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Oiwa K, Hosono N, Nishi R, Scotto L, O'Connor OA, Yamauchi T. Characterization of newly established Pralatrexate-resistant cell lines and the mechanisms of resistance. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:879. [PMID: 34332580 PMCID: PMC8325835 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pralatrexate (PDX) is a novel antifolate approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma, but some patients exhibit intrinsic resistance or develop acquired resistance. Here, we evaluated the mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to PDX and explored potential therapeutic strategies to overcome PDX resistance. Methods To investigate PDX resistance, we established two PDX-resistant T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines (CEM and MOLT4) through continuous exposure to increasing doses of PDX. The resistance mechanisms were evaluated by measuring PDX uptake, apoptosis induction and folate metabolism-related protein expression. We also applied gene expression analysis and methylation profiling to identify the mechanisms of resistance. We then explored rational drug combinations using a spheroid (3D)-culture assay. Results Compared with their parental cells, PDX-resistant cells exhibited a 30-fold increase in half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. Induction of apoptosis by PDX was significantly decreased in both PDX-resistant cell lines. Intracellular uptake of [14C]-PDX decreased in PDX-resistant CEM cells but not in PDX-resistant MOLT4 cells. There was no significant change in expression of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) or folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). Gene expression array analysis revealed that DNA-methyltransferase 3β (DNMT3B) expression was significantly elevated in both cell lines. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that adipogenesis and mTORC1 signaling pathways were commonly upregulated in both resistant cell lines. Moreover, CpG island hypermethylation was observed in both PDX resistant cells lines. In the 3D-culture assay, decitabine (DAC) plus PDX showed synergistic effects in PDX-resistant cell lines compared with parental lines. Conclusions The resistance mechanisms of PDX were associated with reduced cellular uptake of PDX and/or overexpression of DNMT3B. Epigenetic alterations were also considered to play a role in the resistance mechanism. The combination of DAC and PDX exhibited synergistic activity, and thus, this approach might improve the clinical efficacy of PDX. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08607-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Oiwa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Naoko Hosono
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Rie Nishi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Luigi Scotto
- The Center of Lymphoid Malignancy, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Owen A O'Connor
- The Center of Lymphoid Malignancy, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia, 1215 Lee Street, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Takahiro Yamauchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
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Zafon C, Gil J, Pérez-González B, Jordà M. DNA methylation in thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:R415-R439. [PMID: 31035251 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cancer genomics has provided new insights into genetic alterations and signaling pathways involved in thyroid cancer. However, the picture of the molecular landscape is not yet complete. DNA methylation, the most widely studied epigenetic mechanism, is altered in thyroid cancer. Recent technological advances have allowed the identification of novel differentially methylated regions, methylation signatures and potential biomarkers. However, despite recent progress in cataloging methylation alterations in thyroid cancer, many questions remain unanswered. The aim of this review is to comprehensively examine the current knowledge on DNA methylation in thyroid cancer and discuss its potential clinical applications. After providing a general overview of DNA methylation and its dysregulation in cancer, we carefully describe the aberrant methylation changes in thyroid cancer and relate them to methylation patterns, global hypomethylation and gene-specific alterations. We hope this review helps to accelerate the use of the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential of DNA methylation for the benefit of thyroid cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Zafon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit (VHIR) and Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron and Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for the Study of Thyroid Cancer (CECaT), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Gil
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-González
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Jordà
- Consortium for the Study of Thyroid Cancer (CECaT), Catalonia, Spain
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
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Deciphering the Elevated Lipid via CD36 in Mantle Cell Lymphoma with Bortezomib Resistance Using Synchrotron-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Single Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040576. [PMID: 31022903 PMCID: PMC6521097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite overall progress in improving cancer treatments, the complete response of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is still limited due to the inevitable development of drug resistance. More than half of patients did not attain response to bortezomib (BTZ), the approved treatment for relapsed or refractory MCL. Understanding how MCL cells acquire BTZ resistance at the molecular level may be a key to the long-term management of MCL patients and new therapeutic strategies. We established a series of de novo BTZ-resistant human MCL-derived cells with approximately 15- to 60-fold less sensitivity than those of parental cells. Using gene expression profiling, we discovered that putative cancer-related genes involved in drug resistance and cell survival tested were mostly downregulated, likely due to global DNA hypermethylation. Significant information on dysregulated lipid metabolism was obtained from synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of single cells. We demonstrated for the first time an upregulation of CD36 in highly BTZ-resistant cells in accordance with an increase in their lipid accumulation. Ectopic expression of CD36 causes an increase in lipid droplets and renders BTZ resistance to various human MCL cells. By contrast, inhibition of CD36 by neutralizing antibody strongly enhances BTZ sensitivity, particularly in CD36-overexpressing cells and de novo BTZ-resistant cells. Together, our findings highlight the potential application of CD36 inhibition for BTZ sensitization and suggest the use of FTIR spectroscopy as a promising technique in cancer research.
