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Lu Y, Pan W, Deng S, Dou Q, Wang X, An Q, Wang X, Ji H, Hei Y, Chen Y, Yang J, Zhang HM. Redefining the Incidence and Profile of Fluoropyrimidine-Associated Cardiotoxicity in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040510. [PMID: 37111268 PMCID: PMC10146083 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The cardiac toxicity that occurs during administration of anti-tumor agents has attracted increasing concern. Fluoropyrimidines have been used for more than half a century, but their cardiotoxicity has not been well clarified. In this study, we aimed to assess the incidence and profile of fluoropyrimidine-associated cardiotoxicity (FAC) comprehensively based on literature data. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases and clinical trials on studies investigating FAC. The main outcome was a pooled incidence of FAC, and the secondary outcome was specific treatment-related cardiac AEs. Random or fixed effects modeling was used for pooled meta-analyses according to the heterogeneity assessment. PROSPERO registration number: (CRD42021282155). Results: A total of 211 studies involving 63,186 patients were included, covering 31 countries or regions in the world. The pooled incidence of FAC, by meta-analytic, was 5.04% for all grades and 1.5% for grade 3 or higher. A total of 0.29% of patients died due to severe cardiotoxicities. More than 38 cardiac AEs were identified, with cardiac ischemia (2.24%) and arrhythmia (1.85%) being the most frequent. We further performed the subgroup analyses and meta-regression to explore the source of heterogeneity, and compare the cardiotoxicity among different study-level characteristics, finding that the incidence of FAC varied significantly among different publication decades, country/regions, and genders. Patients with esophagus cancer had the highest risk of FAC (10.53%), while breast cancer patients had the lowest (3.66%). The treatment attribute, regimen, and dosage were significantly related to FAC. When compared with chemotherapeutic drugs or targeted agents, such a risk was remarkably increased (χ2 = 10.15, p < 0.01; χ2 = 10.77, p < 0.01). The continuous 5-FU infusion for 3–5 consecutive days with a high dosage produced the highest FAC incidence (7.3%) compared with other low-dose administration patterns. Conclusions: Our study provides comprehensive global data on the incidence and profile of FAC. Different cancer types and treatment appear to have varying cardiotoxicities. Combination therapy, high cumulative dose, addition of anthracyclines, and pre-existing heart disease potentially increase the risk of FAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Lu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.-M.Z.)
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Shizhou Deng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qiongyi Dou
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xiangxu Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qiang An
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Hongchen Ji
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yue Hei
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Jingyue Yang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.-M.Z.)
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Lu Y, Deng S, Dou Q, Pan W, Liu Q, Ji H, Wang X, Zhang HM. Treatment-Related Coronary Disorders of Fluoropyrimidine Administration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:885699. [PMID: 35645806 PMCID: PMC9140752 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.885699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronary disorders are recognized as the most common manifestation of fluoropyrimidine-related cardiotoxicity in clinical practice. However, there are limited and conflicting data on the incidence and profiles of fluoropyrimidine-related coronary disorders. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to systematically assess the incidence of all-grade and grade 3 or higher fluoropyrimidine-related coronary disorders, and further explore the factors that influence its occurrence. Methods: Studies reporting the fluoropyrimidine-related coronary disorders were retrieved from a systematic search of English literature in the PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, and Cochrane database from 1 Jan 2001, to 1 Jan 2022. The NIH assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of each study. The data of basic study characteristics, treatment details, and results of coronary toxicities were extracted. According to the results of the heterogeneity test (I2 and p-value statistic), a random-effect model or fixed-effect model was selected for the pooled analysis of the incidence of adverse coronary events. Subgroup analysis was conducted to further explore the risks influencing the occurrence of fluoropyrimidine-related coronary disorders. The stability and publication bias of our results were evaluated by sensitivity analysis and Egger test, respectively. Results: A total of 63 studies were finally included in our pooled analysis, involving 25,577 patients. The pooled cumulative incidence of all-grade and grade 3 or higher coronary disorders was 2.75% (95% CI 1.89%–3.76%) and 1.00% (95% CI 0.62%–1.47%), respectively. The coronary disorders were most reported as myocardial ischemia (1.28%, 95% CI 0.42%–2.49%) and angina/chest pain (1.1%, 95% CI 0.54%–1.81%). Subgroup analysis revealed that studies in the female-only population seemed to have a lower incidence of fluoropyrimidine-related coronary disorders. The occurrence of adverse coronary events varied among different tumor types. Patients with esophageal cancer have the highest coronary toxicity (6.32%), while those with breast cancer have a relatively lower incidence (0.5%). Coronary disorders induced by 5-FU monotherapy are more frequent than that induced by capecitabine (3.31% vs. 1.21%, p < 0.01). Fluoropyrimidine combination therapy, whether combined with other chemotherapy drugs, targeted therapy drugs, or radiotherapy, significantly increased the incidence of coronary complications (p < 0.01). Conclusion: This meta-analysis has defined the incidence of fluoropyrimidine-related coronary disorders and depicted its epidemiological profiles for the first time, which may provide a reference for clinical practice in cancer management.
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Morganti AG, Trodella L, Valentini V, Barbi S, Macchia G, Mantini G, Turriziani A, Cellini N. Pain Relief with Short Term Irradiation in Locally Advanced Carcinoma of the Pancreas. J Palliat Care 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/082585970301900407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate whether a short radiation treatment (30 Gy, 3.0 Gy/fraction) had analgesic efficacy in patients with unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Twelve patients were included in this analysis. Before starting and at four weeks after radiation therapy, pain intensity was evaluated and analgesic drug therapy was adjusted until a 0–3 pain score was reached (WHO). Results No radiotherapy interruptions, no hospitalisation due to toxic reactions, and no severe toxicity were observed. Six patients (50%) had pain control without pharmacological therapy, three patients (25%) reduced their use (35%–72%) of analgesics, while in the remaining three patients (25%) there was no change in analgesic use. Overall, mean reduction in the use of analgesics was 63.1% ± 43.8%. During follow-up (44 months), two patients (16.7%) showed a worsening of pain that required increased analgesia; in one patient, percutaneous splanchnicectomy was necessary. Conclusion In patients excluded from standard concomitant chemoradiation, hypofractionated-accelerated radiotherapy is feasible and results in pain relief in most patients, documented as a reduced need for analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio G. Morganti
- Radiation Therapy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Campobasso
| | - Lucio Trodella
- Radiation Therapy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- Radiation Therapy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome
| | - Sergio Barbi
- Anesthesiology Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome
| | - Gabriella Macchia
- Radiation Therapy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Campobasso
| | - Giovanna Mantini
- Radiation Therapy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome
| | - Adriana Turriziani
- Radiation Therapy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome
| | - Numa Cellini
- Radiation Therapy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome
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Corvò R, Pastrone I, Scolaro T, Marcenaro M, Berretta L, Chiara S. Radiotherapy and Oral Capecitabine in the Preoperative Treatment of Patients with Rectal Cancer: Rationale, Preliminary Results and Perspectives. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 89:361-7. [PMID: 14606636 DOI: 10.1177/030089160308900403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Preoperative radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy increases the chances of tumor downstaging and down-sizing and facilitates sphincter-sparing surgical procedures, thereby improving survival and quality of life. Though several innovative agents are being investigated in combination with radiotherapy, 5-fluorouracil in continuous infusion remains the common schedule used in the preoperative chemoradiation setting. However, the protracted venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil requires specialized pumps and long-term venous access, which makes patients susceptible to infections or thrombosis. To overcome the 5-fluorouracil infusion-related problems, oral 5-fluorouracil precursors and inhibitors of 5-fluorouracil degradation have been developed and explored. These include oral fluoropyrimidines such as tegafur (ftora-fur), uracil plus tegafur (UFT), S-1, eniluracil and the oral carbamate capecitabine. Phase I trials have demonstrated the feasibility of the capecitabine-radiotherapy combination with respect to the bolus or infusion 5-fluorouracil-radiation approach and have defined the optimal dose of capecitabine during radiotherapy (825 mg/m2/day through a bid administration). Severe hand-foot syndrome occurred in 7-15% of patients, representing the most commonly observed toxicity. It is noteworthy that severe diarrhea with capecitabine during radiotherapy was not common. Leukopenia frequently occurred but was mild and reversible. Phase II trials, although limited in number, have evidenced a high probability of pathological complete response (up to 31%) with capecitabine and radiation, with an increased probability of sphincter-sparing surgical procedures. Although it is too early to assess whether oral capecitabine will be able to replace iv 5-fluorouracil in combination with preoperative radiotherapy, the NSABP will address this question in a large randomized trial. Finally, phase I-II trials evaluating escalating doses of capecitabine associated with oxaliplatin or irinotecan with radiotherapy are being carried out to assess the maximum-dose tolerance and efficacy in the preoperative setting. It is likely that these new chemoradiation associations might increase rectal cancer clearance, hopefully without increasing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Corvò
- National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy.
