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Ahmad S, Jan K, Sahu JK, Jan S, Chauhan K, Bashir K. Physicochemical, thermal, and functional properties of edible red algae (Gracilaria corticata). J Food Sci 2024; 89:5425-5433. [PMID: 39126689 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In the present research, physicochemical, functional, and antioxidant properties of Gracilaria corticata (GC) powder were evaluated. The seaweed was found rich in protein (21%) carbohydrate (53.03%) and fat (7.8%). The inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry showed among the mineral's calcium (13.987 mg/g) and magnesium (7.48 mg/g) were found to be in higher percent. Three transition peaks were observed as the samples were subjected to DSC (-5.27°C for fat, 82.25°C for carbohydrates, and 98.79°C for proteins). The CHNS analysis demonstrated sulfur content (2.23%) depicts presence of sulfate polysaccharide confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra band at 1235 cm-1. A significant increase in the swelling capacity (14.26-21 mL/g) and water holding capacity (8.21-9.09 g/g) was observed as the temperature was increased from 25 to 80°C. On the contrary, oil holding capacity decreased significantly from 3.98 to 2.11 g/g with an increase in temperature. Nowadays, the sedentary lifestyle leads to chronic disease; however, the antioxidants derived from plants provide the biochemical defense from free radical formation. The marine-derived algal are good sources of nutrition and antioxidants, being natural sources of GC, the antioxidant activity exhibited by total phenolic content and α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl were found to be (11 mg GAE/g and 18%) inhibition, respectively. The principal phytochemicals profile was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as catechin, coumaric acid, phloroglucinol, and luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ahmad
- Department of Food Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kulsum Jan
- Department of Food Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Jatindra K Sahu
- Centre for Rural Development Department and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shumaila Jan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, NIFTEM-K, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Komal Chauhan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, NIFTEM-K, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Khalid Bashir
- Department of Food Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Amoriello T, Mellara F, Amoriello M, Ciccoritti R. Evaluation of Nutritional Values of Edible Algal Species Using a Shortwave Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning Technique. Foods 2024; 13:2277. [PMID: 39063361 PMCID: PMC11275431 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the growing demand for algae in Western countries is due to their richness in nutrients and bioactive compounds, and their use as ingredients for foods, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, fertilizers, biofuels,, etc. Evaluation of the qualitative characteristics of algae involves assessing their physicochemical and nutritional components to determine their suitability for specific end uses, but this assessment is generally performed using destructive, expensive, and time-consuming traditional chemical analyses, and requires sample preparation. The hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique has been successfully applied in food quality assessment and control and has the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional biochemical methods. In this study, the nutritional profile (proteins, lipids, and fibers) of seventeen edible macro- and microalgae species widely grown throughout the world were investigated using traditional methods. Moreover, a shortwave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging device and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms were used to develop multi-species models for proteins, lipids, and fibers. The predictive power of the models was characterized by different metrics, which showed very high predictive performances for all nutritional parameters (for example, R2 = 0.9952, 0.9767, 0.9828 for proteins, lipids, and fibers, respectively). Our results demonstrated the ability of SWIR hyperspectral imaging coupled with ANN algorithms in quantifying biomolecules in algal species in a fast and sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Amoriello
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Mellara
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Monica Amoriello
- CREA Central Administration, Via Archimede 59, 00197 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Ciccoritti
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy
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3
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Guan B, Sun Y, Liu X, Zhong C, Li D, Shan X, Hui X, Lu C, Huo Y, Sun R, Wei M, Zheng W. Comparative evaluation of amino acid profiles, fatty acid compositions, and nutritional value of two varieties of head water Porphyra yezoensis: "Jianghaida No. 1" and "Sutong No.1". Food Chem X 2024; 22:101375. [PMID: 38633737 PMCID: PMC11021842 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Comparative nutritional analysis of Porphyra yezoensis strains "Jianghai No. 1" and "Sutong No.1" revealed significant differences in crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, and total sugar. Both strains contained 16 amino acids, with alanine as the highest and histidine the lowest content. Methionine was determined to be the first limiting amino acid for both strains in both amino acid score and chemical score assessment. They also featured 24 fatty acids, differing notably in four saturated fatty acids and five unsaturated fatty acids. All 12 mineral elements were present, notably differing in sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc. The "Jianghai No. 1" strain stands out with its nutrient-rich profile, featuring high protein content, low fat, and abundant minerals, which could potentially command higher market prices and generate greater economic benefits due to its superior nutritional, and set a strong foundation for its future large-scale promotion and cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yuyan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xuxiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Chongyu Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Desheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xin Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xingxing Hui
- Lianyungang Xiangheng Food Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Chaofa Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yujia Huo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Runkai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Min Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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Segaran TC, Azra MN, Mohd Noor MI, Danish-Daniel M, Burlakovs J, Lananan F, Xu J, Kari ZA, Wei LS. Knowledge mapping analysis of the global seaweed research using CiteSpace. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28418. [PMID: 38560172 PMCID: PMC10981124 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Seaweed research has gained substantial momentum in recent years, attracting the attention of researchers, academic institutions, industries, policymakers, and philanthropists to explore its potential applications and benefits. Despite the growing body of literature, there is a paucity of comprehensive scientometric analyses, highlighting the need for an in-depth investigation. In this study, we utilized CiteSpace to examine the global seaweed research landscape through the Web of Science Core Collection database, assessing publication trends, collaboration patterns, network structures, and co-citation analyses across 48,278 original works published since 1975. Our results demonstrate a diverse and active research community, with a multitude of authors and journals contributing to the advancement of seaweed science. Thematic co-citation cluster analysis identified three primary research areas: "Coral reef," "Solar radiation," and "Mycosporine-like amino acid," emphasizing the multidisciplinary nature of seaweed research. The increasing prominence of "Chemical composition" and "Antioxidant" keywords indicates a burgeoning interest in characterizing the nutritional value and health-promoting properties of seaweed. Timeline co-citation analysis unveils that recent research priorities have emerged around the themes of coral reefs, ocean acidification, and antioxidants, underlining the evolving focus and interdisciplinary approach of the field. Moreover, our analysis highlights the potential of seaweed as a functional food product, poised to contribute significantly to addressing global food security and sustainability challenges. This study underscores the importance of bibliometric analysis in elucidating the global seaweed research landscape and emphasizes the need for sustained knowledge exchange and collaboration to drive the field forward. By revealing key findings and emerging trends, our research offers valuable insights for academics and stakeholders, fostering a more profound understanding of seaweed's potential and informing future research endeavors in this promising domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirukanthan Chandra Segaran
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Nor Azra
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry, Earth Sciences and Maritime Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Pemenang, 83352, Indonesia
| | - Mohd Iqbal Mohd Noor
- Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) (Pahang), 27600, Raub, Pahang, Malaysia
- Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhd Danish-Daniel
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Juris Burlakovs
- Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | - Fathurrahman Lananan
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, 21300, Malaysia
| | - Juntian Xu
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, No. 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou District, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Lee Seong Wei
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Tropical Rainforest Research Centre (TRaCe), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pulau Banding, 33300, Gerik, Perak, Malaysia
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Gamero-Vega G, Vásquez-Corales E, Ormeño-Llanos M, Cordova-Ruiz M, Quitral V. Characterization of Red Seaweed Chondracanthus Chamissoi from the Coasts of Perú: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity and Functional Properties. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:137-142. [PMID: 38206480 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The present investigation finds that Chondracanthus chamissoi seaweed abounding in Peruvian coasts is characterized by its nutritional composition, total polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, and functional properties such as water-holding capacity (WHC), oil-holding capacity (OHC), and swelling capacity (SC). Boiling and steaming were applied before dehydration to evaluate the effect of these thermal treatments, keeping a control sample. The results indicated that the control dried seaweed sample presented 20.2 ± 0.16 g/100 g dw of proteins, 20.0 ± 0.61 g/100 g dw of ash, and 56.6 ± 0.08 g/100 g dw of total dietary fiber. In addition, the control sample presented 1.6 ± 0.07 mg GAE/g of total polyphenol content and 2.4 ± 0.30 mM Trolox mg/g of antioxidant capacity. In boiling samples, the apparent nutrient retention factors for proteins, fat, and dietary fiber are 96, 47 and 74%, respectively. In the steaming sample, the values were 102, 29, and 92%. The boiling before dehydration causes a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in total polyphenols and increases carbohydrates. Steaming before dehydration, a significant (p < 0.05) increase occurs in carbohydrates without significantly altering the concentration of total polyphenols. Regarding the functional properties, C. chamissoi presents 17.6 ± 0.15 g/g of WHC, 2.4 ± 0.78 g/g of OHC, and 9.8 ± 0.75 mL/g of SC. Boiling produces an increase in WHC and OHC; steaming does not affect the properties of the control sample.C. chamissoi seaweed collected from the coasts of Perú is an excellent alternative for use as food and ingredients in processed foods for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulianna Gamero-Vega
- Escuela Profesional de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Los Ángeles de Chimbote, Chimbote, Perú, 02801, Perú
| | - Edison Vásquez-Corales
- Escuela Profesional de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Los Ángeles de Chimbote, Chimbote, Perú, 02801, Perú
| | - Mily Ormeño-Llanos
- Escuela Profesional de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Los Ángeles de Chimbote, Chimbote, Perú, 02801, Perú
| | - Madeleine Cordova-Ruiz
- Escuela Profesional de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Los Ángeles de Chimbote, Chimbote, Perú, 02801, Perú
| | - Vilma Quitral
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, 8370003, Chile.
