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Mutinda ES, Kimutai F, Mkala EM, Waswa EN, Odago WO, Nanjala C, Ndungu CN, Gichua MK, Njire MM, Gituru RW, Hu GW. Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of pantropical genus Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae): An update. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115895. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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Mutinda ES, Kimutai F, Mkala EM, Waswa EN, Odago WO, Nanjala C, Ndungu CN, Gichua MK, Njire MM, Gituru RW, Hu GW. Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of pantropical genus Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae): An update. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115895. [PMID: 36513263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants have been used in various parts of the world to treat various diseases. The genus Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) is the second largest genus of this family and comprises approximately 225-549 species distributed in the tropical and temperate regions of the world. Plants of this genus are trees and shrubs with various applications in folklore medicine for food, medicine, construction, and other uses. AIM OF THE REVIEW The goal of this review is to give an updated data on the ethnobotanical applications, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the Zanthoxylum species to investigate their medicinal potential and identify research gaps for future research studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was obtained through a systematic search of published literature and online databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, and Sci-Finder. The botanical names were confirmed using the World Flora Online and chemical structures were drawn using the ChemBio Draw Ultra Version 14.0 Software. RESULTS The Zanthoxylum species have a wide use in different parts of the continents as a remedy for various diseases such as digestive diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, venereal diseases, respiratory diseases, rheumatism, bacterial diseases, viral, and other diseases. Various parts of the plant comprising fruits, seeds, twigs, leaves, oils, and stems are administered singly or in the form of decoction, infusion, powder, paste, poultice, juice, or mixed with other medicinal plants to cure the disease. More than 400 secondary metabolites have been isolated and characterized in this genus with various biological activities, which comprise alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, lignans, alcohols, fatty acids, amides, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, and hydrocarbons. The crude extracts, fractions, and chemical compounds isolated from the genus have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities both in vivo and in vitro, including; anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-sickling, hepatoprotective, antipyretic, antitumor, and other pharmacological activities. CONCLUSION This genus has demonstrated an array of phytoconstituents with therapeutic potential. The ethnobotanical uses of this genus have been confirmed in modern pharmacological research. This genus is a potential source for modern drug discovery and health care products. Further and extensive research is therefore required on the safety approval and therapeutic application of the species of this genus as well as clinical trials and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Festus Kimutai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Emmanuel Nyongesa Waswa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wyclif Ochieng Odago
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Consolata Nanjala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Caroline Njambi Ndungu
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Moses Kirega Gichua
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Moses Muguci Njire
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Robert Wahiti Gituru
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Okagu IU, Ndefo JC, Aham EC, Udenigwe CC. Zanthoxylum Species: A Comprehensive Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134023. [PMID: 34209371 PMCID: PMC8272177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum species (Syn. Fagara species) of the Rutaceae family are widely used in many countries as food and in trado-medicinal practice due to their wide geographical distribution and medicinal properties. Peer reviewed journal articles and ethnobotanical records that reported the traditional knowledge, phytoconstituents, biological activities and toxicological profiles of Z. species with a focus on metabolic and neuronal health were reviewed. It was observed that many of the plant species are used as food ingredients and in treating inflammation, pain, hypertension and brain diseases. Over 500 compounds have been isolated from Z. species, and the biological activities of both the plant extracts and their phytoconstituents, including their mechanisms of action, are discussed. The phytochemicals responsible for the biological activities of some of the species are yet to be identified. Similarly, biological activities of some isolated compounds remain unknown. Taken together, the Z. species extracts and compounds possess promising biological activities and should be further explored as potential sources of new nutraceuticals and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Joseph Chinedu Ndefo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (J.C.N.); (C.C.U.)
| | - Emmanuel Chigozie Aham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (E.C.A.)
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.C.N.); (C.C.U.)