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Chen F, Luo H, Xing L, Liang N, Xie J, Zhang J. Feasibility and efficiency of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and cisplatin versus radiotherapy alone for elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Experience of two centers. Thorac Cancer 2017; 9:59-65. [PMID: 29024498 PMCID: PMC5754287 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with capecitabine and cisplatin for elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods A total of 90 patients were included from two different centers. Forty‐nine patients were treated with CCRT consisting of capecitabine (850 mg/m2, oral, twice a day for 1–14 days) and cisplatin (20 mg/m2) weekly during radiotherapy (RT). The remaining 41 patients were treated with RT alone. The overall response, overall survival, progression‐free survival, and toxicity rates were recorded. Results Compared to the RT group (51.2%; P = 0.029), the overall response rate in the CCRT group (73.5%) was obviously higher. A complete response was achieved in 34.7% and 14.6% of patients in the CCRT and RT groups, respectively (P = 0.030). Median progression‐free and median overall survival rates were significantly higher in the CCRT group (24.7 and 30.6 months; P < 0.05) compared to the RT group (16.6 and 18.7 months). Acute toxic effects were more severe in the CCRT group, but no significant difference in grade 3 or 4 acute toxicities was observed between the groups. Conclusion Both CCRT with capecitabine and cisplatin and RT alone are feasible to treat elderly patients and yield a good performance status with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CCRT improved the tumor response without increasing the side effects compared to RT alone. CCRT is recommended for patients over 65 with good performance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Chen
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Zhou ML, Kang M, Li GC, Guo XM, Zhang Z. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy for R0 resected gastric cancer with D2 lymph node dissection: an up-to-date meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:209. [PMID: 27502921 PMCID: PMC4977857 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis aims to provide more evidence on the role of postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for gastric cancer (GC) patients in Asian countries where D2 lymphadenectomy is prevalent. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), extracted data of survival and toxicities, and pooled data to evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of CRT compared with chemotherapy (CT) after D2 lymphadenectomy. RESULTS A total of 960 patients from four RCTs were selected. The results showed that postoperative CRT significantly reduced loco-regional recurrence rate (LRRR: RR = 0.50, 95 % CI = 0.34-0.74, P = 0.0005) and improved disease-free survival (DFS: HR = 0.73, 95 % CI = 0.60-0.89, P = 0.002). However, CRT did not affect distant metastasis rate (DMR: RR = 0.81, 95 % CI = 0.60-1.08, P = 0.15) and overall survival (OS: HR = 0.91, 95 % CI = 0.74-1.11, P = 0.34). The main grade 3-4 toxicities manifested no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Overall, CRT after D2 lymphadenectomy may reduce LRRR and prolong DFS. The role of postoperative CRT should be further investigated in the population with high risk of loco-regional recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Long Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Mei Kang
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Gui-Chao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xiao-Mao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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Luo W, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Wang L, Qi L, Ran J, Liu L, Wu A. A retrospective study on intensity-modulated radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy after D2 radical surgery for gastric carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 4:740-748. [PMID: 27123273 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the clinical value of different chemotherapies, the efficacy of intensity-modulated radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy following D2 radical surgery for gastric carcinoma was evaluated in this study. A total of 102 patients who underwent D2 radical surgery for gastric carcinoma followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) between January, 2008 and March, 2012, were selected. The 5/7 field intensity-modulated radiation therapy was used, with a planning target volume dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. Among these patients, 45 were administered 400 mg/m2/day fluorouracil and 20 mg/m2/day tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol through intravenous infusion 4 days before and 3 days after the radiotherapy (F-CRT group), while 57 patients received 825 mg/m2 capecitabine orally twice a day (C-CRT group). The 3-year overall and the disease-free survival rates were 75.5 and 70.5%, respectively. The overall 3-year survival rates of the F-CRT and C-CRT groups were 72.2 and 78.5% (P>0.05), respectively, and the 3-year disease-free survival rates were 67.7 and 72.8% (P>0.05), respectively. No significant differences were observed between the two groups. However, during the concurrent CRT, significant differences were found in the incidence of grade 1-2 haematological toxicity between the F-CRT and C-CRT groups (73.3 vs. 50.9%, respectively; χ2 =5.320, P=0.021). Significant differences were also found in the incidence of grade 1-2 gastrointestinal reactions between the two groups (77.8 vs. 57.9%, respectively; χ2=4.474, P=0.034). Therefore, intensity-modulated radiation therapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy following D2 radical surgery for gastric cancer was found to be safe and effective. In addition, radiotherapy was better tolerated and more likely to be completed using C-CRT rather than F-CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Ran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Aidong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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Adjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy in Gastric Cancer: Critically Reviewing the Past and Visualizing the Next Step Forward. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:650846. [PMID: 26101524 PMCID: PMC4460248 DOI: 10.1155/2015/650846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite the significant advances in surgical treatment and multimodality strategies, prognosis has modestly improved over the last two decades. Locoregional relapse remains one of the main issues and the combined chemoradiation treatment seems to be one of the preferred approaches. However, more than ten years after the hallmark INT-0116 trial, minimal progress has been made both in terms of effectiveness and toxicity. Moreover, new regimens added to combined therapy failed to prove favourable results. Herein, we attempt a thorough literature review comparing pros and cons of all relative studies and potential bias, targeting well-designed future approaches.