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Kim ST, Conklin SD, Redan BW, Ho KK. Determination of the Nutrient and Toxic Element Content of Wild-Collected and Cultivated Seaweeds from Hawai'i. ACS FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 4:595-605. [PMID: 38528908 PMCID: PMC10961648 DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.3c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
For centuries, Hawaiians have gathered seaweed for food, medicine, and ceremonial purposes. Seaweed contains nutrients, but some varieties can accumulate toxic elements. We measured target macrominerals (Na, Mg, P, K, Ca), microminerals (B, V, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo), and nonessential/toxic elements (As, Sr, Cd, Sn, Hg, Pb, and U) in a sample of wild-collected and cultivated seaweeds from Hawai'i. The samples consisted of brown (Sargassum aquifolium, Sargassum echinocarpum), red (Gracilaria parvispora, Halymenia formosa, Halymenia hawaiiana), and green (Ulva ohnoi) seaweed. Elemental composition was determined by inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-atomic emission spectroscopy and ICP-mass spectrometry (MS). Speciation of As was conducted by using liquid chromatography-ICP-MS. S. echinocarpum per 80 g serving was high in Ca (~37% daily value [DV]), U. ohnoi was high in Mg (~40%DV), H. formosa was high in Fe (~40%DV), and G. parvispora was high in Mn (~128%DV). In this study, the highest amounts of toxic elements were observed in S. aquifolium and S. echinocarpum (27.6 mg inorganic As/kg fdw), G. parvispora (43.3 mg Pb/kg fdw) and H. formosa (46.6 mg Pb/kg fdw). These results indicate that although seaweeds from Hawai'i contain a variety of nutrients, some species can accumulate high amounts of toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Kim
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, United States
| | - Sean D. Conklin
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, 20740, United States
| | - Benjamin W. Redan
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Safety, Bedford Park, IL, 60501, United States
| | - Kacie K.H.Y. Ho
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, United States
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Honey O, Nihad SAI, Rahman MA, Rahman MM, Islam M, Chowdhury MZR. Exploring the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of three common seaweeds of Saint Martin's Island of Bangladesh. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26096. [PMID: 38404817 PMCID: PMC10884863 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants, which have long been deemed an indispensable guardian of human health, play a pivotal role in bolstering the body's defense against a plethora of diseases. Three well-recognized seaweeds in Bangladesh, including Caulerpa racemosa, Padina tetrastromatica, and Hypnea musciformis, were subjected to meticulous analysis to reveal their phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial efficacy using advanced spectroscopic and disc diffusion methods. Intriguingly, we observed that C. racemosa emerges as frontrunners, possessing a substantial arsenal of phenol (143.08 ± 18.51 mg gallic acid equivalent g─1) and flavonoid (63.79 ± 2.16 mg rutin equivalent g─1). More fundamentally, C. racemosa exhibits a notable enrichment in the content of tannin (73.58 mg RE g─1) and chlorophyll (13.50 mg g─1), as well as, antioxidant capacity (4457.67 μg g─1). P. tetrastromatica, on the other hand, displayed commendable effectiveness in scavenging the DPPH radical, with percentages ranging from 53.98 to 62.17%. In terms of hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging activity, C. racemosa exhibited the highest efficacy at 400 g mL─1. Fascinatingly, C. racemosa exhibited an impressive antioxidant potential, as evidenced by its exceptionally low IC50 value of 5.58 μg mL-1 for OH• scavenging, whereas P. tetrastromatica showed impressively low value of 0.96 μg mL-1 for DPPH scavenging. Although the three seaweeds demonstrated limited efficacy against a spectrum of five human pathogenic bacteria, their potential as abundant sources of antioxidants remains unscathed. Notably, heatmap and PCA analysis revealed that C. racemosa and P. tetrastromatica emerge as the leading contender for studied antioxidant compounds, demonstrating their proclivity for antioxidant extraction, a trait that could be exploited for large-scale production of these valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omma Honey
- Institute of Marine Science and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mezanur Rahman
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Mahibul Islam
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Tripathi G, Dubey P, Ahmad S, Farooqui A, Mishra V. Role of Algal-derived Bioactive Compounds in Human Health. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2024; 18:190-209. [PMID: 37537776 DOI: 10.2174/1872208317666230623141740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Algae is emerging as a bioresource with high biological potential. Various algal strains have been used in traditional medicines and human diets worldwide. They are a rich source of bioactive compounds like ascorbic acid, riboflavin, pantothenate, biotin, folic acid, nicotinic acid, phycocyanins, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), adrenic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), etc. Beta-carotene, astaxanthin, and phycobiliproteins are different classes of pigments that are found in algae. They possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The sulfur-coated polysaccharides in algae have been used as an anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral agent. Scientists have exploited algal-derived bioactive compounds for developing lead molecules against several diseases. Due to the surge in research on bioactive molecules from algae, industries have started showing interest in patenting for the large-scale production of bioactive compounds having applications in sectors like pharmaceuticals, food, and beverage. In the food industry, algae are used as a thickening, gelling, and stabilizing agent. Due to their gelling and thickening characteristics, the most valuable algae products are macroalgal polysaccharides such as agar, alginates, and carrageenan. The high protein, lipid, and nutrient content in microalgae makes it a superfood for aquaculture. The present review aims at describing various non-energy-based applications of algae in pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals. This review attempts to analyze information on algal-derived drugs that have shown better potential and reached clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanendra Tripathi
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Priyanka Dubey
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Suhail Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Alvina Farooqui
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Vishal Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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Şensu E, Ayar EN, Okudan EŞ, Özçelik B, Yücetepe A. Characterization of Proteins Extracted from Ulva sp., Padina sp., and Laurencia sp. Macroalgae Using Green Technology: Effect of In Vitro Digestion on Antioxidant and ACE-I Inhibitory Activity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48689-48703. [PMID: 38162757 PMCID: PMC10753567 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Macroalgal proteins were extracted from Ulva rigida (URPE) (green), Padina pavonica (PPPE) (brown), and Laurencia obtusa (LOPE) (red) using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction, which is one of the green extraction technologies. Techno-functional, characteristic, and digestibility properties, and biological activities including antioxidant (AOA) and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE-I) inhibitory activities were also investigated. According to the results, the extraction yield (EY) (94.74%) was detected in the extraction of L. obtusa, followed by U. rigida and P. pavonica. PPPE showed the highest ACE-I inhibitory activity before in vitro digestion. In contrast to PPPE, LOPE (20.90 ± 0.00%) and URPE (20.20 ± 0.00%) showed higher ACE-I inhibitory activity after in vitro digestion. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) (77.86 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g) was determined in LOPE. On the other hand, the highest AOACUPRAC (74.69 ± 1.78 mg TE/g) and AOAABTS (251.29 ± 5.0 mg TE/g) were detected in PPPE. After in vitro digestion, LOPE had the highest TPC (22.11 ± 2.18 mg GAE/g), AOACUPRAC (8.41 ± 0.06 mg TE/g), and AOAABTS (88.32 ± 0.65 mg TE/g) (p < 0.05). In vitro protein digestibility of three macroalgal protein extracts ranged from 84.35 ± 2.01% to 94.09 ± 0.00% (p < 0.05). Three macroalgae showed high oil holding capacity (OHC), especially PPPE (410.13 ± 16.37%) (p < 0.05), but they showed minimum foaming and emulsifying properties. The quality of the extracted macroalgal proteins was assessed using FTIR, SDS-PAGE, and DSC analyses. According to our findings, the method applied for macroalgal protein extraction could have a potential the promise of ultrasonication application as an environmentally friendly technology for food industry. Moreover, URPE, PPPE, and LOPE from sustainable sources may be attractive in terms of nourishment for people because of their digestibility, antioxidant properties, and ACE-I inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Şensu
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department
of Food Technology, Istanbul Gelisim Higher Vocational School, Istanbul Gelisim
University, Avcılar, Istanbul 34310, Turkey
| | - Eda Nur Ayar
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Beraat Özçelik
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- BIOACTIVE
Research & Innovation Food Manufac. Indust. Trade Ltd., Katar Street, Teknokent ARI-3, B110, Sarıyer 34467, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Yücetepe
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
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Siddik MAB, Francis P, Rohani MF, Azam MS, Mock TS, Francis DS. Seaweed and Seaweed-Based Functional Metabolites as Potential Modulators of Growth, Immune and Antioxidant Responses, and Gut Microbiota in Fish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2066. [PMID: 38136186 PMCID: PMC10740464 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed, also known as macroalgae, represents a vast resource that can be categorized into three taxonomic groups: Rhodophyta (red), Chlorophyta (green), and Phaeophyceae (brown). They are a good source of essential nutrients such as proteins, minerals, vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids. Seaweed also contains a wide range of functional metabolites, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, and pigments. This study comprehensively discusses seaweed and seaweed-derived metabolites and their potential as a functional feed ingredient in aquafeed for aquaculture production. Past research has discussed the nutritional role of seaweed in promoting the growth performance of fish, but their effects on immune response and gut health in fish have received considerably less attention in the published literature. Existing research, however, has demonstrated that dietary seaweed and seaweed-based metabolite supplementation positively impact the antioxidant status, disease resistance, and stress response in fish. Additionally, seaweed supplementation can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria, thereby improving gut health and nutrient absorption in fish. Nevertheless, an important balance remains between dietary seaweed inclusion level and the resultant metabolic alteration in fish. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and the associated importance of continued research endeavors regarding seaweed and seaweed-based functional metabolites as potential modulators of growth, immune and antioxidant response, and gut microbiota composition in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. B. Siddik
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
| | - Prue Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
| | - Md Fazle Rohani
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | | | - Thomas S. Mock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
| | - David S. Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
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Prazukin AV, Anufriieva EV, Shadrin NV. WITHDRAWN: Unlimited possibilities to use Сladophora (Chlorophyta, Ulvophyceae, Cladophorales) biomass in agriculture and aquaculture with profit for the environment and humanity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163894. [PMID: 37146795 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been withdrawn at the request of the Publisher for legal reasons related to Elsevier's policy on Geographic Sanctions (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/trade-sanctions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Prazukin
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2 Nakhimov ave., 299011 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Elena V Anufriieva
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2 Nakhimov ave., 299011 Sevastopol, Russia.