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Heredia Díaz Y, Tuenter E, Garcia-Díaz J, Ochoa Pacheco A, Cos P, Pieters L, Escalona Arranz JC. Novel flavonol-3- O-methylethers from Zanthoxylum pistaciifolium Griseb. (Rutaceae). Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4869-4878. [PMID: 33813981 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1906240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum pistaciifolium Griseb. is a tree endemic to Cuba, occasionally used in herbal medicine. Previously, the antitrypanosomal activity of a n-hexane-2-butanone extract of Z. pistaciifolium leaves and of its constituent skimmianine were published. In the current study a more thorough examination of the respective extract is performed, which led to the isolation and identification of three flavonoids, more specifically, the flavonol-3-O-methylethers kaempferol-3-O-methylether (1) and novel compounds kaempferol-3-O-methylether-5-O-β-D-glucoside (2) and kaempferol-8-hydroxy-3,7-O-dimethylether-5-O-β-D-glucoside (3). All compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and antiprotozoal activity and cytotoxicity towards MRC-5 SV2 cells. Compound 1 showed a moderate to weak activity against Trypanosoma cruzi (IC50 30.8 μM), T. brucei (IC50 15.4 μM) and Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 53.8 μM), but also showed cytotoxicity (CC50 19.0 μM). Compounds 2 and 3 did not display activity in any of the assays (IC50 and CC50 > 64 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamilé Heredia Díaz
- Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Pharmacy Department, University of Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.,Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emmy Tuenter
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jesús Garcia-Díaz
- Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Pharmacy Department, University of Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Ania Ochoa Pacheco
- Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Pharmacy Department, University of Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Nooreen Z, Tandon S, Yadav NP, Kumar P, Xuan TD, Ahmad A. Zanthoxylum: A Review of its Traditional Uses, Naturally Occurring Constituents and Pharmacological Properties. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190528072011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum, commonly known as Timoor, has been used in different traditional systems of medicine and also for several other applications such as chemopreventive agents, tooth care, as spices, condiments, etc. Due to the pungent taste of fruits, seeds, leaves, bark, and therapeutic remedies, especially in Indian system of medicine, Eastern Asian countries and in Central America, it is being substituted for pepper. The collection of Zanthoxylum armatum DC; Syn. Z. alatum Roxb and its several species used for food, medicine and barter has been a part of the culture of many communities in different countries. The fruits and seeds of timoor are well known in ayurvedic medicine and used for different diseases. The bark of the plant has also been reported for hepatoprotective activity. Several natural compounds have been isolated and identified in several classes, from different plant parts and species. The Zanthoxylum compounds and extracts of the plant parts have been reported for several types of biological activities. This review aims to examine the detailed aspects of phytochemical compounds and pharmacological activities covering maximum species of this genus. In view of the available pharmacological data and traditional use in Indian system of medicine and in other countries also, Z. armatum and other species certainly deserve more investigations. However, clinical evidence and rigorous investigations for quality control are required before any recommendation for Zanthoxylum based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfa Nooreen
- Phytochemical Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Sudeep Tandon
- Phytochemical Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Narayan P. Yadav
- Botany and Pharmacognosy Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Phytochemical Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Tran D. Xuan
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Phytochemical Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow-226015, India
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Rios MY, Córdova-Albores LC, Ramírez-Cisneros MÁ, King-Díaz B, Lotina-Hennsen B, León Rivera I, Miranda-Sánchez D. Phytotoxic Potential of Zanthoxylum affine and Its Major Compound Linarin as a Possible Natural Herbicide. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14779-14787. [PMID: 30555988 PMCID: PMC6289490 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Four compounds, the flavone linarin (1), the triterpene lupenone (2), the tocopherol (vitamin E, 3), and the new natural alkaloid 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1-dimethyl-6,7-isoquinolindiol (affineine, 4), were the major natural products isolated from Zanthoxylum affine (syn. Zanthoxylum fagara, Rutaceae). Compound 1 is highly abundant in this plant and was isolated as a white precipitate obtained from the acetone and methanol extracts. The structure of these four compounds was established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy including 1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC experiments. The hexane, acetone, and methanol extracts, as well as 1, were evaluated for their potential phytotoxic effects in pre- and post-emergent assays, as well as to identify their mechanisms of action. As pre-emergent phytotoxic agents, the hexane, acetone, and methanol extracts inhibited germination and residual growth (root and stem elongation) of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass). As post-emergent agents, they inhibited dry biomass. Compound 1 acts as a pre-emergent herbicide, by inhibiting germination, seed respiration, residual seedling growth and, notably, root hair development. Furthermore, 1 inhibited the synthesis of ATP and the electron transport chain of isolated spinach chloroplasts; in this way, it behaves as a Hill reaction inhibitor. The site of inhibition was located at the donor site of PSII from the oxygen evolving complex to QA, thus acting as a multisite compound. These results suggest that compound 1 can be used as a lead for a potential green herbicide with different targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Yolanda Rios
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- E-mail: . Phone: +52 777 329 7000 ext. 6024. Fax: +52
777 329 7997 (M.Y.R.)