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Concurrent versus sequential chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer among Chinese population: a meta-analysis. TUMORI JOURNAL 2015; 101:353-9. [PMID: 25983094 DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer can cause substantial mortality and there is controversy about the effectiveness of concurrent and sequential chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for this disease. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Based on established criteria, we searched electronic databases including PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), China National Knowledge Infrastruction (CNKI), Wanfang, and Weipu databases up to March 2014 to collect eligible studies. Relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Q and I2 test were applied to test statistical heterogeneities among studies. Publication bias of total effective rate was evaluated through a funnel plot and sensitive analysis was conducted. RESULTS We identified 10 Chinese studies including 1024 esophageal cancer patients. The RRs of total effective rate and 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rate for concurrent versus sequential CRT were 1.15 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.24), 1.15 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.26), 1.44 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.73), and 1.66 (95% CI 1.37 to 2.01), respectively, all with statistically significant differences (p<0.05). With regards to incidence of leukocytopenia, the RR for concurrent versus sequential CRT was 1.14 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.26) with significant difference (p<0.05). However, the RR of incidence of radiation esophagitis was 1.09 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.22) for concurrent versus sequential CRT without significant differences (p = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS Concurrent CRT was superior to sequential CRT for esophageal cancer management among Chinese people. Though higher toxic effects were revealed in concurrent CRT, it was tolerable. Therefore, concurrent CRT could be applied into esophageal cancer treatments for Chinese patients.
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Ben-Josef E, Guthrie KA, El-Khoueiry AB, Corless CL, Zalupski MM, Lowy AM, Thomas CR, Alberts SR, Dawson LA, Micetich KC, Thomas MB, Siegel AB, Blanke CD. SWOG S0809: A Phase II Intergroup Trial of Adjuvant Capecitabine and Gemcitabine Followed by Radiotherapy and Concurrent Capecitabine in Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:2617-22. [PMID: 25964250 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.60.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of postoperative therapy in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) or gallbladder carcinoma (GBCA) is unknown. S0809 was designed to estimate 2-year survival (overall and after R0 or R1 resection), pattern of relapse, and toxicity in patients treated with this adjuvant regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligibility criteria included diagnosis of EHCC or GBCA after radical resection, stage pT2-4 or N+ or positive resection margins, M0, and performance status 0 to 1. Patients received four cycles of gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1 and 8) and capecitabine (1,500 mg/m(2) per day on days 1 to 14) every 21 days followed by concurrent capecitabine (1,330 mg/m(2) per day) and radiotherapy (45 Gy to regional lymphatics; 54 to 59.4 Gy to tumor bed). With 80 evaluable patients, results would be promising if 2-year survival 95% CI were > 45% and R0 and R1 survival estimates were ≥ 65% and 45%, respectively. RESULTS A total of 79 eligible patients (R0, n = 54; R1, n = 25; EHCC, 68%; GBCA, 32%) were treated (86% completed). For all patients, 2-year survival was 65% (95% CI, 53% to 74%); it was 67% and 60% in R0 and R1 patients, respectively. Median overall survival was 35 months (R0, 34 months; R1, 35 months). Local, distant, and combined relapse occurred in 14, 24, and nine patients. Grade 3 and 4 adverse effects were observed in 52% and 11% of patients, respectively. The most common grade 3 to 4 adverse effects were neutropenia (44%), hand-foot syndrome (11%), diarrhea (8%), lymphopenia (8%), and leukopenia (6%). There was one death resulting from GI hemorrhage. CONCLUSION This combination was well tolerated, has promising efficacy, and provides clinicians with a well-supported regimen. Our trial establishes the feasibility of conducting national adjuvant trials in EHCC and GBCA and provides baseline data for planning future phase III trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ben-Josef
- Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Andrew M. Lowy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA; Christopher L. Corless, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Diagnostic Laboratories; Charles R. Thomas Jr and Charles D. Blanke, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Steven R. Alberts, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Laura A. Dawson, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kenneth C. Micetich, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Melanie B. Thomas, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and Abby B. Siegel, Columbia University, New York, NY.
| | - Katherine A Guthrie
- Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Andrew M. Lowy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA; Christopher L. Corless, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Diagnostic Laboratories; Charles R. Thomas Jr and Charles D. Blanke, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Steven R. Alberts, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Laura A. Dawson, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kenneth C. Micetich, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Melanie B. Thomas, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and Abby B. Siegel, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Anthony B El-Khoueiry
- Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Andrew M. Lowy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA; Christopher L. Corless, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Diagnostic Laboratories; Charles R. Thomas Jr and Charles D. Blanke, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Steven R. Alberts, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Laura A. Dawson, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kenneth C. Micetich, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Melanie B. Thomas, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and Abby B. Siegel, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Christopher L Corless
- Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Andrew M. Lowy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA; Christopher L. Corless, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Diagnostic Laboratories; Charles R. Thomas Jr and Charles D. Blanke, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Steven R. Alberts, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Laura A. Dawson, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kenneth C. Micetich, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Melanie B. Thomas, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and Abby B. Siegel, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mark M Zalupski
- Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Andrew M. Lowy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA; Christopher L. Corless, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Diagnostic Laboratories; Charles R. Thomas Jr and Charles D. Blanke, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Steven R. Alberts, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Laura A. Dawson, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kenneth C. Micetich, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Melanie B. Thomas, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and Abby B. Siegel, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Andrew M Lowy
- Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Andrew M. Lowy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA; Christopher L. Corless, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Diagnostic Laboratories; Charles R. Thomas Jr and Charles D. Blanke, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Steven R. Alberts, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Laura A. Dawson, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kenneth C. Micetich, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Melanie B. Thomas, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and Abby B. Siegel, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Charles R Thomas
- Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Andrew M. Lowy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA; Christopher L. Corless, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Diagnostic Laboratories; Charles R. Thomas Jr and Charles D. Blanke, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Steven R. Alberts, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Laura A. Dawson, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kenneth C. Micetich, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Melanie B. Thomas, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and Abby B. Siegel, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Steven R Alberts
- Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Andrew M. Lowy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA; Christopher L. Corless, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Diagnostic Laboratories; Charles R. Thomas Jr and Charles D. Blanke, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Steven R. Alberts, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Laura A. Dawson, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kenneth C. Micetich, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Melanie B. Thomas, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and Abby B. Siegel, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Laura A Dawson
- Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Andrew M. Lowy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA; Christopher L. Corless, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Diagnostic Laboratories; Charles R. Thomas Jr and Charles D. Blanke, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Steven R. Alberts, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Laura A. Dawson, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kenneth C. Micetich, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Melanie B. Thomas, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and Abby B. Siegel, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Kenneth C Micetich
- Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Andrew M. Lowy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA; Christopher L. Corless, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Diagnostic Laboratories; Charles R. Thomas Jr and Charles D. Blanke, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Steven R. Alberts, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Laura A. Dawson, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kenneth C. Micetich, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Melanie B. Thomas, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and Abby B. Siegel, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Melanie B Thomas
- Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Andrew M. Lowy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA; Christopher L. Corless, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Diagnostic Laboratories; Charles R. Thomas Jr and Charles D. Blanke, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Steven R. Alberts, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Laura A. Dawson, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kenneth C. Micetich, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Melanie B. Thomas, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and Abby B. Siegel, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Abby B Siegel
- Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Andrew M. Lowy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA; Christopher L. Corless, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Diagnostic Laboratories; Charles R. Thomas Jr and Charles D. Blanke, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Steven R. Alberts, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Laura A. Dawson, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kenneth C. Micetich, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Melanie B. Thomas, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and Abby B. Siegel, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Charles D Blanke
- Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Katherine A. Guthrie, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Andrew M. Lowy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA; Christopher L. Corless, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Diagnostic Laboratories; Charles R. Thomas Jr and Charles D. Blanke, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR; Mark M. Zalupski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Steven R. Alberts, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Laura A. Dawson, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kenneth C. Micetich, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Melanie B. Thomas, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and Abby B. Siegel, Columbia University, New York, NY
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11
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He J, Page AJ, Weiss M, Wolfgang CL, Herman JM, Pawlik TM. Management of borderline and locally advanced pancreatic cancer: Where do we stand? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2255-2266. [PMID: 24605025 PMCID: PMC3942831 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i9.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many patients with pancreas cancer present with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). The principle tools used for diagnosis and staging of LAPC include endoscopic ultrasound, axial imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and diagnostic laparoscopy. The definition of resectability has historically been vague, as there is considerable debate and controversy as to the definition of LAPC. For the patient with LAPC, there is some level of involvement of the surrounding vascular structures, which include the superior mesenteric artery, celiac axis, hepatic artery, superior mesenteric vein, or portal vein. When feasible, most surgeons would recommend possible surgical resection for patients with borderline LAPC, with the goal of an R0 resection. For initially unresectable LAPC, neoadjuvant should be strongly considered. Specifically, these patients should be offered neoadjuvant therapy, and the tumor should be assessed for possible response and eventual resection. The efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy with this approach as a bridge to potential curative resection is broad, ranging from 3%-79%. The different modalities of neoadjuvant therapy include single or multi-agent chemotherapy combined with radiation, chemotherapy alone, and chemotherapy followed by chemotherapy with radiation. This review focuses on patients with LAPC and addresses recent advances and controversies in the field.