| | - Nickolai V Shadrin
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2 Nakhimov ave., 299011 Sevastopol, Russia
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12
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Ouahabi S, Loukili EH, Daoudi NE, Chebaibi M, Ramdani M, Rahhou I, Bnouham M, Fauconnier ML, Hammouti B, Rhazi L, Ayerdi Gotor A, Dépeint F, Ramdani M. Study of the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and In Vitro Anti-Diabetic Efficacy of Gracilaria bursa-pastoris Extracts. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:372. [PMID: 37504903 PMCID: PMC10381155 DOI: 10.3390/md21070372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a comparison was made of the chemical makeup of different extracts obtained from Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, a type of red seaweed that was gathered from the Nador lagoon situated in the northern part of Morocco. Additionally, their anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties were investigated. The application of GC-MS technology to analyze the fatty acid content of the samples revealed that linoleic acid and eicosenoic acid were the most abundant unsaturated fatty acids across all samples, with palmitic acid and oleic acid following in frequency. The HPLC analysis indicated that ascorbic and kojic acids were the most prevalent phenolic compounds, while apigenin was the most common flavonoid molecule. The aqueous extract exhibited significant levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, registering values of 381.31 ± 0.33 mg GAE/g and 201.80 ± 0.21 mg QE/g, respectively. Furthermore, this particular extract demonstrated a remarkable ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, as evidenced by its IC50 value of 0.17 ± 0.67 mg/mL. In addition, the methanolic extract was found to possess antioxidant properties, as evidenced by its ability to prevent β-carotene discoloration, with an IC50 ranging from 0.062 ± 0.02 mg/mL to 0.070 ± 0.06 mg/mL. In vitro study showed that all extracts significantly inhibited the enzymatic activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Finally, molecular docking models were applied to assess the interaction between the primary phytochemicals identified in G. bursa-pastoris extracts and the human pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The findings suggest that these extracts contain bioactive substances capable of reducing enzyme activity more effectively than the commercially available drug acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safae Ouahabi
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - El Hassania Loukili
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Nour Elhouda Daoudi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Chebaibi
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Fez, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ramdani
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Ilyesse Rahhou
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (ISPITSO), Oujda 63303, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech. 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Belkheir Hammouti
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
- CREHEIO Centre de Recherche de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénierie, Oujda 60000, Morocco
- Université Euro-Méditerranéenne de Fès, Fez BP 51, Morocco
| | - Larbi Rhazi
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, UniLaSalle, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France
| | - Alicia Ayerdi Gotor
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, AGHYLE, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France
| | - Flore Dépeint
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, UniLaSalle, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France
| | - Mohammed Ramdani
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
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Choudhary B, Khandwal D, Gupta NK, Patel J, Mishra A. Nutrient Composition, Physicobiochemical Analyses, Oxidative Stability and Antinutritional Assessment of Abundant Tropical Seaweeds from the Arabian Sea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2302. [PMID: 37375927 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Foods enriched with nutritional compounds and biological activities, especially antioxidants, are considered healthier for human and/or animal consumption. Seaweeds are rich sources of biologically active metabolites and are used as functional foods. In this study, proximate compositions, physicobiochemical characteristics and oil oxidative stability were analyzed for 15 abundant tropical seaweeds (four green-Acrosiphonia orientalis, Caulerpa scalpelliformis, Ulva fasciata, Ulva lactuca; six brown-Iyengaria stellata, Lobophora variegate, Padina boergesenii, Sargassum linearifolium, Spatoglossum asperum, Stoechospermum marginatum; and five red-Amphiroa anceps, Grateloupia indica, Halymenia porphyriformis, Scinaia carnosa, Solieria chordalis). All seaweeds were analyzed for the proximate composition, including moisture content, ash content, total sugar content, total proteins, total lipids, crude fiber, carotenoid content, total chlorophyll content, proline, iodine content, nitrogen-free extract, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Green seaweeds showed higher nutritional proximate composition, followed by brown and red seaweeds. Among the different seaweeds, Ulva, Caulerpa, Sargassum, Spatoglossum and Amphiroa showed high nutritional proximate composition compared to other seaweeds. High cation scavenging, free radical scavenging and total reducing activities were observed for Acrosiphonia, Caulerpa, Ulva, Sargassum, Spatoglossum and Iyengaria. It was also observed that 15 tropical seaweeds contained negligible amounts of antinutritional compounds, including tannic acid, phytic acid, saponins, alkaloids and terpenoids. Nutritionally, green and brown seaweeds provided higher sources of energy (150-300 calories per 100 g) compared to red seaweeds (80-165 calories per 100 g). Additionally, this study also confirmed that tropical seaweeds improved the oxidative stability of food oils and, therefore, might be recommended as natural antioxidant additives. The overall results confirm that tropical seaweeds are potential sources of nutrition and antioxidants and may be explored as functional food, dietary supplementation or animal feed. Additionally, they may also be explored as food supplements for fortifying food products, as food toppings or for garnishing and seasoning foods. However, a human or animal toxicity analysis is required before any conclusive recommendation for daily food or feed intake can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Choudhary
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Deepesh Khandwal
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nirmala Kumari Gupta
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jaykumar Patel
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Arakaki N, Flores Ramos L, Oscanoa Huaynate AI, Ruíz Soto A, Ramírez ME. Biochemical and Nutritional Characterization of Edible Seaweeds from the Peruvian Coast. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091795. [PMID: 37176854 PMCID: PMC10181002 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In Peru, the number of species of edible seaweeds within the genera Chondracanthus, Porphyra (hereafter P.), Pyropia (hereafter Py.), and Ulva has not been fully established, nor is there a significant level of information available related to their chemical and nutritional composition. This study involved the biochemical analysis of species belonging to ten genera of macroalgae, known edible and some of which have the potential to be used as food, including six red (Callophyllis, Chondracanthus, Mazzaella, Porphyra, Pyropia, and Rhodymenia), two green (Ulva and Codium), and two brown (Eisenia and Lessonia) species collected along the Peruvian coast (6°-17° S). In the evaluation of 37 specimens, differences were found in the proximal composition, amino acid composition, and fatty acid profiles, which were specific to subgroups and supported their taxonomic classification, mainly at the order level. The red algae Porphyra/Pyropia (Bangiales) had the highest average percentage of protein (24.10%) and carbohydrates (59.85%) and the lowest percentage of ash (7.95%). Conversely, the brown alga Eisenia (Laminariales) had the lowest average percentage of protein, with different values related to the structure: 14.11% at the level of the frond and 9.46% at the level of the stipe. On the other hand, Bryopsidales green algae showed the highest average percentages of lipids (5.38%). The moisture percentages ranged from 4 to 16%, and no relevant significant differences were shown between the orders. The characteristic amino acids in all of the studied groups were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, and leucine. The highest average of the essential amino acids ratio was obtained for the Gigartinales red algae (48.65%), and the highest values of the essential amino acid index (EAAI) were obtained for the Ulvales, Laminariales, Gigartinales, and Rhodymeniales algae (EAAI > 0.92). The highest average relative percentage of fatty acids was obtained for polyunsaturated fatty acids, followed by saturated fatty acids. The major component of the ω6 fatty acids from red and brown algae was arachidonic acid (C20:4n - 6). The highest level of ω3 fatty acids was observed for the eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) in red algae. The highest median ω6/ω3 ratio was displayed by the red alga Callophyllis variegata (Gigartinales). A detailed knowledge of edible seaweeds, and those considered potentially edible, would help to diversify the diet based on macroalgae in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Arakaki
- Banco de Germoplasma de Organismos Acuáticos, Área Funcional de Investigaciones en Acuicultura, Instituto del Mar del Perú, Esquina Gamarra y General Valle S/N, Chucuito, Callao 07021, Peru
| | - Leenin Flores Ramos
- Laboratorio de Análisis Instrumental, Área Funcional de Investigaciones en Acuicultura, Instituto del Mar del Perú, Esquina Gamarra y General Valle S/N, Chucuito, Callao 07021, Peru
| | - Alberto Isidoro Oscanoa Huaynate
- Laboratorio de Análisis Instrumental, Área Funcional de Investigaciones en Acuicultura, Instituto del Mar del Perú, Esquina Gamarra y General Valle S/N, Chucuito, Callao 07021, Peru
| | - Anthony Ruíz Soto
- Laboratorio de Análisis Instrumental, Área Funcional de Investigaciones en Acuicultura, Instituto del Mar del Perú, Esquina Gamarra y General Valle S/N, Chucuito, Callao 07021, Peru
| | - María Eliana Ramírez
- Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Área Botánica, Casilla 787, Santiago 8500000, Chile
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Harsha Mohan E, Madhusudan S, Baskaran R. The sea lettuce Ulva sensu lato: Future food with health-promoting bioactives. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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16
