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Shiino Y, Sakai S, Takeishi R, Hayashi H, Watanabe M, Tsujimura T, Magara J, Ito K, Tsukada T, Inoue M. Effect of body posture on involuntary swallow in healthy volunteers. Physiol Behav 2016; 155:250-9. [PMID: 26742532 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, reclining posture has been reported to reduce risk of aspiration. However, during involuntary swallow in reclining posture, changes in orofacial and pharyngeal movement before and during pharyngeal swallow should be considered. Further, the mechanisms underlying the effect of body posture on involuntary swallow remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of body posture on activity patterns of the suprahyoid muscles and on patterns of bolus transport during a natural involuntary swallow. Thirteen healthy male adults participated in a water infusion test and a chewing test. In the water infusion test, thickened water was delivered into the pharynx at a very slow rate until the first involuntary swallow was evoked. In the chewing test, subjects were asked to eat 10 g of gruel rice. In both tests, the recording was performed at four body postures between upright and supine positions. Results showed that reclining changed the location of the bolus head at the start of swallow and prolonged onset latency of the swallowing initiation. Muscle burst duration and whiteout time measured by videoendoscopy significantly increased with body reclining and prolongation of the falling time. In the chewing test, reclining changed the location of the bolus head at the start of swallow, and the frequency of bolus residue after the first swallow increased. Duration and area of EMG burst and whiteout time significantly increased with body reclining. These data suggest that body reclining may result in prolongation of pharyngeal swallow during involuntary swallow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Shiino
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Takeda General Hospital, 3-27 Yamaga-machi, Fukushima 965-8585, Japan
| | - Shogo Sakai
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takeishi
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hayashi
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takanori Tsujimura
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Jin Magara
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ito
- Oral Rehabilitation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-754 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Tetsu Tsukada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Takeda General Hospital, 3-27 Yamaga-machi, Fukushima 965-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
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Tsujimura T, Tsuji K, Magara J, Sakai S, Suzuki T, Nakamura Y, Nozawa-Inoue K, Inoue M. Differential response properties of peripherally and cortically evoked swallows by electrical stimulation in anesthetized rats. Brain Res Bull 2016; 122:12-8. [PMID: 26899586 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We compared onset latency, motor-response patterns, and the effect of electrical stimulation of the cortical masticatory area between peripherally and cortically evoked swallows by electrical stimulation in anesthetized rats. The number of swallows and the motor patterns were determined using electromyographic recordings from the thyrohyoid, digastric, and masseter muscles. The onset latency of the first swallow evoked by electrical stimulation of the cortical swallowing area (Cx) was significantly longer than that evoked by stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). The duration of thyrohyoid burst activity associated with SLN-evoked swallows was significantly longer than that associated with either Cx-evoked or spontaneous swallows. Combining Cx with SLN stimulation increased the number of swallows at low levels of SLN stimulation. Finally, A-area (the orofacial motor cortex) stimulation inhibited Cx-evoked swallows significantly more than it inhibited SLN-evoked swallows. These findings suggest that peripherally and cortically evoked swallows have different response properties and are affected differently by the mastication network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Tsujimura
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Kojun Tsuji
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Jin Magara
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Shogo Sakai
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Taku Suzuki
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kayoko Nozawa-Inoue
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Venker-van Haagen AJ, Van den Brom WE, Hellebrekers LJ. Effect of superior laryngeal nerve transection on pharyngeal muscle contraction timing and sequence of activity during eating and stimulation of the nucleus solitarius in dogs. Brain Res Bull 1999; 49:393-400. [PMID: 10483915 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of unilateral or bilateral transection of the superior laryngeal nerve on the electromyographic activity in the hyopharyngeal, thyropharyngeal, and cricopharyngeal muscles was studied in 10 dogs during eating and during unilateral electrical stimulation of the solitary nucleus. In all groups of dogs, after unilateral or bilateral transection, there were some swallowing actions in which the sequence of activity in the pharyngeal muscles was disturbed during eating and during stimulation of the solitary nucleus. In the dogs in which the transection was unilateral, this fraction was 18% in the ipsilateral muscles during eating and 7% in the contralateral muscles. After bilateral transection it was 8% in the left muscles and 16% in the right muscles. The fractions were not significantly different when swallowing was evoked by stimulation of the solitary nucleus. Swallowing actions having a normal sequence of activity in these dogs were compared with those in a group of eight dogs in which the superior laryngeal nerves were intact. Contraction timing was not significantly different during eating, but during stimulation of the solitary nucleus the timing was significantly shorter than in the dogs with intact nerves. It was concluded that superior laryngeal nerve transection modulates the central pattern generator for pharyngeal swallowing in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Venker-van Haagen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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