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12
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Kim YI, Park JW, Kim BH, Woo SM, Kim TH, Koh YH, Lee WJ, Kim CM. Outcomes of concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced-stage unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Radiat Oncol 2013; 8:292. [PMID: 24359879 PMCID: PMC3880040 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-8-292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A standard treatment for unresectable advanced-stage intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) has not yet been established. Although neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and liver transplantation are associated with long-term survival in select patients, the outcomes of CCRT for advanced-stage unresectable IHCC remain unclear. The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcomes of CCRT in patients with unresectable advanced-stage IHCC. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients with unresectable advanced stage (stage IVa or IVb) IHCC who were pathologically diagnosed and treated at National Cancer Center, Korea, from June 2001 to March 2012. Of the total of 92 patients, 25 (27.1%) received capecitabine plus cisplatin (XP) chemotherapy with external radiotherapy (RT) (XP-CCRT group) and 67 (72.8%) received XP chemotherapy alone (XP group). The clinical characteristics and outcomes of the 2 groups were compared. RESULTS The 92 patients comprised 72 male and 20 female patients, with a median age of 58 years (range 26-78 years). The baseline clinical characteristics of the 2 groups were similar. Patients in the XP-CCRT group received a mean 44.7 Gy of RT and a mean 5.6 cycles of XP chemotherapy, whereas patients in the XP group received a mean 4.0 cycles. The disease control rate was higher in the XP-CCRT group than in the XP group, but the difference was not statistically significant (56.0% vs. 41.5%, p = 0.217). Although neutropenia was significantly more frequent in the XP-CCRT than in the XP group (48% vs. 9%, p < 0.001), the rates of other toxicities and > grade 3 toxicities did not differ. At a median follow-up of 5.3 months, PFS (4.3 vs. 1.9 months, p = 0.001) and OS (9.3 vs. 6.2 months, p = 0.048) were significantly longer in the XP-CCRT than in the XP group. CONCLUSIONS XP-CCRT was well tolerated and was associated with longer PFS and OS than XP chemotherapy alone in patients with unresectable advanced IHCC. Controlled randomized trials are required to determine whether XP-CCRT is a primary treatment option for patients with unresectable advanced IHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Il Kim
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsan dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 411-769, South Korea
| | - Joong-Won Park
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsan dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 411-769, South Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Kim
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsan dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 411-769, South Korea
| | - Sang Myung Woo
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsan dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 411-769, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsan dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 411-769, South Korea
| | - Young Hwan Koh
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsan dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 411-769, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsan dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 411-769, South Korea
| | - Chang-Min Kim
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsan dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 411-769, South Korea
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13
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Popa EC, Shah MA. Capecitabine in the treatment of esophageal and gastric cancers. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1645-57. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.842974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Kundel Y, Nasser NJ, Purim O, Yerushalmi R, Fenig E, Pfeffer RM, Stemmer SM, Rizel S, Symon Z, Kaufman B, Sulkes A, Brenner B. Phase II study of concurrent capecitabine and external beam radiotherapy for pain control of bone metastases of breast cancer origin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68327. [PMID: 23874586 PMCID: PMC3707893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pain from bone metastases of breast cancer origin is treated with localized radiation. Modulating doses and schedules has shown little efficacy in improving results. Given the synergistic therapeutic effect reported for combined systemic chemotherapy with local radiation in anal, rectal, and head and neck malignancies, we sought to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of combined capecitabine and radiation for palliation of pain due to bone metastases from breast cancer. Methodology/Principal Findings Twenty-nine women with painful bone metastases from breast cancer were treated with external beam radiation in 10 fractions of 3 Gy, 5 fractions a week for 2 consecutive weeks. Oral capecitabine 700 mg/m2 twice daily was administered throughout radiation therapy. Rates of complete response, defined as a score of 0 on a 10-point pain scale and no increase in analgesic consumption, were 14% at 1 week, 38% at 2 weeks, 52% at 4 weeks, 52% at 8 weeks, and 48% at 12 weeks. Corresponding rates of partial response, defined as a reduction of at least 2 points in pain score without an increase in analgesics consumption, were 31%, 38%, 28%, 34% and 38%. The overall response rate (complete and partial) at 12 weeks was 86%. Side effects were of mild intensity (grade I or II) and included nausea (38% of patients), weakness (24%), diarrhea (24%), mucositis (10%), and hand and foot syndrome (7%). Conclusions/Significance External beam radiation with concurrent capecitabine is safe and tolerable for the treatment of pain from bone metastases of breast cancer origin. The overall and complete response rates in our study are unusually high compared to those reported for radiation alone. Further evaluation of this approach, in a randomized study, is warranted. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01784393NCT01784393
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kundel
- Institue of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicola J. Nasser
- Institue of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ofer Purim
- Institue of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rinat Yerushalmi
- Institue of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Fenig
- Institue of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raphael M. Pfeffer
- Institute of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Salomon M. Stemmer
- Institue of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shulamith Rizel
- Institue of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Zvi Symon
- Institute of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bella Kaufman
- Institute of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aaron Sulkes
- Institue of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Baruch Brenner
- Institue of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Rich TA, Winter K, Safran H, Hoffman JP, Erickson B, Anne PR, Myerson RJ, Cline-Burkhardt VJM, Perez K, Willett C. Weekly paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and external irradiation followed by randomized farnesyl transferase inhibitor R115777 for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2012; 5:161-70. [PMID: 22977306 PMCID: PMC3430391 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s33560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) multi-institutional Phase II study 98-12, evaluating paclitaxel and concurrent radiation (RT) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer, demonstrated a median survival of 11.3 months and a 1-year survival of 43%. The purpose of the randomized Phase II study by RTOG 0020 was to evaluate the addition of weekly low- dose gemcitabine with concurrent paclitaxel/RT and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor R115777 following chemoradiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with unresectable, nonmetastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were eligible. Patients in Arm 1 received gemcitabine, 75 mg/m(2)/week, and paclitaxel, 40 mg/m(2)/week, for 6 weeks, with 50.4 Gy radiation (CXRT). Patients in Arm 2 received an identical chemoradiation regimen but then received maintenance R115777, 300 mg twice a day for 21 days every 28 days (CXRT+R115777), until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. RESULTS One hundred ninety-five patients were entered into this study, and 184 were analyzable. Grade 4 nonhematologic toxicities occurred in less than 5% of CXRT patients. The most common grade 3/4 toxicity from R115777 was myelosuppression; however, grade 3/4 hepatic, metabolic, musculoskeletal, and neurologic toxicities were also reported. The median survival time was 11.5 months and 8.9 months for the CXRT and CXRT+R115777 arms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The CXRT arm achieved a median survival of almost 1-year, supporting chemoradiation as an important therapeutic modality for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Maintenance R115777 is not effective and is associated with a broad range of toxicities. These findings provide clinical evidence that inhibition of farnesylation affects many metabolic pathways, underscoring the challenge of developing an effective K-ras inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyvin A Rich