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Vasconcelos MMM, Marson GV, Rioux LE, Tamigneaux E, Turgeon SL, Beaulieu L. In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Proteins and Bioactive Compounds of Wild and Cultivated Seaweeds from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:102. [PMID: 36827143 PMCID: PMC9964403 DOI: 10.3390/md21020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increased interest in macroalgae protein and fibers, little information is available on their bioaccessibility. The application of an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model to study the degree of disintegration and release of proteins with expressed bioactivities from wild and cultivated Palmaria palmata and Saccharina latissima was proposed in this study. Macroalgae from the Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada, were submitted to digestive transit times of 2 (oral), 60 (gastric) and 120 (duodenal) minutes. Among wild samples, P. palmata had a higher percentage of disintegration, protein release and degree of hydrolysis than S. latissima. While the least digested sample, wild S. latissima, was the sample with the highest antioxidant activity (210 μmol TE g-1), the most digested sample, cultivated P. palmata, presented the highest ability to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), reaching 32.6 ± 1.2% at 3 mg mL-1. ACE inhibitory activity increased from 1 to 3 mg mL-1, but not at 5 mg mL-1. Wild samples from both species showed an ACE inhibition around 27.5%. Data suggested that the disintegration of the samples was influenced by their soluble and insoluble fiber contents. Further information on the bioaccessibility and bioactivity of these macroalgae should consider the characterization of digestion products other than protein, as well as the effects of previous product processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M. M. Vasconcelos
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Fishing Engineering, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Campus Universitário da Ininga, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Gabriela V. Marson
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurie-Eve Rioux
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Eric Tamigneaux
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Merinov, École des pêches et de l’aquaculture du Québec (ÉPAQ), Cégep de la Gaspésie et des Iles, 6 rue du Parc, Grande-Rivière, QC G0C 1V0, Canada
| | - Sylvie L. Turgeon
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lucie Beaulieu
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Sultana F, Wahab MA, Nahiduzzaman M, Mohiuddin M, Iqbal MZ, Shakil A, Mamun AA, Khan MSR, Wong L, Asaduzzaman M. Seaweed farming for food and nutritional security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and women empowerment: A review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Bastos KV, Machado LP, Joyeux JC, Ferreira JS, Militão FP, Fernandes VDO, Santos RG. Coastal degradation impacts on green turtle's (Chelonia mydas) diet in southeastern Brazil: Nutritional richness and health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153593. [PMID: 35122852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of environmental degradation on the nutritional value of the main marine macrophytes consumed by green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in areas with different degrees of urbanization. Macrophyte assemblages in the highly urbanized area (HUa) showed lower richness compared to the lightly urbanized area (LUa) (Mann-Whitney U test: 10.0 ± 3.6 SD genera and 11.9 ± 4.2 taxa per transect vs. 20.1 ± 7.0 genera and 23.5 ± 9.2 taxa per transect) respectively. Also, diet was poorer with 4.0 ± 1.6 genera per turtle (vs. 8.5 ± 4.0 in HUa) and less diverse with Shannon index of diversity = 0.45 ± 0.29 (vs. 0.64 ± 0.46 in LUa). Body condition was similar in both areas. About half of individuals were classified as having normal body condition, 14-15% as underweight and 23-34% as being emaciated. Fibropapillomatosis prevalence (χ2 = 8.720; n = 222; df = 1; p = 0.003) was higher in the HUa but, in affected animals, severity was marginally non-significant (χ2 = 5.721; n = 82; df = 2; p = 0.057). Significant differences in energy content (kcal) were detected between areas in both summer (S) and winter (W). All ANOVAs on total lipids (F = 22.15 [S] and 30.39 [W]), total water-soluble proteins (F = 327.65 [S] and 64.42 [W]) and total carbohydrates (F = 70.90 [S] and 27.62 [W]) showed high significance (p < 0.001). Carotenoids concentration yielded significant results for Halodule in summer and Hypnea in winter (ANOVAs, F = 39.42 and 13.07, respectively). For both, tests revealed that concentration was higher in LUa than HUa. High levels of phycobiliproteins and proteins in this area probably reflect nitrogen accumulation. Frequency and severity of fibropapillomatosis suggest that urbanization-caused alterations in species diversity and in chemical composition of marine plants affect green turtles' health. LIGHT ABSTRACT: The use of coastal areas by humanity is widespread and increasing. The impacts caused to the coastal environment, be it terrestrial, estuarine or marine, are important and affect numerous species. Our study evaluated the influence of environmental degradation on the nutritional value of the main algae eaten by the green turtle, one of the very few marine megaherbivores (those herbivores with body mass above 10 kg). Diet in the highly urbanized area was richer in proteins, lipids and carbohydrates (sugars) and lower in carotenoids (photosynthetic and photoprotectant pigments in algae and plants; precursors of vitamin A involved in oxygen transport in animals-animals do not synthetize such molecules). High levels in phycobiliproteins (photosynthetic pigments present in some algae) and proteins in the highly urbanized area probably result from organic pollution and nitrogen accumulation in coastal waters. Nitrogen compounds dissolved in water are a threat to vertebrates due to its toxicity and negative effects on the immune system. Our results suggest that algae chemical composition and severity of fibropapillomatosis (tumors caused by a herpesvirus in green sea turtles) are directly related through environmental alterations caused by urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiani Victor Bastos
- Programa de pós-graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Levi Pompermayer Machado
- Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", 11900-000 Registro, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean-Christophe Joyeux
- Programa de pós-graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Juliana Santos Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Frederico Pacheco Militão
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Valéria de Oliveira Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Robson Guimarães Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Marinha e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
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Red seaweed: A promising alternative protein source for global food sustainability. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Singh J, Rasane P, Kaur S, Nanda V. Comparative analysis of antioxidant potential and techno-functional properties of selected corn silk varieties at different developmental stages. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Raja K, Kadirvel V, Subramaniyan T. Seaweeds, an aquatic plant-based protein for sustainable nutrition- a review. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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22
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Bizzaro G, Vatland AK, Pampanin DM. The One-Health approach in seaweed food production. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106948. [PMID: 34695653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are rich in macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive components and have great potential as sustainable resources in terms of both production and consumption of a desirable food. Still, the seaweed aquaculture industry's rapid growth points out challenges that need to be taken into consideration when assessing environmental integrity, animal, and human health. In this review, the seaweed aquaculture's potential impact on the wildlife and human welfare and the environmental integrity has been evaluated using the One Health approach, a principle in which human, animal, and environmental health outcomes are considered as strictly connected. This is the first effort to implement the One Health concept into the seaweed cultivation assessment, and it is meant to give new perspectives for the growth of this industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bizzaro
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway; Kvitsøy Seaweed AS, Langøyveien 8, NO-4180 Kvitsøy, Norway.
| | - Ann Kristin Vatland
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway; Kvitsøy Seaweed AS, Langøyveien 8, NO-4180 Kvitsøy, Norway
| | - Daniela M Pampanin
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway
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23
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The Chemical and Nutritional Properties of Processed Fruit Enriched with Algae. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6017877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, processed fruits (sour fruit and fruit paste) are consumed as one of the most popular goodies in the some countries, and the position of this product in the food basket of Iranian families is gradually becoming important. Algae are an excellent potential source of natural compounds that can be used as a functional food. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Sargassum ilicifolium, Ulva lactuca, and Gracilaria cortica algae at different concentrations (1.5 and 3%) on the chemical and nutritional properties of processed fruit formulations. Fatty acid profiles were measured by gas chromatography. Vitamin contents were measured using HPLC. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) was used to measure minerals. In the fatty acid profile, 21 fatty acids including saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and PUFAs were identified. The predominant fatty acids in samples were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. E and B1 vitamins varied from 6.19 to 22.63 mg/g and 5.38–19.10 mg/g in sour fruits and fruit paste, respectively. Among the minerals, iodine was at the highest level in all samples (5.06–607.46 mg/g). In conclusion, these seaweeds can be used as a suitable source of fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins in the formulation of functional processed fruits, which are essential for human health.