| | - Liliana Carolina Córdova-Albores
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - M. Ángeles Ramírez-Cisneros
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Beatriz King-Díaz
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Ciudad
Universitaria, 04510 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Blas Lotina-Hennsen
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Ciudad
Universitaria, 04510 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Ismael León Rivera
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Diter Miranda-Sánchez
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Growth, Survival and Spore Formation of the Pathogenic Aquatic Oomycete Aphanomyces astaci and Fungus Fusarium avenaceum Are Inhibited by Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Bark Extracts In Vitro. FISHES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes3010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Amel MK, Mohamed ISA, Heba T, Maha GH, Eman GH. Phytochemical and biological analyses of Citharexylum spinosum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/jpp2017.0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Kwon HJ, Hwang J, Lee J, Chae SK, Lee JH, Kim JH, Hwang KS, Kim EC, Park YD. ANALYSIS AND INVESTIGATION OF CHEMICAL STABILITY ON PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN ZANTHOXYLUM SCHINIFOLIUM-CONTAINING DENTIFRICES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.807463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Jeong Kwon
- a Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry , Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdaemoon-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyun Hwang
- a Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry , Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdaemoon-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Junghaeng Lee
- b Department of Prosthodontics , School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdamun-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyun Chae
- c Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - John-Hwan Lee
- c Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Kim
- d Department of Dental Laboratory Science & Engineering , College of Health Science, Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Hwang
- e Department of Dental Technology , Shinheung University , Uijeongbu , Kyunggido , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- f Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration , School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdamun-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Duk Park
- a Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry , Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdaemoon-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Sun JB, Qu W, Xiong Y, Liang JY. Quinoline alkaloids and sesquiterpenes from the roots of Dictamnus angustifolius. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ndjonka D, Bergmann B, Agyare C, Zimbres FM, Lüersen K, Hensel A, Wrenger C, Liebau E. In vitro activity of extracts and isolated polyphenols from West African medicinal plants against Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:827-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kharshiing EV. Aqueous Extracts of Dried Fruits of <i>Zanthoxylum armatum</i> DC., (Rutaceae) Induce Cellular and Nuclear Damage Coupled with Inhibition of Mitotic Activity <i>in Vivo</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2012.311200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Natural products from ethnodirected studies: revisiting the ethnobiology of the zombie poison. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:202508. [PMID: 21977054 PMCID: PMC3184504 DOI: 10.1155/2012/202508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Wade Davis's study of Haitian “zombification” in the 1980s was a landmark in ethnobiological research. His research was an attempt to trace the origins of reports of “undead” Haitians, focusing on the preparation of the zombification poison. Starting with this influential ethnopharmacological research, this study examines advances in the pharmacology of natural products, focusing especially on those of animal-derived products. Ethnopharmacological, pharmacological, and chemical aspects are considered. We also update information on the animal species that reportedly constitute the zombie poison. Several components of the zombie powder are not unique to Haiti and are used as remedies in traditional medicine worldwide. This paper emphasizes the medicinal potential of products from zootherapy. These biological products are promising sources for the development of new drugs.