- The Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System West, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Kircher SM, Krantz SB, Nimeiri HS, Mulcahy MF, Munshi HG, Benson AB. Therapy of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: unresectable and borderline patients. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2012; 11:1555-65. [PMID: 21999129 DOI: 10.1586/era.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer is commonly used in practice; however, the optimal strategy for both neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy in this disease remains controversial. A particular challenge remains in patients who are considered to be locally advanced and either unresectable or borderline resectable. Offering optimal neoadjuvant therapy to this group of patients may give them the opportunity to have a curative surgical approach. This article will discuss the potential role of neoadjuvant therapy in borderline, potentially resectable pancreatic cancer. It will also discuss areas of interest in potential targets as the biology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal M Kircher
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Lee J, Lim DH, Kim S, Park SH, Park JO, Park YS, Lim HY, Choi MG, Sohn TS, Noh JH, Bae JM, Ahn YC, Sohn I, Jung SH, Park CK, Kim KM, Kang WK. Phase III trial comparing capecitabine plus cisplatin versus capecitabine plus cisplatin with concurrent capecitabine radiotherapy in completely resected gastric cancer with D2 lymph node dissection: the ARTIST trial. J Clin Oncol 2011; 30:268-73. [PMID: 22184384 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.39.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The ARTIST (Adjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy in Stomach Cancer) trial was the first study to our knowledge to investigate the role of postoperative chemoradiotherapy therapy in patients with curatively resected gastric cancer with D2 lymph node dissection. This trial was designed to compare postoperative treatment with capecitabine plus cisplatin (XP) versus XP plus radiotherapy with capecitabine (XP/XRT/XP). PATIENTS AND METHODS The XP arm received six cycles of XP (capecitabine 2,000 mg/m2 per day on days 1 to 14 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 on day 1, repeated every 3 weeks) chemotherapy. The XP/XRT/XP arm received two cycles of XP followed by 45-Gy XRT (capecitabine 1,650 mg/m2 per day for 5 weeks) and two cycles of XP. RESULTS Of 458 patients, 228 were randomly assigned to the XP arm and 230 to the XP/XRT/XP arm. Treatment was completed as planned by 75.4% of patients (172 of 228) in the XP arm and 81.7% (188 of 230) in the XP/XRT/XP arm. Overall, the addition of XRT to XP chemotherapy did not significantly prolong disease-free survival (DFS; P = .0862). However, in the subgroup of patients with pathologic lymph node metastasis at the time of surgery (n = 396), patients randomly assigned to the XP/XRT/XP arm experienced superior DFS when compared with those who received XP alone (P = .0365), and the statistical significance was retained at multivariate analysis (estimated hazard ratio, 0.6865; 95% CI, 0.4735 to 0.9952; P = .0471). CONCLUSION The addition of XRT to XP chemotherapy did not significantly reduce recurrence after curative resection and D2 lymph node dissection in gastric cancer. A subsequent trial (ARTIST-II) in patients with lymph node-positive gastric cancer is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyun Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong Kangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710 Korea
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Phase II study of use of a single cycle of induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy containing capecitabine/cisplatin followed by surgery for patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: long-term follow-up data. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:655-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Jackson ASN, Jain P, Watkins GR, Whitfield GA, Green MM, Valle J, Taylor MB, Dickinson C, Price PM, Saleem A. Efficacy and tolerability of limited field radiotherapy with concurrent capecitabine in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2010; 22:570-7. [PMID: 20650619 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) are most commonly managed with chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), which may or may not include non-involved regional lymph nodes in the clinical target volume. We present our results of CRT for LAPC using capecitabine and delivering radiotherapy to a limited radiation field that excluded non-involved regional lymph nodes from the clinical target volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients were studied. Patients received 50.4 Gy external beam radiotherapy in 28 fractions, delivered to a planning target volume expanded from the primary tumour and involved nodes only. Capecitabine (500-600 mg/m2) was given twice daily continuously during radiotherapy. Toxicity and efficacy data were prospectively collected. RESULTS Nausea, vomiting and tumour pain were the most common grade 2 toxicities. One patient developed grade 3 nausea. The median time to progression was 8.8 months, with 20% remaining progression free at 1 year. The median overall survival was 9.7 months with a 1 year survival of 30%. Of 21 patients with imaged progression, 13 (62%) progressed systemically, three (14%) had local progression, two (10%) had locoregional progression and three (14%) progressed with both local/locoregional and systemic disease. CONCLUSION CRT using capecitabine and limited field radiotherapy is a well-tolerated, relatively efficacious treatment for LAPC. The low toxicity and low regional progression rates support the use of limited field radiotherapy, allowing evaluation of this regimen with other anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S N Jackson
- Academic Radiation Oncology, The University of Manchester, Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Saleem A, Jackson A, Mukherjee S, Stones N, Crosby T, Tait D, Price P. Radiotherapy in the management of unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a survey of the current UK practice of clinical oncologists. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2010; 22:257-60. [PMID: 20223645 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A survey was conducted by the Academic Clinical Oncology and Radiobiology Research Network (ACORRN) to evaluate current radiotherapy practice and to inform future research needs in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. A clear need for a co-ordinated multicentre approach, given the limited number of patients who may qualify for such UK trials, was identified. Such trials should incorporate evidence-based treatment protocols and appropriate quality assurance procedures to ensure delivery of the highest standards of radiation-based therapy within, and without, clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saleem
- University of Manchester Academic Radiation Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Jansen EPM, Boot H, Dubbelman R, Verheij M, Cats A. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy in gastric cancer--a phase I-II study of radiotherapy with dose escalation of weekly cisplatin and daily capecitabine chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2009; 21:530-534. [PMID: 19690058 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative chemoradiotherapy with concurrent 5-fluorouracil improves gastric cancer outcome. We previously demonstrated that chemoradiotherapy with a more intensified--and therefore potentially more effective--schedule with daily cisplatin and oral capecitabine is feasible. Because such an intensive schedule requires an extensive logistic infrastructure which is not available in every hospital, we additionally investigated the tolerability of this combined regimen with weekly instead of daily cisplatin in a dose-escalation study. PATIENTS AND METHODS After R0 or R1 resection, treatment initiated with capecitabine 1000 mg/m(2) b.i.d. for 2 weeks and 1-week rest. Subsequently, patients received capecitabine (575-650 mg/m(2) orally b.i.d., 5 days/week) and cisplatin (20-25 mg/m(2) i.v., once weekly) according to a predefined dose-escalation schedule concurrent with radiation. Radiotherapy was given to a fixed total dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions. RESULTS Thirty-one patients were eligible and started treatment. During chemoradiotherapy, seven patients developed 10 items of grade III and one episode of grade IV (mainly hematological) toxicity (National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria version 3.0). The maximum tolerable dose was determined to be for cisplatin 20 mg/m(2) i.v. weekly and for capecitabine 575 mg/m(2) b.i.d. orally. CONCLUSIONS This phase I-II study demonstrated that postoperative chemoradiotherapy with weekly cisplatin and daily capecitabine is feasible in gastric cancer at the defined dose level. This schedule is currently being tested as the experimental arm in a phase III multicenter study (CRITICS: chemoradiotherapy after induction chemotherapy in cancer of the stomach; Clinicaltrials.gov NCT 00407186).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Boot