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Zarei Jeliani Z, Yousefzadi M, Kokabi M, Sorahinobar M, Sourinejad I, Malik S. Assessment of Biochemical Constituents and Nutritional Aspects in Gracilariopsis persica and Hypnea flagelliformis. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2021.2010850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zarei Jeliani
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Kokabi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mona Sorahinobar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Sourinejad
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sonia Malik
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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25
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Almuhayawi MS, Abdel-Mawgoud M, Al Jaouni SK, Almuhayawi SM, Alruhaili MH, Selim S, AbdElgawad H. Bacterial Endophytes as a Promising Approach to Enhance the Growth and Accumulation of Bioactive Metabolites of Three Species of Chenopodium Sprouts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122745. [PMID: 34961218 PMCID: PMC8704246 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sprouts are regarded as an untapped source of bioactive components that display various biological properties. Endophytic bacterium inoculation can enhance plant chemical composition and improve its nutritional quality. Herein, six endophytes (Endo 1 to Endo 6) were isolated from Chenopodium plants and morphologically and biochemically identified. Then, the most active isolate Endo 2 (strain JSA11) was employed to enhance the growth and nutritive value of the sprouts of three Chenopodium species, i.e., C. ambrosoides, C. ficifolium, and C. botrys. Endo 2 (strain JSA11) induced photosynthesis and the mineral uptake, which can explain the high biomass accumulation. Endo 2 (strain JSA11) improved the nutritive values of the treated sprouts through bioactive metabolite (antioxidants, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acid, and essential amino acids) accumulation. These increases were correlated with increased amino acid levels and phenolic metabolism. Consequently, the antioxidant activity of the Endo 2 (strain JSA11)-treated Chenopodium sprouts was enhanced. Moreover, Endo 2 (strain JSA11) increased the antibacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria and the anti-inflammatory activities as evidenced by the reduced activity of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. Overall, the Endo 2 (strain JSA11) treatment is a successful technique to enhance the bioactive contents and biological properties of Chenopodium sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Mawgoud
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Centre, Cairo 11753, Egypt
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saad M. Almuhayawi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed H. Alruhaili
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
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26
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Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity and Phytochemical Composition of Brown and Red Seaweeds Sampled off Red Sea Coast. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are becoming a viable source of biologically active composites with a hopeful application as nutraceuticals, functional food components, and medicinal agents. In the present study, the antioxidant capacity and biochemical compositions of four seaweeds; Polycladia indica and Turbinaria ornata (Phaeophyceae) and Laurencia obtusa and Sarconema scinaioides (Rhodophyceae), were estimated. The results indicated that T. ornata showed the maximum value of total phenolic compound (TPC), flavonoid content, β-carotene, carbohydrate and has maximum percentage of DPPH radical scavenging capacity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total reducing capacity (TRC) (72.48%, 15.02%, and 53.24% inhibition, respectively), while the highest contents of ascorbic acid, lipid, calcium, and zinc were observed in L. obtusa. P. indica showed the highest protein contents, dietary fibers, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and total amino acids. Glutamic, aspartic, proline, and methionine were the most frequent amino acids in the four selected seaweeds. Brown seaweeds (T. ornata and P. indica) attained the highest percent of the total polyunsaturated (ω6 and ω3) essential fatty acids. The biochemical content of these seaweed species, as well as their antioxidant properties, make them interesting candidates for nutritional, pharmacological, and therapeutic applications.
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An Assessment of Selected Nutritional, Bioactive, Thermal and Technological Properties of Brown and Red Irish Seaweed Species. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112784. [PMID: 34829067 PMCID: PMC8625894 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Irish edible brown (Himanthalia elongata—sea spaghetti, Alaria esculenta—Irish wakame) and red seaweeds (Palmaria palmata—dulse, Porphyra umbilicalis—nori) were assessed for nutritional (proximate composition; salt; pH; amino acid; mineral and dietary fibre contents); bioactive (total phenolic content (TPC) and in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP)); thermal (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)); and technological (water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC) and swelling capacity (SC)) properties. Red seaweeds had higher (p < 0.05) protein levels, whereas brown seaweeds possessed higher (p < 0.05) moisture, ash, insoluble and total dietary fibre contents. Nori had the lowest (p < 0.05) salt level. Seaweed fat levels ranged from 1 to 2% DW. Aspartic and glutamic acids were the most abundant amino acids. The total amino acid (TAA) content ranged from 4.44 to 31.80%. Seaweeds contained numerous macro (e.g., Na) and trace minerals. The TPC, DPPH and FRAP activities followed the order: sea spaghetti ≥ nori > Irish wakame > dulse (p < 0.05). TGA indicated maximum weight loss at 250 °C. Dulse had the lowest (p < 0.05) WHC and SC properties. Dulse and nori had higher (p < 0.05) OHC than the brown seaweeds. Results demonstrate the potential of seaweeds as functional food product ingredients.
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Tolpeznikaite E, Ruzauskas M, Pilkaityte R, Bartkevics V, Zavistanaviciute P, Starkute V, Lele V, Zokaityte E, Mozuriene E, Ruibys R, Klupsaite D, Santini A, Bartkiene E. Influence of fermentation on the characteristics of Baltic Sea macroalgae, including microbial profile and trace element content. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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29
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Reboleira J, Silva S, Chatzifragkou A, Niranjan K, Lemos MF. Seaweed fermentation within the fields of food and natural products. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Nazarudin MF, Alias NH, Balakrishnan S, Wan Hasnan WNI, Noor Mazli NAI, Ahmad MI, Md Yasin IS, Isha A, Aliyu-Paiko M. Chemical, Nutrient and Physicochemical Properties of Brown Seaweed, Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh (Phaeophyceae) Collected from Port Dickson, Peninsular Malaysia. Molecules 2021; 26:5216. [PMID: 34500650 PMCID: PMC8434233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent increased interest in seaweed is motivated by attention generated in their bioactive components that have potential applications in the functional food and nutraceutical industries. In the present study, nutritional composition, metabolite profiles, phytochemical screening and physicochemical properties of freeze-dried brown seaweed, Sargassum polycystum were evaluated. Results showed that the S. polycystum had protein content of 8.65 ± 1.06%, lipid of 3.42 ± 0.01%, carbohydrate of 36.55 ± 1.09% and total dietary fibre content of 2.75 ± 0.58% on dry weight basis. The mineral content of S. polycystum including Na, K, Ca, Mg Fe, Se and Mn were 8876.45 ± 0.47, 1711.05 ± 0.07, 1079.75 ± 0.30, 213.85 ± 0.02, 277.6 ± 0.12, 4.70 ± 0.00 and 4.45 ± 0.00 mg 100/g DW, respectively. Total carotenoid, chlorophyll a and b content in S. polycystum were detected at 45.28 ± 1.77, 141.98 ± 1.18 and 111.29 µg/g respectively. The total amino acid content was 74.90 ± 1.45%. The study revealed various secondary metabolites and major constituents of S. polycystum fibre to include fucose, mannose, galactose, xylose and rhamnose. The metabolites extracted from the seaweeds comprised n-hexadecanoic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy- methyl ester, 1-dodecanol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, which were the most abundant. The physicochemical properties of S. polycystum such as water-holding and swelling capacity were comparable to several commercial fibre-rich products. In conclusion, results of this study indicate that S. polycystum is a potential candidate as functional food sources for human consumption and its cultivation needs to be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (S.B.); (W.N.I.W.H.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.I.A.); (I.-S.M.Y.)
| | - Nurul Haziqah Alias
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (S.B.); (W.N.I.W.H.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.I.A.); (I.-S.M.Y.)
| | - Seentusha Balakrishnan
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (S.B.); (W.N.I.W.H.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.I.A.); (I.-S.M.Y.)
| | - Wan Nurazween Izatee Wan Hasnan
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (S.B.); (W.N.I.W.H.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.I.A.); (I.-S.M.Y.)
| | - Nur Amirah Izyan Noor Mazli
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (S.B.); (W.N.I.W.H.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.I.A.); (I.-S.M.Y.)
| | - Mohd Ihsanuddin Ahmad
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (S.B.); (W.N.I.W.H.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.I.A.); (I.-S.M.Y.)
| | - Ina-Salwany Md Yasin
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (S.B.); (W.N.I.W.H.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.I.A.); (I.-S.M.Y.)
