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Frei MS, Veenstra FLP, Capeder D, Stewart JA, Curulla-Ferré D, Martín AJ, Mondelli C, Pérez-Ramírez J. Microfabrication Enables Quantification of Interfacial Activity in Thermal Catalysis. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001231. [PMID: 34928099 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A myriad of heterogeneous catalysts comprises multiple phases that need to be precisely structured to exert their maximal contribution to performance through electronic and structural interactions at their peripheries. In view of the nanometric, tridimensional, and anisotropic nature of these materials, a quantification of the interface and the impact of catalytic sites located there on the global performance is a highly challenging task. Consequently, the true origin of catalysis often remains subject of debate even for widely studied materials. Herein, an integrated strategy based on microfabricated catalysts and a custom-designed reactor is introduced for determining interfacial contributions upon catalytic activity assessment under process-relevant conditions, which can be easily implemented in the common catalysis research infrastructure and will accelerate the rational design of multicomponent heterogeneous catalysts for diverse applications. The method is validated by studying the high-pressure continuous-flow hydrogenation of CO and CO2 over Cu-ZnO catalysts, revealing linear correlations between the methanol formation rate and the interface between the metal and the oxide. Characterization of fresh and used materials points to the model catalyst preparation as the current challenge of the methodology that can be addressed through further development of nanotechnological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias S Frei
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Florentine L P Veenstra
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - David Capeder
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Joseph A Stewart
- Total Research and Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, Seneffe, 7181, Belgium
| | - Daniel Curulla-Ferré
- Total Research and Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, Seneffe, 7181, Belgium
| | - Antonio J Martín
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Mondelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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Choi JIJ, Kim TS, Kim D, Lee SW, Park JY. Operando Surface Characterization on Catalytic and Energy Materials from Single Crystals to Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16392-16413. [PMID: 33210917 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Modern surface science faces two major challenges, a materials gap and a pressure gap. While studies on single crystal surface in ultrahigh vacuum have uncovered the atomic and electronic structures of the surface, the materials and environmental conditions of commercial catalysis are much more complicated, both in the structure of the materials and in the accessible pressure range of analysis instruments. Model systems and operando surface techniques have been developed to bridge these gaps. In this Review, we highlight the current trends in the development of the surface characterization techniques and methodologies in more realistic environments, with emphasis on recent research efforts at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. We show principles and applications of the microscopic and spectroscopic surface techniques at ambient pressure that were used for the characterization of atomic structure, electronic structure, charge transport, and the mechanical properties of catalytic and energy materials. Ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy allow us to observe the surface restructuring that occurs during oxidation, reduction, and catalytic processes. In addition, we introduce the ambient pressure atomic force microscopy that revealed the morphological, mechanical, and charge transport properties that occur during the catalytic and energy conversion processes. Hot electron detection enables the monitoring of catalytic reactions and electronic excitations on the surface. Overall, the information on the nature of catalytic reactions obtained with operando spectroscopic and microscopic techniques may bring breakthroughs in some of the global energy and environmental problems the world is facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Il Jake Choi
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Taek-Seung Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Daeho Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Si Woo Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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Roiaz M, Falivene L, Rameshan C, Cavallo L, Kozlov SM, Rupprechter G. Roughening of Copper (100) at Elevated CO Pressure: Cu Adatom and Cluster Formation Enable CO Dissociation. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:8112-8121. [PMID: 30976376 PMCID: PMC6453259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b07668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide participates in many copper-catalyzed reactions, which makes CO-induced structural changes of Cu catalysts key for important industrial processes. We have studied the interaction of carbon monoxide with the Cu(100) single crystal termination at 120, 200, and 300 K by means of low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The absorption band of CO (2082-2112 cm-1) at elevated gas pressure (up to 5 mbar) and at 200/300 K was found at a higher wavenumber than the characteristic band of the c(2 × 2)CO structure and was consistent with CO adsorbed on low-coordinated Cu atoms. The combined PM-IRAS/DFT analysis revealed that exposure to CO induced surface roughening through the formation of Cu adatoms and clusters on the (100) terraces. The roughened surface seemed surprisingly active for CO dissociation, which indicates its unique catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Roiaz
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität
Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Falivene
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Kind Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christoph Rameshan
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität
Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Kind Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergey M. Kozlov
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Kind Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität
Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- E-mail:
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Vollmer I, Yarulina I, Kapteijn F, Gascon J. Progress in Developing a Structure‐Activity Relationship for the Direct Aromatization of Methane. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Vollmer
- Catalysis Engineering Chemical Engineering DepartmentDelft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 Delft 2629 HZ The Netherlands
| | - Irina Yarulina
- King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyKAUST Catalysis Center, Advanced Catalytic Materials Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Freek Kapteijn