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Dubbelman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - A Cats
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van de Velde CJH. Current role of surgery and multimodal treatment in localized gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2008; 19 Suppl 5:v93-8. [PMID: 18611909 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C J H van de Velde
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Akudugu JM, Slabbert JP. Modulation of radiosensitivity in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts by cisplatin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 86:257-63. [PMID: 18432286 DOI: 10.1139/y08-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cisplatin exposure time, concentration, and irradiation sequence on the sensitivity of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) to gamma-ray exposure were examined. Based on clonogenic cell survival, the cisplatin concentrations corresponding to 50% cell survival (EC(50)) for exposure times of 1 h to 7 days followed a 2-phase exponential decay and ranged from 28.26 +/- 3.32 to 1.53 +/- 0.24 micromol/L, respectively. When cells were treated at EC(50) for exposures of less than 4 h and irradiated immediately, cisplatin inhibited the effect of radiation. Exposures of 4-6 h did not affect radiosensitivity. For exposures of 8-12 h, radiosensitization was observed, which disappeared at 14 h and reappeared for much longer cisplatin treatments. At the lowest achievable EC(50) (1.53 micromol/L), radiosensitization was observed if irradiation was delayed for 1-8 h. This enhancement in radiosensitivity disappeared for irradiation delays of 10-12 h, but reappeared when irradiation was delayed for 14-18 h. These data demonstrate that the mode of interaction between cisplatin and gamma-irradiation depends on the concentration and exposure time of cisplatin, as well as on the timing of irradiation after cisplatin administration. Consideration of changes in cell cycle kinetics may contribute to the improvement of treatment outcomes in adjuvant chemoradiotherapy involving cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Akudugu
- Radiation Biophysics, iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences, P.O. Box 722, Faure, Cape Town 7129, South Africa.
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Jansen EPM, Boot H, Dubbelman R, Bartelink H, Cats A, Verheij M. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy in gastric cancer -- a Phase I/II dose-finding study of radiotherapy with dose escalation of cisplatin and capecitabine chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:712-6. [PMID: 17848909 PMCID: PMC2360378 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesised that gastric cancer outcome could be improved with more effective and intensified postoperative chemoradiotherapy. This phase I/II study was performed to determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicity profile of postoperative radiotherapy with concurrent daily cisplatin and capecitabine. Patients were treated with capecitabine 1000 mg m−2 twice a day (b.i.d.) for 2 weeks. Subsequently, patients received capecitabine (250–650 mg m−2 orally b.i.d., 5 days week−1) and cisplatin (3–6 mg m−2 i.v., 5 days week−1) according to an alternating dose-escalation schedule. Radiotherapy was given to a total dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions. Thirty-one patients completed treatment. During chemoradiotherapy, eight patients developed nine items of grade III and one episode of grade IV (mainly haematological) toxicity. The MTD was determined to be cisplatin 5 mg m−2 i.v. and capecitabine 650 mg m−2 b.i.d. orally. This phase I/II study demonstrated that chemoradiotherapy with daily cisplatin and capecitabine is feasible in postoperative gastric cancer at the defined dose level and is currently being tested in a phase III multicenter study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P M Jansen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jansen EPM, Boot H, Saunders MP, Crosby TDL, Dubbelman R, Bartelink H, Verheij M, Cats A. A phase I-II study of postoperative capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy in gastric cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 69:1424-8. [PMID: 17689023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Intergroup 0116 randomized study showed that postoperative 5-fluorouracil-based chemoradiotherapy improved locoregional control and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. We hypothesized that these results could be improved further by using a more effective, intensified, and convenient chemotherapy schedule. Therefore, this Phase I-II dose-escalation study was performed to determine the maximal tolerated dose and toxicity profile of postoperative radiotherapy combined with concurrent capecitabine. PATIENTS AND METHODS After recovery from surgery for adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction or stomach, all patients were treated with capecitabine monotherapy, 1,000 mg/m2 twice daily for 2 weeks. After a 1-week treatment-free interval, patients received capecitabine (650-1,000 mg/m2 orally twice daily 5 days/week) in a dose-escalation schedule combined with radiotherapy on weekdays for 5 weeks. Radiotherapy was delivered to a total dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions to the gastric bed, anastomoses, and regional lymph nodes. RESULTS Sixty-six patients were treated accordingly. Two patients went off study before or shortly after the start of chemoradiotherapy because of progressive disease. Therefore, 64 patients completed treatment as planned. During the chemoradiotherapy phase, 4 patients developed four items of Grade III dose-limiting toxicity (3 patients in Dose Level II and 1 patient in Dose Level IV). The predefined highest dose of capecitabine, 1,000 mg/m2 twice daily orally, was tolerated well and, therefore, considered safe for further clinical evaluation. CONCLUSIONS This Phase I-II study shows that intensified chemoradiotherapy with daily capecitabine is feasible in postoperative patients with gastroesophageal junction and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin P M Jansen
- Department of Radiotherapy of The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ko AH, Quivey JM, Venook AP, Bergsland EK, Dito E, Schillinger B, Tempero MA. A phase II study of fixed-dose rate gemcitabine plus low-dose cisplatin followed by consolidative chemoradiation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 68:809-16. [PMID: 17363191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal strategy for treating locally advanced pancreatic cancer remains controversial, including the respective roles and timing of chemotherapy and radiation. We conducted a Phase II nonrandomized trial to evaluate sequential chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation in this patient population. METHODS AND MATERIALS Chemotherapy naive patients with locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma were treated with fixed-dose rate gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m(2) at 10 mg/m(2)/min) plus cisplatin 20 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Those without evidence of extrapancreatic metastases after six cycles of chemotherapy received radiation (5,040 cGy over 28 fractions) with concurrent capecitabine (800 mg/m(2) orally twice daily on the day of radiation) as a radiosensitizer. RESULTS A total of 25 patients were enrolled with a median follow-up time of 656 days. Twelve patients (48%) successfully received all six cycles of chemotherapy plus chemoradiation. Eight patients (32%) progressed during chemotherapy, including 7 with extrapancreatic metastases. Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities were uncommon. Two patients sustained myocardial infarctions during chemotherapy, and 4 were hospitalized for infectious complications, although none in the setting of neutropenia. Median time to progression was 10.5 months and median survival was 13.5 months, with an estimated 1-year survival rate of 62%. Patients receiving all components of therapy had a median survival of 17.0 months. CONCLUSIONS A strategy of initial fixed-dose rate gemcitabine-based chemotherapy, followed by chemoradiation, shows promising efficacy for treatment of locally advanced disease. A substantial proportion of patients will be identified early on as having extrapancreatic disease and spared the potential toxicities associated with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Ko