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Jahangiri R, Mosaffa F, Emami Razavi A, Teimoori‐Toolabi L, Jamialahmadi K. Altered DNA methyltransferases promoter methylation and mRNA expression are associated with tamoxifen response in breast tumors. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7305-7319. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Jahangiri
- Department of Medical BiotechnologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Fatemeh Mosaffa
- Biotechnology Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Amirnader Emami Razavi
- Iran National Tumor BankCancer Biology Research CenterCancer Institute of IranTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Khadijeh Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Poulose AC, Veeranarayanan S, Mohamed MS, Aburto RR, Mitcham T, Bouchard RR, Ajayan PM, Sakamoto Y, Maekawa T, Kumar DS. Multifunctional Cu 2-xTe Nanocubes Mediated Combination Therapy for Multi-Drug Resistant MDA MB 453. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35961. [PMID: 27775048 PMCID: PMC5075932 DOI: 10.1038/srep35961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypermethylated cancer populations are hard to treat due to their enhanced chemo-resistance, characterized by aberrant methylated DNA subunits. Herein, we report on invoking response from such a cancer lineage to chemotherapy utilizing multifunctional copper telluride (Cu2-XTe) nanocubes (NCs) as photothermal and photodynamic agents, leading to significant anticancer activity. The NCs additionally possessed photoacoustic and X-ray contrast imaging abilities that could serve in image-guided therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aby Cheruvathoor Poulose
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, 350-8585, Japan
| | - Srivani Veeranarayanan
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, 350-8585, Japan
| | - M. Sheikh Mohamed
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, 350-8585, Japan
| | - Rebeca Romero Aburto
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Trevor Mitcham
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Richard R. Bouchard
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Pulickel M. Ajayan
- Department of Material Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yasushi Sakamoto
- Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Analytical Science, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, 350-8585, Japan
| | - D. Sakthi Kumar
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, 350-8585, Japan
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Thakral G, Vierkoetter K, Namiki S, Lawicki S, Fernandez X, Ige K, Kawahara W, Lum C. AML multi-gene panel testing: A review and comparison of two gene panels. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:372-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Cao H, Wang L, Chen B, Zheng P, He Y, Ding Y, Deng Y, Lu X, Guo X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yu G. DNA Demethylation Upregulated Nrf2 Expression in Alzheimer's Disease Cellular Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 7:244. [PMID: 26779013 PMCID: PMC4700271 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor in the defense against oxidative stress. Cumulative evidence has shown that oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous animal and clinical studies had observed decreased expression of Nrf2 in AD. However, the underlying regulation mechanisms of Nrf2 in AD remain unclear. Here, we used the DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) to test whether Nrf2 expression was regulated by methylation in N2a cells characterizing by expressing human Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein (N2a/APPswe). We found 5-Aza treatment increased Nrf2 at both messenger RNA and protein levels via downregulating the expression of Dnmts and DNA demethylation. In addition, 5-Aza-mediated upregulation of Nrf2 expression was concomitant with increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and higher expression of Nrf2 downstream target gene NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductas (NQO1). Our study showed that DNA demethylation promoted the Nrf2 cell signaling pathway, which may enhance the antioxidant system against AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Bio-therapy and Hemato-oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute , Chongqing , China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yushuang Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuming Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Penter L, Maier B, Frede U, Hackner B, Carell T, Hagemeier C, Truss M. A rapid screening system evaluates novel inhibitors of DNA methylation and suggests F-box proteins as potential therapeutic targets for high-risk neuroblastoma. Target Oncol 2015; 10:523-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-014-0354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ding YB, Long CL, Liu XQ, Chen XM, Guo LR, Xia YY, He JL, Wang YX. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine leads to reduced embryo implantation and reduced expression of DNA methyltransferases and essential endometrial genes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45364. [PMID: 23028963 PMCID: PMC3460940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) incorporates into DNA and decreases DNA methylation, sparking interest in its use as a potential therapeutic agent. We aimed to determine the effects of maternal 5-aza-CdR treatment on embryo implantation in the mouse and to evaluate whether these effects are associated with decreased levels of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) and three genes (estrogen receptor α [Esr1], progesterone receptor [Pgr], and homeobox A10 [Hoxa10]) that are vital for control of endometrial changes during implantation. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mice treated with 5-aza-CdR had a dose-dependent decrease in number of implantation sites, with defected endometrial decidualization and stromal cell proliferation. Western blot analysis on pseudo-pregnant day 3 (PD3) showed that 0.1 mg/kg 5-aza-CdR significantly repressed Dnmt3a protein level, and 0.5 mg/kg 5-aza-CdR significantly repressed Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b protein levels in the endometrium. On PD5, mice showed significantly decreased Dnmt3a protein level with 0.1 mg/kg 5-aza-CdR, and significantly decreased Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a with 0.5 mg/kg 5-aza-CdR. Immunohistochemical staining showed that 5-aza-CdR repressed DNMT expression in a cell type-specific fashion within the uterus, including decreased expression of Dnmt1 in luminal and/or glandular epithelium and of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in stroma. Furthermore, the 5' flanking regions of the Esr1, Pgr, and Hoxa10 were hypomethylated on PD5. Interestingly, the higher (0.5 mg/kg) dose of 5-aza-CdR decreased protein expression of Esr1, Pgr, and Hoxa10 in the endometrium on PD5 in both methylation-dependent and methylation-independent manners. CONCLUSIONS The effects of 5-aza-CdR on embryo implantation in mice were associated with altered expression of endometrial Dnmts and genes controlling endometrial changes, suggesting that altered gene methylation, and not cytotoxicity alone, contributes to implantation defects induced by 5-aza-CdR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lan Long
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qing Liu
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang-Rui Guo
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin-Yin Xia
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Lin He
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Sun Y, Guo Z, Iku S, Saito T, Kurasaki M. Diethyl phthalate enhances expression of SIRT1 and DNMT3a during apoptosis in PC12 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:1484-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Sun
- Environmental Adaptation Science, Division of Environmental Science Development, Graduate School of Environmental Science; Hokkaido University; 060-0810 Sapporo Japan
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Medical Tissue Regeneration of Henan Province; Xinxiang Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine Xinxiang Medical University; 453003 Xinxiang China
| | - Shouhei Iku
- Key Laboratory for Medical Tissue Regeneration of Henan Province; Xinxiang Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine Xinxiang Medical University; 453003 Xinxiang China
- Beijing Academy of Science and Technology; 100089 Beijing China
- Jiangsu Alphay Biological Technology Co., Ltd; 226009 Nantong China
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Division of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences; Hokkaido University; 060-0812 Sapporo Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Environmental Adaptation Science, Division of Environmental Science Development, Graduate School of Environmental Science; Hokkaido University; 060-0810 Sapporo Japan
- Group of Environmental Adaptation Science, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science; Hokkaido University; 060-0810 Sapporo Japan
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Shi JF, Li XJ, Si XX, Li AD, Ding HJ, Han X, Sun YJ. ERα positively regulated DNMT1 expression by binding to the gene promoter region in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:47-53. [PMID: 22975348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ER) are expressed in approximately 65% of human breast cancer. Clinical trials and retrospective analyses showed that ER-positive (ER+) tumors were more vulnerable to development of chemotherapy resistance than ER-negative (ER-) tumors. The underlying mechanism is still to be elucidated. Aberrant DNA methylation has been recognized to be associated with cancer chemotherapy resistance. Recently, steroid hormone and their receptors have been found to be involved in the regulation of methyltransferases (DNMTs) and thereby contribute to chemotherapy resistance. The purpose of this study is to explore whether ERα could directly regulate the DNMTs expression. We first analyzed the methylation alterations and its correlation with the expression levels of three types of DNMTs in our established paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer lines, MCF-7(ER+)/PTX and MDA-MB-231(ER-)/PTX cell lines, using qMSP, real-time PCR and Western blot. Then we determined the function of ERα in regulation of DNMT1 using luciferase report gene systems. Our data demonstrated for the first time that ERα could upregulate DNMT1 expression by directly binding to the DNMT1 promoter region in MFC-7(ER+)/PTX cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Charlet J, Schnekenburger M, Brown KW, Diederich M. DNA demethylation increases sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:858-65. [PMID: 22280814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a common embryonal