| | - Azizul Isha
- Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Products Research, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamed Aliyu-Paiko
- Biochemistry Department, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University (IBBU), Lapai 911101, Nigeria;
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Evaluation of Chemical, Functional, Spectral, and Thermal Characteristics of Sargassum wightii and Ulva rigida from Indian Coast. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9133464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Usage of seaweeds as a functional food/food ingredient is very limited due to paucity of scientific information about variations in the nutritional composition of seaweeds under diverse climatic conditions. Sargassum wightii and Ulva rigida seaweeds are found abundantly on the Southern Indian coastline and were thoroughly evaluated in this work. Crude fiber and lipid of S. wightii were higher (24.93 ± 0.23% and 3.09 ± 0.41%, respectively) as compared to U. rigida; however, U. rigida had higher crude protein content (27.11 ± 0.62%). Evaluation of mineral and CHNS content indicated that the concentration of potassium, magnesium, and calcium was 1.36 ± 0.08 mg/g, 8.39 ± 0.80 mg/g, and 14.03 ± 3.46 mg/g, respectively, that was higher in the S. wightii, whereas U. rigida contained higher value of iron, carbon, and sulphur (0.70 ± 0.13 mg/g, 37.72 ± 4.63%, and 2.61 ± 0.16%, respectively). Swelling capacity (19.42 ± 0.00 mL/g DW to 22.66 ± 00 mL/g DW), water-holding capacity (6.15 ± 0.08 g/g DW to 6.38 ± 0.14 g/g DW), and oil-holding capacity (2.96 ± 0.13 g/g DW) of U. rigida were significantly (
) higher as compared to S. wightii. It was observed from DSC thermograms that S. wightii can be safely processed for food formulations even at a temperature of 134°C. The thermograms also revealed changes in the sulphated polysaccharide (fucoidan) profile due to the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups with denaturation of proteins. TGA of S. wightii and U. rigida showed degradation temperature within the range of 200–300°C due to divergent polysaccharide compositions. FTIR spectroscopy suggested the presence of phenolic groups in both seaweeds (at 1219 cm−1). Results of the study suggested that the manufacturing of functional food products from seaweeds could be beneficial and may aid in social upliftment of cultivators/fishermen.
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Azizi MN, Loh TC, Foo HL, Akit H, Izuddin WI, Shazali N, Teik Chung EL, Samsudin AA. Chemical Compositions of Brown and Green Seaweed, and Effects on Nutrient Digestibility in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072147. [PMID: 34359273 PMCID: PMC8300727 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study aimed to analyse the nutritional properties and apparent ileal digestibility of brown and green seaweed on broiler chickens. Proximate content, mineral and amino acid contents were analysed. In addition, the gross energy value of brown and green seaweed was measured. A digestibility trial was conducted to determine the apparent ileal digestibility of seaweed in broiler chickens. Apparent metabolisable energy was determined as well in this study. Birds were fed with 90.30% seaweed-based diet with an indigestible marker. At the end of the feeding trial, birds were euthanised and ileal digesta was collected. Nutrient contents of experimental feed and digesta were analysed, and gross energy was measured. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude lipid and ash contents among the brown and green seaweed-based diets. The findings also demonstrated that the apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and crude fibre was significantly higher in brown seaweed compared to green seaweed. Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed in the apparent digestibility of metabolisable energy between the types of seaweed. Abstract This study aimed to analyse the nutritional properties, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of broiler chickens fed with brown seaweed (BS) and green seaweed (GS). Proximate analysis was performed to determine the nutrient composition of seaweed. The amino acids were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the minerals content. The gross energy (GE) was determined using a fully automatic bomb calorimeter, and the AME value was calculated. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used as an indigestible marker to calculate the AID. A digestibility trial was conducted to investigate the effects of seaweeds on crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE), dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), amino acids (AA) and minerals digestibility, and AME on broiler chickens. Thirty-six broiler chickens were randomly distributed into two dietary treatment groups with six replicates and three birds per replicate. Results showed that brown and green seaweed was a source of macro and micronutrients. For the AME and AID of seaweed-based diets, the results showed that the AME value for BS and GS was 2894.13 and 2780.70 kcal/kg, respectively. The AID of BS and GS was 88.82% and 86.8% for EE, 82.03% and 80.6% for OM, 60.69% and 57.80% for CP, 48.56 and 44.02% for CF, and 17.97 and 19.40% for ash contents, respectively. Meanwhile, the AID of CP and CF was significantly higher for BS compared to the GS. Findings showed that the AID of various AA was 40.96 to 77.54%, and the AID of selected minerals (Ca, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe) for both BS and GS groups were above 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naeem Azizi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (H.A.); (W.I.I.); (N.S.); (E.L.T.C.); (A.A.S.)
- Department of Pre-Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University ANASTU, Kandahar 3801, Afghanistan
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (H.A.); (W.I.I.); (N.S.); (E.L.T.C.); (A.A.S.)
- Institutes of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-397694814
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia;
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
| | - Henny Akit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (H.A.); (W.I.I.); (N.S.); (E.L.T.C.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Wan Ibrahim Izuddin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (H.A.); (W.I.I.); (N.S.); (E.L.T.C.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Nurhazirah Shazali
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (H.A.); (W.I.I.); (N.S.); (E.L.T.C.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Eric Lim Teik Chung
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (H.A.); (W.I.I.); (N.S.); (E.L.T.C.); (A.A.S.)
- Institutes of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
| | - Anjas Asmara Samsudin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (H.A.); (W.I.I.); (N.S.); (E.L.T.C.); (A.A.S.)
- Institutes of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
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Shannon E, Conlon M, Hayes M. Seaweed Components as Potential Modulators of the Gut Microbiota. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:358. [PMID: 34201794 PMCID: PMC8303941 DOI: 10.3390/md19070358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae, or seaweeds, are a rich source of components which may exert beneficial effects on the mammalian gut microbiota through the enhancement of bacterial diversity and abundance. An imbalance of gut bacteria has been linked to the development of disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, immunodeficiency, hypertension, type-2-diabetes, obesity, and cancer. This review outlines current knowledge from in vitro and in vivo studies concerning the potential therapeutic application of seaweed-derived polysaccharides, polyphenols and peptides to modulate the gut microbiota through diet. Polysaccharides such as fucoidan, laminarin, alginate, ulvan and porphyran are unique to seaweeds. Several studies have shown their potential to act as prebiotics and to positively modulate the gut microbiota. Prebiotics enhance bacterial populations and often their production of short chain fatty acids, which are the energy source for gastrointestinal epithelial cells, provide protection against pathogens, influence immunomodulation, and induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells. The oral bioaccessibility and bioavailability of seaweed components is also discussed, including the advantages and limitations of static and dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal models versus ex vivo and in vivo methods. Seaweed bioactives show potential for use in prevention and, in some instances, treatment of human disease. However, it is also necessary to confirm these potential, therapeutic effects in large-scale clinical trials. Where possible, we have cited information concerning these trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Shannon
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Michael Conlon
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
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Patwary ZP, Paul NA, Nishitsuji K, Campbell AH, Shoguchi E, Zhao M, Cummins SF. Application of omics research in seaweeds with a focus on red seaweeds. Brief Funct Genomics 2021; 20:148-161. [PMID: 33907795 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted 'omics' research for seaweeds, utilizing various computational and informatics frameworks, has the potential to rapidly develop our understanding of biological processes at the molecular level and contribute to solutions for the most pressing environmental and social issues of our time. Here, a systematic review into the current status of seaweed omics research was undertaken to evaluate the biological diversity of seaweed species investigated (red, green and brown phyla), the levels to which the work was undertaken (from full genome to transcripts, proteins or metabolites) and the field of research to which it has contributed. We report that from 1994 to 2021 the majority of seaweed omics research has been performed on the red seaweeds (45% of total studies), with more than half of these studies based upon two genera Pyropia and Gracilaria. A smaller number of studies examined brown seaweed (key genera Saccharina and Sargassum) and green seaweed (primarily Ulva). Overall, seaweed omics research is most highly associated with the field of evolution (46% of total studies), followed by the fields of ecology, natural products and their biosynthesis, omics methodology and seaweed-microbe interactions. Synthesis and specific outcomes derived from omics studies in the red seaweeds are provided. Together, these studies have provided a broad-scale interrogation of seaweeds, facilitating our ability to answer fundamental queries and develop applied outcomes. Crucial to the next steps will be establishing analytical tools and databases that can be more broadly utilized by practitioners and researchers across the globe because of their shared interest in the key seaweed genera.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Koki Nishitsuji
- marine genomics unit in the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
| | | | - Eiichi Shoguchi
- marine genomics unit in the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
| | - Min Zhao
- University of the Sunshine Coast
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Calliblepharis jubata Cultivation Potential—A Comparative Study between Controlled and Semi-Controlled Aquaculture. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Calliblepharis jubata is an edible red seaweed and a carrageenan primary producer, considered native in Figueira da Foz (Portugal). C. jubata has the particularity of producing only one kind of carrageenan, the iota fraction. However, this seaweed is not yet valuable for the food industry or even for human consumption. In this work, we characterize important biochemical compounds of C. jubata growing up within different cultivation techniques and wild specimens. The aim of this work is to know if there are differences between the biological compounds of interest and identify the advantages for human consumption and the food industry. The results supported the nutritional value of the seaweed, where the ones from inshore cultivation (T) were more identical to the wild specimens (F), than the indoor C. jubata (A, B, C). The parameters analyzed were fatty acids, carbohydrates and carrageenan content.