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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Das P, Wolff RA, Abbruzzese JL, Varadhachary GR, Evans DB, Vauthey JN, Baschnagel A, Delclos ME, Krishnan S, Janjan NA, Crane CH. Concurrent capecitabine and upper abdominal radiation therapy is well tolerated. Radiat Oncol 2006; 1:41. [PMID: 17062148 PMCID: PMC1634749 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-1-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We retrospectively evaluated acute toxicity in 88 patients that were treated with capecitabine and concurrent radiotherapy to the upper abdomen. These patients included 28 (32%) with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 18 (20%) with cholangiocarcinoma, 11 (13%) with ampullary carcinoma, 11 (13%) with other primary tumors, 14 (16%) with liver metastases, and 6 (7%) with metastases at other sites. The median dose of radiotherapy was 45 Gy (range 30–72 Gy). The median dose of capecitabine was 850 mg/m2 twice daily, with 77% receiving 800–900 mg/m2 twice daily. The highest grade of acute toxicity was Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) grade 0 in 5 (6%), grade 1 in 60 (68%), grade 2 in 18 (20%), and grade 3 in 5 (6%) patients. No patient had CTC grade 4 toxicity. The most common grade 2 toxicities were nausea, hand-foot syndrome, fatigue, anorexia and diarrhea. The grade 3 toxicities included nausea, vomiting and fatigue. Three patients (3%) required hospitalization due to grade 3 acute toxicity. Capecitabine was interrupted, discontinued or given at an adjusted dose in 13 (15%) patients because of acute toxicity. Therefore, capecitabine and concurrent radiotherapy to the upper abdomen appears to be well tolerated. Capecitabine may serve as an alternative to bolus or infusional 5-FU during chemoradiation for upper gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajnan Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Robert A Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - James L Abbruzzese
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Gauri R Varadhachary
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Douglas B Evans
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Jean Nicolas Vauthey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Andrew Baschnagel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Marc E Delclos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Nora A Janjan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Christopher H Crane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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Abstract
Of the 32,180 patients diagnosed with pancreatic carcinoma in the United States this year, approximately 40% will present with locally advanced disease. Radiotherapeutic approaches are often employed because these patients have unresectable tumors by virtue of local invasion into the retroperitoneal vessels in the absence of clinically detectable metastases. These treatments include external-beam irradiation with and without fluorouracil-based chemotherapy, intraoperative irradiation, and, more recently, external-beam irradiation with new systemic targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Willett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Patel B, Forman J, Fontana J, Frazier A, Pontes E, Vaishampayan U. A single institution experience with concurrent capecitabine and radiation therapy in weak and/or elderly patients with urothelial cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 62:1332-8. [PMID: 16029789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Revised: 12/30/2004] [Accepted: 01/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a single institution experience in delivering concurrent capecitabine and radiation in elderly patients with urothelial cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS The records of patients with urothelial carcinoma treated with capecitabine and radiation at Wayne State University were reviewed. Capecitabine was administered at a median dose of 1600 mg/m2/day (range, 1200-1800 mg/m2). Concurrent radiation therapy (RT) of 40-45 Gy was delivered to a small pelvic field with a four-field technique, with additional boost to tumor area (total, 54-68.4 Gy). RESULTS Fourteen patients who were not candidates for cystectomy or cisplatin-based therapy were treated with capecitabine and concurrent radiation therapy. Median age was 80 years (range, 46-88 years). Five patients had a performance status of 3. Nine patients had localized disease, and 5 patients had advanced disease. The most common overall toxicities were fatigue (43%), diarrhea (Grade 2, 14% and Grade 3, 29%), and dehydration (43%), with no Grade 4 or 5 toxicities. Of 14 patients, 3 (20%) required hospitalization for management of toxicities. Seven patients required dose modification, and the therapy was relatively well tolerated. Clinical complete response was seen in 11 of 13 evaluable patients (77%). At a median follow-up of 10.5 months, only 3 of 11 responders had relapsed. CONCLUSION Concurrent capecitabine and radiation therapy is well-tolerated and demonstrates promising efficacy in urothelial carcinoma, thus offering a tolerable therapeutic option in elderly patients or those with impaired performance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaumik Patel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Schneider BJ, Ben-Josef E, McGinn CJ, Chang AE, Colletti LM, Normolle DP, Hejna GF, Lawrence TS, Zalupski MM. Capecitabine and radiation therapy preceded and followed by combination chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 63:1325-30. [PMID: 15993549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 04/27/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance and toxicity of radiation therapy (RT) and capecitabine in patients with advanced, unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. To control micrometastatic disease, combination chemotherapy (gemcitabine and cisplatin) before and after combined modality therapy (CMT) was planned. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer were eligible. Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 and cisplatin 35 mg/m2 were administered on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle for two cycles. RT was then given to a dose of 50.4 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions. Patients were treated with capecitabine 1330 mg/m2 daily during RT. After CMT, two additional cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin completed the treatment. RESULTS Twenty-three patients were treated. Eighteen patients completed CMT. One patient was removed from study during CMT for toxicity issues. Treatment delays and dose reductions were common during the final two cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin as a result of myelosuppression. Median survival was 10.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.6, 13.7) for all 23 patients and 12.8 months (95% CI = 8.2, 18.9) for 18 patients without metastasis. CONCLUSION Combined modality therapy with RT and capecitabine was well tolerated. Chemotherapy after CMT was difficult to complete owing to cumulative myelosuppression. Survival, response, and toxicity were comparable to infusional 5-fluorouracil and RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Schneider
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Pasetto LM, Pucciarelli S, Agostini M, Rossi E, Monfardini S. Neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2005; 52:61-71. [PMID: 15363467 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2004.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2004] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rectal cancer is one of the most common neoplasms of Western Countries. Overall mortality at 5 years is about 40%. This cancer is commonly diagnosed at a precocious stage, but because of local relapse and/or metastatic disease, only half of radically resected patients can be considered disease free. The value of adding radiotherapy to surgery in the treatment of patients with resectable rectal cancer has been assessed in trials using either preoperative or postoperative irradiation. Preoperative irradiation is more "dose-effective" than postoperative radiotherapy; that is, a higher dose is needed postoperatively to reduce rates of local recurrence to the same extent as preoperative radiation. Nevertheless, preoperative treatment has not been routinely recommended, mainly because it has not been shown to improve overall survival and because in some trials it has been associated with increased postoperative mortality. This paper critically reviews clinical trials of chemoradiotherapy on whether an optimal combination exists for locally advanced rectal cancer. Even if in the latest years, recent advances in surgery have improved the local control of disease, the next steps in rectal cancer care should aim at the improvement of local cure rates and the enhancement of systemic control. New approaches to CT treatment are necessary. Patient enrollment into rigorous and well-conducted clinical trials will generate new information regarding investigational therapies and it will offer improved therapies for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Maria Pasetto
- Medical Oncology Division, Azienda Ospedale--Università, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy.