malignancy in which high-stage cases have a poor prognosis, often associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. DNA methylation alterations are frequent in neuroblastoma and can modulate sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs in other cancers, suggesting that manipulation of epigenetic modifications could provide novel treatment strategies for neuroblastoma. We evaluated neuroblastoma cell lines for DNA demethylation induced by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, using genome-wide and gene-specific assays. Cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin, doxorubicin and etoposide), with and without 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, were determined by morphological and biochemical apoptosis assays. We observed that the extent of genome-wide DNA demethylation induced by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine varied between cell lines and was associated with expression differences of genes involved in the uptake and metabolism of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with a combination of chemotherapeutic drugs and 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine significantly increased the levels of apoptosis induced by cisplatin, doxorubicin and etoposide, compared to treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs alone. The variable demethylation of cell lines in response to 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine suggests that epigenetic modifiers need to be targeted to suitably susceptible tumours for maximum therapeutic benefit. Epigenetic modifiers, such as 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, could be used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to enhance their cytotoxicity, providing more effective treatment options for chemoresistant neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Charlet
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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Lambrot R, Kimmins S. Histone methylation is a critical regulator of the abnormal expression of POU5F1 and RASSF1A in testis cancer cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:110-23. [PMID: 20497257 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
DNA and histone methylation are epigenetic modifications functioning in transcriptional control and have been implicated in the deregulation of gene expression in cancer. As a first step to determine if histone methylation could be involved in testis cancer pathogenesis, we performed immunofluorescent localization of histone H3 methylation at lysine 4 (H3-K4; gene activating) and lysine 9 (H3-K9; gene silencing) in healthy testis tissue and in samples of non-seminoma germ-cell tumours. In healthy testis, the distribution of histone H3 methylation was dependent on the developmental stage of spermatogenic cells and in non-seminoma, histone H3-K4 and K9 methylation was detected in all histological subtypes. This suggested that histone H3-K4 and K9 methylation could be associated with abnormal gene expression in non-seminoma. To determine the gene-specific function of histone H3 methylation, we proceeded to define the epigenetic status of key genes implicated in the pathogenesis of non-seminoma, namely the proto-oncogene POU5F1, which is overexpressed in testis cancer, and the tumour suppressor RASSF1A, which is aberrantly silenced. Cell lines representative of non-seminoma were treated with the chromatin-modifying drug, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). Chromatin immunoprecipitation and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that treatment with 5-aza-dC restored RASSF1A expression through a loss of gene silencing H3-K9 methylation and by retention of gene activating H3-K4 tri-methylation in the promoter region. In contrast, the expression of POU5F1 was reduced by 5-aza-dC and was associated with a loss of gene activating H3-K4 di-methylation in the promoter region. Analysis of DNA methylation revealed a slight reduction in DNA hypermethylation at the RASSF1A promoter, whereas the POU5F1 promoter remained mostly unmethylated and unaffected. Our results indicate that the effects of 5-aza-dC on histone methylation profiles are gene-specific and that aberrant histone modifications may serve as a principal means of misregulation of RASSF1A and POU5F1 expression in testis cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lambrot
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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New approaches to pharmacotherapy of tumors of the nervous system during childhood and adolescence. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 122:44-55. [PMID: 19318043 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumors of the nervous system are among the most common and most chemoresistant neoplasms of childhood and adolescence. Malignant tumors of the brain collectively account for 21% of all cancers and 24% of all cancer-related deaths in this age group. Neuroblastoma, a peripheral nervous system tumor, is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, and 65% of children with this tumor have only a 10 or 15% chance of living 5 years beyond the time of initial diagnosis. Novel pharmacological approaches to nervous system tumors are urgently needed. This review presents the role of and current challenges to pharmacotherapy of malignant tumors of the nervous system during childhood and adolescence and discusses novel approaches aimed at overcoming these challenges.