- Catalysis Engineering Chemical Engineering DepartmentDelft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 Delft 2629 HZ The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Gascon
- Catalysis Engineering Chemical Engineering DepartmentDelft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 Delft 2629 HZ The Netherlands
- King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyKAUST Catalysis Center, Advanced Catalytic Materials Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
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Upshur MA, Chase HM, Strick BF, Ebben CJ, Fu L, Wang H, Thomson RJ, Geiger FM. Vibrational Mode Assignment of α-Pinene by Isotope Editing: One Down, Seventy-One To Go. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2684-90. [PMID: 27063197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to reliably assign the vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectrum of α-pinene at the vapor/solid interface using a method involving deuteration of various methyl groups. The synthesis of five deuterated isotopologues of α-pinene is presented to determine the impact that removing contributions from methyl group C-H oscillators has on its SFG response. 0.6 cm(-1) resolution SFG spectra of these isotopologues show varying degrees of differences in the C-H stretching region when compared to the SFG response of unlabeled α-pinene. The largest spectral changes were observed for the isotopologue containing a fully deuterated vinyl methyl group. Noticeable losses in signal intensities allow us to reliably assign the 2860 cm(-1) peak to the vinyl methyl symmetric stretch. Furthermore, upon removing the vinyl methyl group entirely by synthesizing apopinene, the steric influence of the unlabeled C9H14 fragment on the SFG response of α-pinene SFG can be readily observed. The work presented here brings us one step closer to understanding the vibrational spectroscopy of α-pinene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Alice Upshur
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hilary M Chase
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Benjamin F Strick
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Carlena J Ebben
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Li Fu
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Hongfei Wang
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Regan J Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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7
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Campbell CT, Sellers JRV. Anchored metal nanoparticles: Effects of support and size on their energy, sintering resistance and reactivity. Faraday Discuss 2013; 162:9-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00094j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Effect of reduction in liquid phase on the properties and the catalytic activity of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. J Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thüne PC, Weststrate CJ, Moodley P, Saib AM, van de Loosdrecht J, Miller JT, Niemantsverdriet JW. Studying Fischer–Tropsch catalysts using transmission electron microscopy and model systems of nanoparticles on planar supports. Catal Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cy00056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lu J, Stair P. Low-Temperature ABC-Type Atomic Layer Deposition: Synthesis of Highly Uniform Ultrafine Supported Metal Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200907168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Uzio D, Berhault G. Factors Governing the Catalytic Reactivity of Metallic Nanoparticles. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940903510496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Most metals are oxidized under ambient conditions, and metal oxides show interesting and technologically promising properties. This has motivated much recent research on oxide surfaces. The combination of scanning tunneling microscopy with first-principles density functional theory–based computational techniques provides an atomic-scale view of the properties of metal-oxide materials. Surface polarity is a key concept for predicting the stability of oxide surfaces and is discussed using ZnO as an example. This review also highlights the role of surface defects for surface reactivity, and their interplay with defects in the bulk, for the case of TiO2. Ultrathin metal-oxide films, grown either through reactive evaporation on metal single crystals or through oxidation of metal alloys (such as Al2O3/NiAl), have gained popularity as supports for planar model catalysts. The surface oxides that form upon oxidation on Pt-group metals (e.g., Ru, Rh, Pd, and Pt) are considered as model systems for CO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Diebold
- Department of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Shao-Chun Li
- Department of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Michael Schmid
- Institut für Allgemeine Physik, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
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Lin X, Nilius N, Freund HJ, Walter M, Frondelius P, Honkala K, Häkkinen H. Quantum well states in two-dimensional gold clusters on MgO thin films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:206801. [PMID: 19519060 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.206801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure of ultrasmall Au clusters on thin MgO/Ag(001) films has been analyzed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy and density functional theory. The clusters exhibit two-dimensional quantum well states, whose shapes resemble the eigenstates of a 2D electron gas confined in a parabolic potential. From the symmetry of the highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of a particular cluster, its electron filling and charge state is determined. In accordance with a Bader charge analysis, aggregates containing up to 20 atoms accumulate one to four extra electrons due to a charge transfer from the MgO/Ag interface. The HOMO-LUMO gap is found to close for clusters containing between 70 and 100 atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lin
- Fritz-Haber Institut der MPG, D14195 Berlin, Germany
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Shabatina TI, Mascetti J, Ogden JS, Sergeev GB. Competitive cryochemical reactions of transition metal atoms, clusters and nanosized particles. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2007v076n12abeh003745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Parker SC, Campbell CT. Reactivity and sintering kinetics of Au/TiO2(110) model catalysts: particle size effects. Top Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-007-0274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bourikas K, Kordulis C, Lycourghiotis A. The Role of the Liquid‐Solid Interface in the Preparation of Supported Catalysts. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940600962321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, Neutron Diffraction with Isotopic Substitution and X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure for the Characterisation of Active Sites in Oxide Catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(01)80131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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