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Ben-Josef E, Shields AF, Vaishampayan U, Vaitkevicius V, El-Rayes BF, McDermott P, Burmeister J, Bossenberger T, Philip PA. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent capecitabine for pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 59:454-9. [PMID: 15145162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Revised: 11/05/2003] [Accepted: 11/10/2003] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Local failure continues to be a major problem in the management of pancreatic cancer. Delivery of adequate radiation doses to the pancreas is limited by radiation-sensitive normal structures in the upper abdomen. To overcome some of these restrictions, we have developed a regimen of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with concurrent capecitabine. METHODS AND MATERIAL This is a retrospective analysis of the first 15 patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas treated on this regimen (7 as adjuvant therapy after curative resection and 8 patients for unresectable disease). Intensity-modulated radiotherapy was planned using the CORVUS system and delivered with a segmented multileaf collimator, using a 6-MV photon beam and 10 intensity steps. Two target volumes were entered: target 1 consisted of the gross tumor volume (in unresectable cases) or the tumor bed (in postsurgical cases); and target 2 consisted of the draining lymph nodes. Both targets were treated simultaneously in 25 daily fractions, 5 days a week. In the postoperative setting, the total dose to target 1 was 45-54 Gy (median, 54 Gy). For unresectable disease the dose was 54-55 Gy (median, 54 Gy). The total dose to target 2 was 45 Gy in all patients. Patients were treated with one of two six-field beam arrangements found to produce superior dose distributions. Capecitabine was given at 1,600 mg/m(2)/day in two divided doses, 5 days per week, concurrently with radiotherapy. In addition, most patients (73%) received gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Systemic chemotherapy was given before, after, or both before and after chemoradiotherapy in 47%, 7%, and 20% of patients, respectively. Patients were evaluated on a weekly basis. RESULTS Treatment was tolerated well. Grade 1/2 nausea/vomiting developed in 8 patients (53%) and Grade 1/2 hematologic toxicity developed in 9 patients (60%). Only 1 patient (7%) had Grade 3 toxicity, a gastric ulceration that responded to medical management. Nine patients (60%) had weight loss (median, 7 lbs; range, 3-12 lbs). The median follow-up time is 8.5 months (10.1 months in patients who are alive). In the resectable group there have been no deaths, and there has been 1 local relapse (14%). In the unresectable group there have been 2 deaths, and the 1-year actuarial survival rate is 69%. Two patients converted to resectability, 5 patients (62.5%) have persistent locoregional disease after chemoradiotherapy, and 1 patient (12%) is locally controlled without surgery. CONCLUSIONS This regimen of IMRT with tumor-selective radiosensitization is well tolerated. The low toxicity profile compares favorably with that of protocols based on continuous-infusion 5-fluorouracil or gemcitabine, and the preliminary indications of efficacy are encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ben-Josef
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University and the Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Rich TA, Shepard RC, Mosley ST. Four Decades of Continuing Innovation With Fluorouracil: Current and Future Approaches to Fluorouracil Chemoradiation Therapy. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:2214-32. [PMID: 15169811 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chemoradiotherapy, the combination of external radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy, has been the basis for the oncologic management of many patients since its development in the 1960s. Fluorouracil (FU) chemoradiotherapy has demonstrated success in several organ sites with multiple dosing schedules that now guide the selection of oral analogs of FU to provide new chemoradiotherapy options. Methods This article reviews the metabolism and pharmacology of FU and the advantages of administration of FU by continuous infusion or bolus. The potential role and impact of the oral fluorouracil prodrugs UFT, S-1, BOF-A2, and capecitabine as replacements for intravenous administration are discussed. The results of recent chemoradiotherapy studies with FU from 2000 to 2003 are summarized in rectal, head and neck, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, biliary, anal, and cervical cancers. Results Chemoradiotherapy with FU has the potential to widen the therapeutic window by minimizing normal tissue toxicity while maintaining effective tumor toxicity. Overall, FU chemoradiotherapy maximizes local control and, for some tumor sites (such as head and neck, pancreatic, biliary, cervical, esophageal, and gastric cancers), improves survival rates. Moreover, FU chemoradiotherapy results in improved organ preservation with excellent functional outcome in several anatomic sites including head and neck cancer, anal, and rectal cancer, with improved sphincter preservation. Conclusion FU chemoradiotherapy continues to play an important role in the management of many cancer sites. During the last four decades, optimal dosing schedules have produced a therapeutic gain. The introduction of oral prodrug analogs will likely further improve the results of FU therapy in several organ systems, such as the rectum, head and neck, and esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyvin A Rich
- FACR, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800383, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0383, USA.
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Okunieff P, Meyn RE, Teicher BA, Thomas CR, Gaspar LE, Raben D, Giri S, Lavey RS, Turrisi AT, Swanson GP, Smalley SR. Report from the Radiation Oncology Committee of the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG). Am J Clin Oncol 2003; 26:522-9. [PMID: 14528084 DOI: 10.1097/01.coc.0000092253.71406.2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To achieve the ultimate goal of cancer treatment, which is 100% cancer control with negligible toxicity, the therapeutic window must be enlarged, allowing for higher doses of beneficial treatments with reduced toxicity. The advent of image- and metabolism-guided therapy offers the best opportunity to date for combining modern radiation targeting and imaging techniques. Indeed, for the first time, it is reasonable to locally target metastatic disease with the goal of sterilization. Combining these focal radiation techniques with novel targeted antiproliferative agents and full-dose classic cytotoxic chemotherapy will become more effective as we learn to use these compounds in a less systemically toxic manner and as radiation fields become more defined. In addition, increasing numbers of biologic modifiers of normal tissue response are becoming available, and they suggest great promise for decreasing the normal tissue toxicity resulting from both radiation and chemotherapy treatments. Thus, radiation metastectomy for gross metastases, used together with systemic control of micrometastatic disease, may yield improved survival rates. This hypothesis is ready for testing in cancers of the breast, prostate, colon, and in sarcomas. Enlarging the therapeutic window is a major goal that would allow for an increasingly favorable therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, JP Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Lee JL, Kim TW, Chang HM, Lee SK, Kim MH, Kang YK, Kim JS, Kim JH. Locally advanced acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas successfully treated by capecitabine and concurrent radiotherapy: report of two cases. Pancreas 2003; 27:e18-22. [PMID: 12826914 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200307000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Lyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chua DTT, Sham JST, Au GKH. A phase II study of capecitabine in patients with recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma pretreated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Oral Oncol 2003; 39:361-6. [PMID: 12676255 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(02)00120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of capecitabine as a salvage chemotherapy regimen in Chinese patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, 17 patients with recurrent or metastatic NPC previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy as adjuvant or palliative treatments received oral capecitabine at a dose of 1.25 G/m(2) twice daily in 3-week cycles consisting of 2 weeks of treatment followed by rest period of 1 week. Seven patients had local recurrence, seven had distant metastases, one had loco-regional recurrence, and two had both local/regional recurrence and distant metastases. Patients received a median number of three cycles of capecitabine (range: 1-6). The median follow-up was 7.5 months (range: 3-25.3). All patients were included in the efficacy and adverse events analysis. Three patients (17.6%) achieved partial response and one patient (5.9%) achieved complete response, with an overall response rate of 23.5% (95% confidence interval, 7-50%). The duration of response's were 4.2, 5, 6+, and 23.1+ months. Nine patients (52.9%) had stable disease whereas four (23.5%) had progressive disease. The median time to progression was 4.9 months. The median survival was 7.6 months. Five patients are still alive with an estimated 1-year survival rate of 35%. Treatment-related adverse events were generally mild except hand-foot syndrome which occurred in 58.8% of patients. Capecitabine is an effective salvage regimen in patients with recurrent and metastatic NPC. Capecitabine as a single agent or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents or treatment modalities should be further studied in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T T Chua
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam PB-115, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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