGD2-induced neurite outgrowth was mediated by the activation of PPARγ through the metabolite 15d-PGJ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nango
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Nana Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroko Miyagishi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanazawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kaname Hashizaki
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Toyofumi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishige
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
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7
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Jang Y, Kim M, Hwang SW. Molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins on peripheral nociception. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:30. [PMID: 31969159 PMCID: PMC6975075 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins not only contribute to the development of inflammation as intercellular pro-inflammatory mediators, but also promote the excitability of the peripheral somatosensory system, contributing to pain exacerbation. Peripheral tissues undergo many forms of diseases that are frequently accompanied by inflammation. The somatosensory nerves innervating the inflamed areas experience heightened excitability and generate and transmit pain signals. Extensive studies have been carried out to elucidate how prostaglandins play their roles for such signaling at the cellular and molecular levels. Here, we briefly summarize the roles of arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins, focusing on four prostaglandins and one thromboxane, particularly in terms of their actions on afferent nociceptors. We discuss the biosynthesis of the prostaglandins, their specific action sites, the pathological alteration of the expression levels of related proteins, the neuronal outcomes of receptor stimulation, their correlation with behavioral nociception, and the pharmacological efficacy of their regulators. This overview will help to a better understanding of the pathological roles that prostaglandins play in the somatosensory system and to a finding of critical molecular contributors to normalizing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Psychiatry and Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sun Wook Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea. .,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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8
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Hennebelle M, Metherel AH, Kitson AP, Otoki Y, Yang J, Lee KSS, Hammock BD, Bazinet RP, Taha AY. Brain oxylipin concentrations following hypercapnia/ischemia: effects of brain dissection and dissection time. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:671-682. [PMID: 30463986 PMCID: PMC6399504 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d084228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PUFAs are precursors to bioactive oxylipin metabolites that increase in the brain following CO2-induced hypercapnia/ischemia. It is not known whether the brain-dissection process and its duration also alter these metabolites. We applied CO2 with or without head-focused microwave fixation for 2 min to evaluate the effects of CO2-induced asphyxiation, dissection, and dissection time on brain oxylipin concentrations. Compared with head-focused microwave fixation (control), CO2 followed by microwave fixation prior to dissection increased oxylipins derived from lipoxygenase (LOX), 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH), cytochrome P450 (CYP), and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzymatic pathways. This effect was enhanced when the duration of postmortem ischemia was prolonged by 6.4 min prior to microwave fixation. Brains dissected from rats subjected to CO2 without microwave fixation showed greater increases in LOX, PGDH, CYP and sEH metabolites compared with all other groups, as well as increased cyclooxygenase metabolites. In nonmicrowave-irradiated brains, sEH metabolites and one CYP metabolite correlated positively and negatively with dissection time, respectively. This study presents new evidence that the dissection process and its duration increase brain oxylipin concentrations, and that this is preventable by microwave fixation. When microwave fixation is not available, lipidomic studies should account for dissection time to reduce these artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hennebelle
- Departments of Food Science and Technology University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alex P Kitson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yurika Otoki
- Departments of Food Science and Technology University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Food and Biodynamic Laboratory Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Yang
- Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Departments of Food Science and Technology University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Departments of Food Science and Technology University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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9
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Prostaglandin E2 facilitates neurite outgrowth in a motor neuron-like cell line, NSC-34. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 135:64-71. [PMID: 28966102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) exerts various biological effects by binding to E-prostanoid receptors (EP1-4). Although recent studies have shown that PGE2 induces cell differentiation in some neuronal cells such as mouse DRG neurons and sensory neuron-like ND7/23 cells, it is unclear whether PGE2 plays a role in differentiation of motor neurons. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of PGE2-induced differentiation of motor neurons using NSC-34, a mouse motor neuron-like cell line. Exposure of undifferentiated NSC-34 cells to PGE2 and butaprost, an EP2-selective agonist, resulted in a reduction of MTT reduction activity without increase the number of propidium iodide-positive cells and in an increase in the number of neurite-bearing cells. Sulprostone, an EP1/3 agonist, also significantly lowered MTT reduction activity by 20%; however, no increase in the number of neurite-bearing cells was observed within the concentration range tested. PGE2-induced neurite outgrowth was attenuated significantly in the presence of PF-0441848, an EP2-selective antagonist. Treatment of these cells with dibutyryl-cAMP increased the number of neurite-bearing cells with no effect on cell proliferation. These results suggest that PGE2 promotes neurite outgrowth and suppresses cell proliferation by activating the EP2 subtype, and that the cAMP-signaling pathway is involved in PGE2-induced differentiation of NSC-34 cells.