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Chen Y, Chen J, Chen J, Yu H, Zheng Y, Zhao J, Zhu J. Recent advances in seafood bioactive peptides and their potential for managing osteoporosis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1187-1203. [PMID: 33094645 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1836606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Marine biodiversity provides a range of diverse biological resources, including seafoods that are rich in protein and a well-balanced amino acid composition. Previous studies have shown that peptides can improve bone formation and/or inhibit bone resorption, suggesting the potential for seafood bioactive peptides (SBPs) in development of food and pharmaceuticals for management of osteoporosis. In this review, we provided an up-to-date overview of the anti-osteoporosis activity of SBPs and describe their underlying molecular mechanisms. We focus on SBPs' development, broadening the scope and depth of research, as well as strengthening in vivo and clinical research. In vitro cell cultures and in vivo animal osteoporosis models have demonstrated the potential for seafood-derived SBPs, including fish, mollusks, crustaceans, seaweed and microalgae, in preventing osteoporosis. These peptides may act by activating the signaling pathways, such as BMP/Smads, MAPK, OPG/RANKL/RANK, and NF-κB, which are associated with modulation bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianchu Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangfan Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajin Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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Enhancement of Galactose Uptake from Kappaphycus alvarezii Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae through Deletion of Negative Regulators of GAL Genes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:577-588. [PMID: 33043399 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at enhancing galactose consumption from the red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii. The optimal pretreatment condition of thermal acid hydrolysis was treated with 350 mM HNO3 for 60 min at 121 °C. The enzymatic saccharification with a 1:1 mixture of Celluclast 1.5 L and Viscozyme L showed the maximum yield of glucose; 42-g/L monosaccharide concentration was obtained with the highest yield of pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification (EPS) and the lowest inhibitory compound concentration. The deletion of the GAL80, MIG1, CYC8, or TUP1 gene was performed to improve the galactose consumption rate. The strains with the deletion of the MIG1 gene (mig1Δ) showed higher galactose consumption rate and ethanol yield than other strains. High transcription levels of regulatory genes revealed that the mig1Δ relieved glucose repression. These results show that the mig1Δ enhances galactose consumption rate from K. alvarezii.
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Leandro A, Pacheco D, Cotas J, Marques JC, Pereira L, Gonçalves AMM. Seaweed's Bioactive Candidate Compounds to Food Industry and Global Food Security. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E140. [PMID: 32781632 PMCID: PMC7459772 DOI: 10.3390/life10080140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The world population is continuously growing, so it is important to keep producing food in a sustainable way, especially in a way that is nutritious and in a sufficient quantity to overcome global needs. Seaweed grows, and can be cultivated, in seawater and generally does not compete for arable land and freshwater. Thus, the coastal areas of the planet are the most suitable for seaweed production, which can be an alternative to traditional agriculture and can thus contribute to a reduced carbon footprint. There are evolving studies that characterize seaweed's nutritional value and policies that recognize them as food, and identify the potential benefits and negative factors that may be produced or accumulated by seaweed, which are, or can be, dangerous for human health. Seaweeds have a high nutritional value along with a low caloric input and with the presence of fibers, proteins, omega 3 and 6 unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Moreover, several seaweed sub-products have interesting features to the food industry. Therefore, the focus of this review is in the performance of seaweed as a potential alternative and as a safe food source. Here described is the nutritional value and concerns relating to seaweed consumption, and also how seaweed-derived compounds are already commercially explored and available in the food industry and the usage restrictions to safeguard them as safe food additives for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Leandro
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Diana Pacheco
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - João Cotas
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - João C. Marques
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Leonel Pereira
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.); (D.P.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Aziz E, Batool R, Khan MU, Rauf A, Akhtar W, Heydari M, Rehman S, Shahzad T, Malik A, Mosavat SH, Plygun S, Shariati MA. An overview on red algae bioactive compounds and their pharmaceutical applications. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2019-0203/jcim-2019-0203.xml. [PMID: 32697756 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To review red algae bioactive compounds and their pharmaceutical applications. Content Seaweed sources are becoming attractive to be used in health and therapeutics. Among these red algae is the largest group containing bioactive compounds utilized in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food industry, manure and various supplements in food formula. Various significant bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides (aginate, agar, and carrageenan), lipids and polyphenols, steroids, glycosides, flavanoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, antheraquinones and cardiac glycosides have been reported in red algae. The red algae have rich nutritional components Different polysaccharides of red algae possess the antiviral potential namely agarans, carrageenan, alginate, fucan, laminaran and naviculan. Sulfated polysaccharides and carraginans of red algae are rich source of soluble fibers which can account for antitumor activities depending upon chemistry of various secondary metabolites and metabolism of cell line. Flavons-3-ols containing catechins from many red algae block the telomerase activity in colon cancer cells. Contraceptive agents were tested from red algae as a source for post-coital. Lectin of red algae showed pro-healing properties and anti-ulcerogenic activities. Carragenates from red algae also conferred a positive influence on diabetes. Red algae depicted a reducing effect on plasma lipids and obesity. Porphyran from red alga can act as anti-hyperlipidemic agent also reduces the apolipoprotein B100 via suppression of lipid synthesis in human liver. Summary The polyphenolic extracts of Laurencia undulate, Melanothamnus afaqhusainii and Solieria robusta extract show anti-inflammatory effects against multiple genera of devastating fungi. Antioxidants such as phlorotannins, ascorbic acids, tocopherols, carotenoids from red algae showed toxicity on some cancer cells without side effects. Red algae Laurencia nipponica was found insecticidal against mosquito larvae. Red algae fibers are very important in laxative and purgative activities. Gracilaria tenuistipitat resisted in agricultural lands polluted with cadmium and copper. Outlook In the recent decades biotechnological applications of red algae has been increased. Polysaccharides derived from red algae are important tool for formulation of drugs delivery system via nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Aziz
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College Khanpur, Haripur 22650, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Batool
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Punjab, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Khan
- Bioproducts Sciences and Engineering Laboratory (BSEL), Washington State University, Richland, 99354, WA, USA
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Agriculture, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shazia Rehman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Tasmeena Shahzad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Malik
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sergey Plygun
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
- Researcher, All Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Moscow Region, 143050, Russia
- Head of laboratory, Laboratory of Biological Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Orel City, 302026, Russia
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Laboratory of Biological Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Orel City, 302026, Russia
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Lafarga T, Acién-Fernández FG, Garcia-Vaquero M. Bioactive peptides and carbohydrates from seaweed for food applications: Natural occurrence, isolation, purification, and identification. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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41
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Development of Full-Cycle Utilization of Chlorella sorokiniana Microalgae Biomass for Environmental and Food Purposes. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The application of microalgae biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana as environmentally friendly biosorbents for removing potentially toxic elements (PTE) from water and as a source of biofuel has been thoroughly studied. In this paper, we investigate its physicochemical properties infrared spectroscopy (IR spectra), microstructure, adsorption properties); we have managed to isolate the lipid complex, which amounted to 20% of dry biomass. Studies of the lipid complex showed that 80.02% of lipids are unsaturated fatty acids (C18:1, C18:2, C18:3). Additionally, we have investigated the efficiency of using the residual biomass obtained after lipid extraction for water purification from rare-earth metals (REM) and PTE. To increase the sorption properties of residual biomass, its thermal modification was carried out and sorption materials based on heat-treated residual biomass and chitosan were created. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the obtained sorption materials were studied. The total sorption capacity was 31.9 mg/g for REM and 349.7 mg/g for PTE. Moreover, we propose a new method for the disposal of spent sorbents as additional fuel. Spent sorbents can be considered to be biofuel in terms of energy content (20.7 MJ*kg−1). The results of this study provide the basis for increased use of microalgae.