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Segura-Pacheco B, Perez-Cardenas E, Taja-Chayeb L, Chavez-Blanco A, Revilla-Vazquez A, Benitez-Bribiesca L, Duenas-González A. Global DNA hypermethylation-associated cancer chemotherapy resistance and its reversion with the demethylating agent hydralazine. J Transl Med 2006; 4:32. [PMID: 16893460 PMCID: PMC1563479 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-4-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy continues to be a major obstacle for successful anticancer therapy. It has been shown that cells exposed to toxic concentrations of commonly used cancer chemotherapy agents develop DNA hypermethylation. Hence, demethylating agents could play a role in overcoming drug resistance. METHODS MCF-7 cells were rendered adriamycin-resistant by weekly treatment with adriamycin. Wild-type and the resulting MCF-7/Adr cells were analyzed for global DNA methylation. DNA methyltransferase activity and DNA methyltransferase (dnmt) gene expression were also determined. MCF-7/Adr cells were then subjected to antisense targeting of dnmt1, -3a, and -b genes and to treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor hydralazine to investigate whether DNA demethylation restores sensitivity to adriamycin. RESULTS MCF-7/Adr cells exhibited the multi-drug resistant phenotype as demonstrated by adriamycin resistance, mdr1 gene over-expression, decreased intracellular accumulation of adriamycin, and cross-resistance to paclitaxel. The mdr phenotype was accompanied by global DNA hypermethylation, over-expression of dnmt genes, and increased DNA methyltransferase activity as compared with wild-type MCF-7 cells. DNA demethylation through antisense targeting of dnmts or hydralazine restored adriamycin sensitivity of MCF-7/Adr cells to a greater extent than verapamil, a known inhibitor of mdr protein, suggesting that DNA demethylation interferes with the epigenetic reprogramming that participates in the drug-resistant phenotype. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that DNA hypermethylation is at least partly responsible for development of the multidrug-resistant phenotype in the MCF-7/Adr model and that hydralazine, a known DNA demethylating agent, can revert the resistant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Segura-Pacheco
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico
| | - Enrique Perez-Cardenas
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico
| | - Lucia Taja-Chayeb
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico
| | - Alma Chavez-Blanco
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico
| | - Alma Revilla-Vazquez
- Lab. de Desarrollo de Metodos Analiticos, FES-Cuautitlan, UNAM, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luis Benitez-Bribiesca
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital de Oncologia, CMN-SXXI, IMSS, DF, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Duenas-González
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico
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Qiu YY, Mirkin BL, Dwivedi RS. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase reverses cisplatin induced drug resistance in murine neuroblastoma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 29:456-63. [PMID: 16185816 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdp.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired drug resistance is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of neuroblastoma by chemotherapy. Recent studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that drug-induced alterations in DNA methylation play an important role in this process. METHODS The reversal of resistance to cisplatin in murine neuroblastoma (MNB) was induced by inhibition of DNA methyltransferase activity. MNB cells overexpressing DNA methyltransferase activity (Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b) were established by stable co-transfection of wild type MNB cells with plasmids containing Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b cDNA. Cytotoxic response (IC50), total DNA methyltransferase activity and expression of Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b methyltransferase were determined in Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b transfected MNB cells, respectively. RESULTS These data demonstrated that total DNA methyltransferase activity was increased to 3-fold above controls (P<0.001) in cisplatin resistant MNB cells, 3-fold in Dnmt3a and 4-fold in Dnmt3b transfected MNB cells. Western blot and RT-PCR data confirmed a corresponding increase in Dnmt3a and 3b expression in cisplatin resistant and transfected cells when compared with control MNB cells (P<0.001). MNB clones overexpressing Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b proteins were resistant to cisplatin treatment (10(-6) M). Incubation of cisplatin resistant, Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b overexpressing MNB cells with 5'-azacytidine (5'-azaC), a methylation inhibitor (2.5 microM) significantly decreased DNA methyltransferase activity, expression of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b proteins and mRNA levels of cisplatin resistant, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b transfected MNB cells. Cytotoxicity studies using the MTT assay demonstrated that the sensitivity of cisplatin resistant, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b overexpressing MNB cells to cisplatin was increased 10-fold (P<0.001) following 5'-azaC treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the overexpression of DNA methyltransferase is associated with a cisplatin resistant phenotype in MNB cells that may or may not be true in animal studies or in the clinical setup. Thus, DNA methylation plays a central role in onset of drug resistance in cisplatin resistant neuroblastoma cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yong Qiu
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Children's Memorial Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 2300 Children's Plaza, Mail Box # 224, Chicago, IL 60614-3394, USA
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