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10
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Mitani K, Sekiguchi F, Maeda T, Tanaka Y, Yoshida S, Kawabata A. The prostaglandin E2/EP4 receptor/cyclic AMP/T-type Ca(2+) channel pathway mediates neuritogenesis in sensory neuron-like ND7/23 cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 130:177-80. [PMID: 27032908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated mechanisms for the neuritogenesis caused by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) in sensory neuron-like ND7/23 cells. PGE2 caused neuritogenesis, an effect abolished by an EP4 receptor antagonist or inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase (AC) or protein kinase A (PKA) and mimicked by the AC activator forskolin, dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP), and selective activators of PKA or Epac. ND7/23 cells expressed both Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 T-type Ca(2+) channels (T-channels). The neuritogenesis induced by db-cAMP or PGE2 was abolished by T-channel blockers. T-channels were functionally upregulated by db-cAMP. The PGE2/EP4/cAMP/T-channel pathway thus appears to mediate neuritogenesis in sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Mitani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, (formerly Kinki University), Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Fumiko Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, (formerly Kinki University), Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Maeda
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, (formerly Kinki University), Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yukari Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, (formerly Kinki University), Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yoshida
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, (formerly Kinki University), Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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11
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Tsuchiya H, Hohjoh H, Fujiwara Y, Sugimoto Y, Koshimizu TA. Prostaglandin D2 elicits the reversible neurite retraction in hypothalamic cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:804-10. [PMID: 26820529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) play important roles in diverse physiological processes in the central nervous system. PGD2 is the most abundant PG in the brain and acts through specific receptors, DP1 and CRTH2. We investigated the effects of PGD2 on the morphology of the hypothalamic cell line mHypoE-N37 (N37). In N37 cells, serum starvation induced neurite outgrowth and PGD2 elicited neurite retraction, although we failed to detect transcripts for DP1 and CRTH2. Such an effect of PGD2 was efficiently mimicked by its metabolite, 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2. N-acetyl cysteine completely abolished the effect of PGD2, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were considered to be important. Notably, neurite outgrowth was restored by PGD2 removal. These results suggest that PGD2 induces reversible neurite retraction in a ROS-mediated mechanism that does not involve any known receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Tsuchiya
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Hohjoh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yoko Fujiwara
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Koshimizu
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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12
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Abdu E, Bruun DA, Yang D, Yang J, Inceoglu B, Hammock BD, Alkayed NJ, Lein PJ. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids enhance axonal growth in primary sensory and cortical neuronal cell cultures. J Neurochem 2011; 117:632-42. [PMID: 21155804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been reported that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), the major enzyme that metabolizes epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), is expressed in axons of cortical neurons; however, the functional relevance of axonal sEH localization is unknown. Immunocytochemical analyses demonstrate predominant axonal localization of sEH in primary cultures of not only cortical but also sympathetic and sensory neurons. Morphometric analyses of cultured sensory neurons indicate that exposure to a regioisomeric mixture of EETs (0.01-1.0 μM) causes a concentration-dependent increase in axon outgrowth. This axon promoting activity is not a generalized property of all regioisomers of EETs as axonal growth is enhanced in sensory neurons exposed to 14,15-EET but not 8,9- or 11,12-EET. 14,15-EET also promotes axon outgrowth in cultured cortical neurons. Co-exposure to EETs and either of two structurally diverse pharmacological inhibitors of sEH potentiates the axon-enhancing activity of EETs in sensory and cortical neurons. Mass spectrometry indicates that sEH inhibition significantly increases EETs and significantly decreases dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid metabolites in neuronal cell cultures. These data indicate that EETs enhance axon outgrowth and suggest that axonal sEH activity regulates EETs-induced axon outgrowth. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic use of sEH inhibitors in promoting nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emun Abdu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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13