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42
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Li N, Fu X, Xiao M, Wei X, Yang M, Liu Z, Mou H. Enzymatic preparation of a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide rich in uronic acid from the seaweed Laminaria japonica and evaluation of its hypolipidemic effect in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:2395-2405. [PMID: 32129348 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02994j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a method combining thermo-acid pretreatment and alginate lyase hydrolysis to prepare a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide from the seaweed Laminaria japonica (SP). The in vitro results showed that SP displayed obvious absorption of oil (2.95 g g-1) and cholesterol (21.87 g g-1 at pH 2.0). In addition, the in vivo assessment of SP-related anti-obesity effects in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet and treated with SP for 8 weeks revealed that SP significantly reduced weight gain and lipid accumulation in white adipose and liver tissues, improved serum lipid profiles, and ameliorated intestinal damage. Moreover, SP activated the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in liver tissues, downregulated sterol regulatory element-binding protein and fatty acid synthase, and suppressed lipid synthesis. These findings indicated that SP extracted from L. japonica might represent a potent functional food exhibiting anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Mengshi Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xinyi Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Min Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zhemin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Zhou M, Hua T, Ma X, Sun H. Changes in crude protein content and amino acids profile in Ginkgo biloba nuts during storage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1737936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongtong Hua
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijun Sun
- Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Agarwal A, Mhatre A, Pandit R, Lali AM. Synergistic biorefinery of Scenedesmus obliquus and Ulva lactuca in poultry manure towards sustainable bioproduct generation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122462. [PMID: 31791920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting solar energy for growing algal biomass in waters enriched with farm manures is a holistic method of waste management. The proposed cultivation strategy termed SAR'CENA ('Synergistic Algal Refinery for Circular Economy using Nutrient Analogues), involves integrated cultivation of microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus and marine macroalga, Ulva lactuca in litter to harness biorefinery products. From various litters tested, poultry litter manure (PLM) was most amenable for growth. The microalga yielded 410 ± 6.2 g·DW· m-2· d-1 of biomass with total nitrogen (TN) concentration of 70 mg·L-1 in the media, while the macroalgae yielded 334 ± 9.9 g DW m-2 d-1 of biomass with TN concentration of 17.5 mg·L-1. The nutrient uptake efficiency was observed to be >60% with uncompromised biomass composition. Thus, SAR'CENA is projected as an ideal farming solution incorporating efficient waste management and feedstock generation thereby establishing a circular economy towards clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Agarwal
- DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Akanksha Mhatre
- DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Reena Pandit
- DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Arvind M Lali
- DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
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Corino C, Modina SC, Di Giancamillo A, Chiapparini S, Rossi R. Seaweeds in Pig Nutrition. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1126. [PMID: 31842324 PMCID: PMC6940929 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are macroalgae, with different sizes, colors and composition. They consist of brown algae, red algae and green algae, which all have a different chemical composition and bioactive molecule content. The polysaccharides, laminarin and fucoidan are commonly present in brown seaweeds, ulvans are found in green seaweeds and, red algae contain a large amount of carrageenans. These bioactive compounds may have several positive effects on health in livestock. In order to reduce the antimicrobials used in livestock, research has recently focused on finding natural and sustainable molecules that boost animal performance and health. The present study thus summarizes research on the dietary integration of seaweeds in swine. In particular the influence on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, prebiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities were considered. The review highlights that brown seaweeds seem to be a promising dietary intervention in pigs in order to boost the immune system, antioxidant status and gut health. Data on the use of green seaweeds as a dietary supplementation seems to be lacking at present and merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Corino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Silvia Clotilde Modina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.C.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Sara Chiapparini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.C.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Raffaella Rossi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.G.)
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Charoensiddhi S, Abraham RE, Su P, Zhang W. Seaweed and seaweed-derived metabolites as prebiotics. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 91:97-156. [PMID: 32035602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds and their bioactive compounds, particularly polysaccharides and phenolics can be regarded as great dietary supplements with gut health benefits and prebiotics. These components are resistant to digestion by enzymes present in the human gastrointestinal tract, also selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and the production of fermentation products such as short chain fatty acids. Commonly, the health benefits of seaweed components are assessed by including them in an in vitro anaerobic fermentation system containing human fecal inocula that mimics the environment of the human large bowel. Regarding to the complex interactions between dietary components, gastrointestinal physiological processes, and gut microbiota are difficult to model in vitro. Consequently it is important to follow up the promising in vitro results with in vivo animal or human testing. The aim of this chapter is to have a comprehensive review on the application of seaweeds and seaweed-derived metabolites as prebiotics, and understand the trends, gaps and future directions of both scientific and industrial developments. This work contributes to develop and expand new platform of seaweed utilization for higher-value products, particularly to functional food and nutraceutical industries in order to serve the social demand for health awareness and support economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvimol Charoensiddhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Reinu E Abraham
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peng Su
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Oucif H, Benaissa M, Ali Mehidi S, Prego R, Aubourg SP, Abi-Ayad SMEA. Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Different Seaweeds from the West Algerian Coast. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2019.1695305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Oucif
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Bioremediation, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences (Campus I.G.M.O.), University Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
- Department of Biology, Institute of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, University Centre Ahmed Zabana of Relizane, Relizane, Algeria
| | - Miloud Benaissa
- Department of Biology, Institute of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, University Centre Ahmed Zabana of Relizane, Relizane, Algeria
| | - Smaïl Ali Mehidi
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Bioremediation, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences (Campus I.G.M.O.), University Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
| | - Ricardo Prego
- Department of Oceanography, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Santiago P. Aubourg
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Sidi-Mohammed El-Amine Abi-Ayad
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Bioremediation, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences (Campus I.G.M.O.), University Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
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Fiset C, Irwin AJ, Finkel ZV. The macromolecular composition of noncalcified marine macroalgae. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:1361-1369. [PMID: 31419318 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The macromolecular composition of macroalgae influences nutrient flow and food quality in aquatic ecosystems and the value of macroalgae species for human consumption, aquaculture, biofuels, and other applications. We used literature data (125 publications, 1,117 observations) and a hierarchal Bayesian statistical model to estimate the average macromolecular composition, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate of macroalgae as a whole and at the phylum level. Our focus was on marine, noncalcified macroalgae sampled from wild-grown populations in the field. We found that the median macromolecular composition is 9.98% protein, 2.7% lipid, 48.5% carbohydrate, and 31.8% ash as percent dry weight. We compared the median macromolecular content of macroalgae to microalgae and herbaceous plants and test for differences in macromolecular content across macroalgal phyla. Macroalgae were much more enriched in carbohydrate and minerals than the microalgae and lower in protein and lipid than many herbaceous plants. Rhodophyte macroalgae have significantly less lipid and more protein and the Ochrophyte macroalgae have significantly less protein than the average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Fiset
- Environmental Science Program, Mount Allison University, 62 York Street, Sackville, New Brunswick, E4L 1E2, Canada
| | - Andrew J Irwin
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Mount Allison University, 62 York Street, Sackville, New Brunswick, E4L 1E2, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, 6316 Coburg Rd, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Zoe V Finkel
- Environmental Science Program, Mount Allison University, 62 York Street, Sackville, New Brunswick, E4L 1E2, Canada
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Ma WQ, Cheng HZ, Zhao DH, Yang J, Wang SB, Wu HZ, Lu MY, Xu L, Liu GJ. Effects of dietary Enteromorpha powder supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, and antioxidant performance during the late laying period in Zi geese. Poult Sci 2019; 99:1062-1068. [PMID: 32029142 PMCID: PMC7587732 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary Enteromorpha powder supplementation on the productive performance, egg quality, and antioxidant performance of Zi geese during the late laying period. Three hundred twelve Zi geese (1 yr old) were randomly allocated into 2 cohorts to form a control group and an experimental group (with each cohort including 6 replicates and 21 female geese and 5 male geese in each replicate). The control group was fed a basal diet, and the experimental group was fed a diet containing 3% Enteromorpha powder. The data showed that Enteromorpha powder supplementation significantly improved egg production, laying rate, average daily egg weight (P < 0.01), and egg yolk color (P < 0.05). Supplementation decreased the ADFI and feed conversion rate (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly higher in serum and ovary tissue (P < 0.05), but GSH-Px activity was lower in liver tissue (P < 0.01). Malondialdehyde was reduced in liver and ovary tissue (P < 0.05) in the Enteromorpha powder supplementation group. Meanwhile, the expression of the CAT gene was significantly upregulated in the liver (P < 0.01) in the Enteromorpha group. These results indicate that dietary Enteromorpha powder supplementation improved productive performance and reduced the level of lipid peroxidation in Zi geese during the late laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Q Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Haibin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - H Z Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Haibin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - D H Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Haibin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - J Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Haibin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - S B Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Haibin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - H Z Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Haibin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - M Y Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Haibin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - L Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Haibin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - G J Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
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50
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Variation in the proximate composition of edible marine macroalga Ulva rigida collected from different coastal zones of India. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:4749-4755. [PMID: 31686707 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03929-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several species of cosmopolitan marine macroalgal genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) are economically important due to high growth, carbohydrate, protein and lipid content. Nevertheless, analysis pertaining these traits of any species has by no means been explicitly investigated. We herein investigated 109 samples of U. rigida from fifteen locations of Indian coast for carbohydrate, protein and lipid content suitable for further development of scaled-up production. The carbohydrate, protein and lipid content ranged from 16.63 ± 1.07 to 65.93 ± 0.49% dry weight, 4.14 ± 0.45 to 26.0 ± 1.43% dry weight and 0.8 ± 0.08 to 3.1 ± 0.04% dry weight respectively. Principal component analysis provides an interpretable overview of main information enclosed in a multidimensional data set satisfactorily explained 72.1% of the total variability in the present data, with principal component 1 accounting for 38.7% and principal component 2 for 33.4% of the total variation. The study confirmed that the strain collected from Gopnath, Gujarat possesses high potential for industrial exploitation due to its high carbohydrate level. Growing this alga on large-scale might pave ways for socio-economic development of coastal populace.
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