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Lima LM, Perazzo FF, Tavares Carvalho JC, Bastos JK. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the ethanolic extracts from Zanthoxylum riedelianum (Rutaceae) leaves and stem bark. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:1151-8. [PMID: 17725859 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.8.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaves (LCE) and stem bark (BCE) crude extracts of Zanthoxylum riedelianum (Rutaceae). Different fractions of the stem bark extract (hexane, BCEH; dichloromethane, BCED; ethyl acetate, BCEE; and lyophilized aqueous residual, BCEW) were also investigated. We studied the effects of the extracts and fractions using the rat paw oedema test induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine or nystatin; the mouse abdominal constriction test; the mouse hot-plate test (only for LCE and BCE); and the mouse formalin test. Both extracts and all BCE fractions displayed anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced oedema model, but not for dextran, histamine or nystatin. Considering the analgesic models, both extracts showed antinociceptive activity, but BCE was more active than LCE in models of central pain. All BCE fractions showed significant inhibition in the abdominal constriction test and in both phases of the formalin test. When BCED was submitted to phytochemical procedures it led to the isolation of six lignans (sesamin, methylpluviatolide, dimethylmatairesinol, piperitol-4′-O-γ,γ-dimethylallyl ether, kaerophyllin and hinokinin), and a triterpene (lupeol). Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and its metabolites may have been involved in the mechanism of action of this plant, considering previous studies reporting the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity for the identified lignans, as well as anti-inflammatory activity for lupeol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Mandalho Lima
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia de Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil
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Gansané A, Sanon S, Ouattara LP, Traoré A, Hutter S, Ollivier E, Azas N, Traore AS, Guissou IP, Sirima SB, Nebié I. Antiplasmodial activity and toxicity of crude extracts from alternatives parts of plants widely used for the treatment of malaria in Burkina Faso: contribution for their preservation. Parasitol Res 2009; 106:335-40. [PMID: 19921259 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to prevent the destruction of the ecology and to sustain the flora mainly for medicinal plants, we investigated on alternative parts taken from four plants already known to display antiplasmodial activities and largely used by traditional healers in sub-Saharan Africa. The evaluated parts are bark of trunk for Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and leaves for Sarcocephalus latifolius instead of roots, and leaves for Combretum molle and Anogeissus leiocarpus instead of stem bark. The antiplasmodial activity of extracts of these plants was evaluated in vitro using the multi-resistant strain (W2) of Plasmodium falciparum. Antiproliferative activity was also assessed, using K562S human monocyte cell lines, along with calculation of the selectivity index (SI) of each extract. The highest in vitro antiplasmodial activity was found in the alkaloid extract of trunk bark from Z. zanthoxyloides and from the MeOH extract of A. leiocarpus leaves (IC(50) = 1.2 microg/mL and 4.9 microg/mL, respectively) with good selectivity index. Moderate activity was found in the MeOH extract (IC(50) = 5.7 microg/mL) and MeOH/H2O extract (IC(50) = 7.9 microg/mL) of C. molle leaves. Moderate activity was also found in the MeOH/H20 extract (IC(50) = 5.2 microg/mL) and the decoction (IC(50) = 8.2 microg/mL) from leaves of A. leiocarpus. No good activity was found with extracts from roots of S. latifolius. All extracts tested displayed low levels of cytotoxicity against K562S cells. The data generated clearly show that the trunk bark for Z. zanthoxyloides and the leaves for A. leiocarpus and C. molle could be used for the treatment of malaria instead of roots and stem bark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adama Gansané
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, 01 POB 2208, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
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Feitosa EMA, Arriaga AMC, Lemos TLG, Lima JQ, Nunes e Vasconcelos J, Oliveira MCF, Santiago GMP, Nascimento RF. Zanthoxylum articulatumEngler (Rutaceae) Essential Oil: Chemical Composition and Larvicidal Activity. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2007.9699311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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