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Wise H. Lack of interaction between prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes in regulating adenylyl cyclase activity in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 535:69-77. [PMID: 16545798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The hyperalgesic response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is thought to be mediated by activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway in primary sensory neurones. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative contribution of different PGE2 (EP) receptor subtypes to the overall activity of adenylyl cyclase in adult rat isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, in vitro. PGE2 and the prostanoid EP4 receptor agonist ONO-AE1-329 increased [3H]cAMP production with EC50 values of 500 nM and 70 nM, respectively, and showed similar efficacies. No combination of prostanoid EP1, EP2, EP3 or EP4 receptor selective agonists produced synergistic increases in [3H]cAMP. The prostacyclin mimetic cicaprost increased [3H]cAMP production with an EC50 value of 42 nM and produced a significantly greater maximal response compared with PGE2. No evidence for prostanoid EP3 receptor-dependent inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity could be obtained to account for the relatively weak effect of PGE2 compared with prostacyclin receptor agonists. Interestingly, sulprostone (prostanoid EP3/EP1 receptor agonist) caused a Rho-kinase-dependent retraction of neurites, suggesting an alternative role for prostanoid EP3 receptors in DRG cells. In conclusion, PGE2 mediated increases in adenylyl cyclase activity in primary sensory neurones is likely to be mediated by activation of prostanoid EP4 receptors, and is not under inhibitory control by prostanoid EP3 receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Alprostadil/analogs & derivatives
- Alprostadil/pharmacology
- Amides/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/biosynthesis
- Dinoprostone/analogs & derivatives
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Epoprostenol/analogs & derivatives
- Epoprostenol/pharmacology
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Male
- Methyl Ethers/pharmacology
- Neurites/drug effects
- Neurites/metabolism
- Prostaglandin D2/pharmacology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/physiology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Time Factors
- Tritium
- rho-Associated Kinases
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Wise
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
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14
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Kohno KI, Kawakami T, Hiruma H. Effects of soluble laminin on organelle transport and neurite growth in cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons: Difference between primary neurites and branches. J Cell Physiol 2005; 205:253-61. [PMID: 15887233 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Laminin, an extracellular matrix molecule, is known to promote neurite growth. In the present study, the effects of soluble laminin on organelle transport and their relation to neurite growth were investigated in cultured dissociated mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Laminin added into the extracellular medium was deposited on the surface of DRG neurons. DRG neurons incubated with soluble laminin exhibited branched, long, and thin neurites. Time-lapse study demonstrated that many small-diameter branches were newly formed after the addition of laminin. Thus, the growths of large-diameter primary neuritis, arising from cell bodies and branches extended from growth cones of primary neuritis, were analyzed separately. Laminin decreased the growth rate of primary neurites but increased that of branches. In primary neurites, acute addition of laminin rapidly decreased organelle movement in the neurite shaft and growth cone, accompanied by slowing of the growth cone advance. Branching of primary neurites occurred in response to laminin in some growth cones. In these growth cones, organelles protruded into nascent branches. In branches, soluble laminin increased organelle movement in the growth cone and the distal portion of the shaft. These results suggest that laminin inhibits the elongation of primary neurites but promotes branching and elongation of branches, all of which seem to be closely related to organelle transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Kohno
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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15
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Bernardini N, Neuhuber W, Reeh PW, Sauer SK. Morphological evidence for functional capsaicin receptor expression and calcitonin gene-related peptide exocytosis in isolated peripheral nerve axons of the mouse. Neuroscience 2004; 126:585-90. [PMID: 15183508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rat sciatic nerve axons express capsaicin, proton and heat sensitivity and respond to stimulation with a Ca2+-dependent and graded calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release. In this study we demonstrate that similar functions, including capsaicin-induced CGRP release, are to be found in the desheathed sciatic nerve of the mouse. We have morphologically investigated the mechanisms of this axonal release in regions away from the active zones of synapses. Capsaicin receptor 1 (TRPV1) and CGRP immunostaining was performed using electron microscopic visualization. TRPV1 was identified in the axoplasm and inside vesicles--presumably on axonal transport--as well as in considerable quantity in the axonal plasma membrane of unmyelinated nerve fibers. Most of the unmyelinated axons were immunopositive for CGRP and in unstimulated nerves CGRP-containing vesicles almost entirely filled the axoplasm. After capsaicin stimulation (10(-6) M for 5 min), the fibers appeared depleted of CGRP with only few vesicles remaining as well as some residual staining of the axoplasm. In addition a large number of vesicles were fused with the axonal membrane, forming classical exocytotic figures--the omega structures--lined with CGRP immunoreactive product. These results present morphological evidence for the distribution of TRPV1 along unmyelinated axons in peripheral nerve and also provide the first demonstration of vesicular neuropeptide exocytosis along unmyelinated axons in peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bernardini
