|
1
|
Rodrigues RBA, Zafalon RVA, Rentas MF, Risolia LW, Macedo HT, Perini MP, da Silva AMG, Marchi PH, Balieiro JCDC, Mendes WS, Vendramini THA, Brunetto MA. The Supplementation of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Concentrated Fish Oil Enhances Cognitive Function in Puppies. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2938. [PMID: 37760338 PMCID: PMC10525578 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has an important role in brain development and functionality. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of DHA-concentrated fish oil on the cognitive function of puppies. Twelve 3-month-old puppies were included, blocked by breed and randomly distributed into two groups: the Control Group (CG), without supplementation, and the Experimental Group (EG), supplemented with 40 mg DHA/kg BW/day. The object discrimination test was used, with a normal stage (NS) and a reverse stage (RS), and blood samples were collected to evaluate the serum polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) before (T0) and 30 (T1), 60 (T2) and 90 (T3) days after beginning the study. For the NS, there were effects of treatment (p = 0.0039) and time (p < 0.0001), in which the correct answer frequency in the EG was higher than the CG. The serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + HA concentrations at T1, T2 and T3 were higher than at T0 for the EG (p = 0.0159), in addition, EG showed higher serum EPA + DHA concentrations than CG at T2 (p = 0.0245). The TAC values were similar between the groups (p = 0.3211). It was concluded that the cognitive function of puppies can be enhanced with DHA-concentrated fish oil supplementation without increasing the serum lipid oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bueno Ayres Rodrigues
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Larissa Wünsche Risolia
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Henrique Tobaro Macedo
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Mariana Pamplona Perini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Amanda Maria Gomes da Silva
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Marchi
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | | | - Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (R.B.A.R.); (R.V.A.Z.); (M.F.R.); (L.W.R.); (H.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (A.M.G.d.S.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
González MJ, Miranda-Massari JR, Mora EM, Guzmán A, Riordan NH, Riordan HD, Casciari JJ, Jackson JA, Román-Franco A. Orthomolecular Oncology Review: Ascorbic Acid and Cancer 25 Years Later. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 4:32-44. [PMID: 15695476 DOI: 10.1177/1534735404273861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of ascorbic acid on cancer has been a subject of great controversy. This is a follow-up review of the 1979 article by Cameron, Pauling, and Leibovitz published in Cancer Research. In this updated version, the authors address general aspects of ascorbic acid and cancer that have been presented before, while reviewing, analyzing, and updating new existing literature on the subject. In addition, they present and discuss their own mechanistic hypothesis on the effect of ascorbic acid on the cancer cell. The objective of this review is to provide an updated scientific basis for the use of ascorbic acid, especially intravenously as adjuvant treatment in pharmacological nutritional oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J González
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Graduate School of Public Health, Department Human Development, Nutrition Program, PO Box 365067, San Juan, PR.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to give a brief overview on the role of dietary fat in carcinogenesis and as possible anticancer agents. Dietary fat is an essential nutrient and important source for the essential fatty acids (FA), linoleic and α-linolenic acids, which contribute to proper growth and development. However, dietary fat has been associated with the development of colorectal, breast, prostate, endometrial and ovarian cancers, with the type and quality of fat playing an underlying role. Tumour growth is the disruption of the homoeostatic balance regulating cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis and is associated with altered lipid metabolism. Animal cancer models and human cancer biopsy tissue demonstrate that a characteristic lipid profile is associated with the growth and development of neoplastic lesions. This entails alterations in membrane cholesterol, phospholipid and PUFA metabolism. Particularly, alterations in cell membrane FA metabolism involving the n-6 and n-3 PUFA, are associated with changes in membrane structure, function, cellular oxidative status, activity of enzymes and signalling pathways. These events are a driving force in sustaining the altered growth of cancerous lesions and provide unique targets for intervention/cancer modulation. Challenges in utilising FA in cancer modulation exist regarding intake and effect on cell structure and biochemical interactions within the cell in the prevention of cancer development. Therefore, utilising dietary PUFA in a specific n-6:n-3 ratio may be an important chemopreventive tool in altering the growth characteristics of cancer cells.
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Nishimura G, Yanoma S, Mizuno H, Kawakami K, Tsukuda M. An antioxidant, probucol, induces anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis in athymic nude mouse xenografted human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Jpn J Cancer Res 1999; 90:1224-30. [PMID: 10622533 PMCID: PMC5926022 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1999.tb00700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Probucol is a very strong synthetic antioxidant that was been safely used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in Japan since 1985. It has been reported that lipid oxidation products can alter growth factor production, which could influence smooth muscle cell proliferation. Oxidized low density lipoprotein can influence smooth muscle cell proliferation by enhancing the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA gene and PDGF receptor in vascular smooth muscle cell. Further, free radical reactions can cause irreversible alterations of genomic constituents during the initiation phase of carcinogenesis. Antioxidant is considered to protect lipids and low density lipoprotein (LDL) from oxidation, which potentially inhibits angiogenesis, and rapid removal of free radicals by antioxidants could have an anti-carcinogenic effect. In the present study, we investigated whether antioxidant treatment with probucol had an antitumor effect on KB cells, a human head and neck squamous carcinoma cell line. Probucol did not have any effect on KB cells in vitro, but probucol treatment of KB cells xenografts in mice had a significant antitumor effect through anti-angiogenic and apoptosis-inducing actions. These results support the idea that probucol is useful for preventing and/or treating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Nishimura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|