- Institut für Physiologie und Experimentelle Pathophysiologie, Erlangen-Universität, Universitätstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Fischer MJM, Reeh PW, Sauer SK. Proton-induced calcitonin gene-related peptide release from rat sciatic nerve axons, in vitro, involving TRPV1. Eur J Neurosci 2003; 18:803-10. [PMID: 12925006 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously that rat sciatic nerve axons in vitro express sensitivity to capsaicin and heat and responded to these stimuli with a Ca2+-dependent and graded immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide release. Morphological evidence for stimulated vesicular exocytosis and for the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 in the axolemma of the unmyelinated nerve fibres has also been presented. Here we used solutions of low pH, high K+ or 47 degrees C to stimulate isolated desheathed sciatic nerves measuring immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide release. pH 6.1 increased immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide release by 31% over baseline and pH 5.2 and 4.3 caused a log-linear concentration-dependent increase of 137 and 265%, respectively. The effect of pH 3.4 was out of the linear range and not reversible. Stimulation in Ca2+-free solutions and under increased intracellular Ca2+ buffering capacity strongly reduced the proton responses. The TRPV1 antagonists capsazepine and ruthenium red substantially reduced the effects of pH 5.2 but not pH 6.1. Combining a stimulus of 60 mm K+ with the subliminal pH 6.3 reduced the axonal immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide response by 88%. The noxious heat response at pH 6.3, however, was only reduced by 39%, suggesting a hidden sensitization to heat by low pH. This was supported by an effect of capsazepine to reduce the combined response to half, indicative of an involvement of TRPV1 in the sensitization but not in the axonal heat response itself that was found to be resistant to capsazepine. Axonal calcitonin gene-related peptide release is thought to play a physiological role in activity-dependent autoregulation of endoneurial blood flow. Axonal sensitivity to and sensitization by protons may be a pathophysiological mechanism involved in certain peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J M Fischer
- Institut für Physiologie und Experimentelle Pathophysiologie, Universität Erlangen/Nürnberg, Universitätsstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Hiruma H, Saito A, Kusakabe T, Takenaka T, Kawakami T. Neuropeptide Y inhibits axonal transport of particles in neurites of cultured adult mouse dorsal root ganglion cells. J Physiol 2002; 543:85-97. [PMID: 12181283 PMCID: PMC2290469 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.020578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a modulatory role in processing nociceptive information. The present study investigated the effects of NPY on axonal transport of particles in neurites of cultured adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells using video-enhanced microscopy. Application of NPY decreased the number of particles transported in both the anterograde and retrograde directions. This effect was persistently observed during NPY application and was reversed after washout. The inhibitory effect of NPY was concentration dependent between 10(-9) M and 10(-6) M. The instantaneous velocity of individual particles moving in anterograde and retrograde directions was also reduced by NPY. Both the NPY Y1 receptor agonist [Leu31,Pro34]-NPY and NPY Y2 receptor agonist NPY(13-36) mimicked the effect of NPY on the number of transported particles. An immunocytochemical study using an antiserum against the NPY Y1 receptor protein revealed that the Y1 receptor was expressed in the majority (85.9 %) of cultured adult mouse DRG cells. Pre-treatment of cells with pertussis toxin, a GTP-binding protein (G protein) inhibitor, completely blocked the inhibitory effect of NPY. Each application of SQ-22536, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, and H-89, a protein kinase A inhibitor, mimicked and occluded the effect of NPY. In contrast, dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP), a membrane permeable cAMP analogue, and forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, produced a transient increase in axonal transport. The application of dbcAMP and forskolin in combination with NPY negated the effect of NPY alone. These results suggest that NPY, acting at Y1 and Y2 receptors, inhibits axonal transport of particles in sensory neurones. The effect seems to be mediated by a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, adenylate cyclase, and protein kinase A pathway. Therefore, NPY may be a modulatory factor for axonal transport in sensory neurones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Hiruma
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara 228-8555, Japan.
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