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Cianci S, Arcieri M, Vizzielli G, Martinelli C, Granese R, La Verde M, Fagotti A, Fanfani F, Scambia G, Ercoli A. Robotic Pelvic Exenteration for Gynecologic Malignancies, Anatomic Landmarks, and Surgical Steps: A Systematic Review. Front Surg 2021; 8:790152. [PMID: 34917648 PMCID: PMC8669266 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.790152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic exenteration represents the last resort procedure for patients with advanced primary or recurrent gynecological malignancy. Pelvic exenteration can be divided into different subgroup based on anatomical extension of the procedures. The growing application of the minimally invasive surgical approach unlocked new perspectives for gynecologic oncology surgery. Minimally invasive surgery may offer significant advantages in terms of perioperative outcomes. Since 2009, several Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Pelvic Exenteration experiences have been described in literature. The advent of robotic surgery resulted in a new spur to the worldwide spread of minimally invasive pelvic exenteration. We present a review of the literature on robotic-assisted pelvic exenteration. The search was conducted using electronic databases from inception of each database through June 2021. 13 articles including 53 patients were included in this review. Anterior exenteration was pursued in 42 patients (79.2%), 2 patients underwent posterior exenteration (3.8%), while 9 patients (17%) were subjected to total exenteration. The most common urinary reconstruction was non-continent urinary diversion (90.2%). Among the 11 women who underwent to total or posterior exenteration, 8 (72.7%) received a terminal colostomy. Conversion to laparotomy was required in two cases due to intraoperative vascular injury. Complications' report was available for 51 patients. Fifteen Dindo Grade 2 complications occurred in 11 patients (21.6%), and 14 grade 3 complications were registered in 13 patients (25.5%). Only grade 4 complications were reported (2%). In 88% of women, the resection margins were negative. Pelvic exenteration represents a salvage procedure in patients with recurrent or persistent gynecological cancers often after radiotherapy. A careful patient selection remains the milestone of such a mutilating surgery. The introduction of the minimally invasive approach has led to advantages in terms of perioperative outcomes compared to classic open surgery. This review shows the feasibility of robotic pelvic exenteration. An important step forward should be to investigate the potential equivalence between robotic approaches and the laparotomic one, in terms of long-term oncological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cianci
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "G. Barresi", Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefano Cianci
| | - Martina Arcieri
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological, and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vizzielli
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Canio Martinelli
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "G. Barresi", Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Granese
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological, and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco La Verde
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Fagotti
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fanfani
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ercoli
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "G. Barresi", Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Yang K, Cai L, Yao L, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Wang X, Tang J, Li X, He Z, Zhou L. Laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration for pelvic malignancies: the technique and short-time outcome of 11 cases. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:301. [PMID: 26472147 PMCID: PMC4608103 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports about laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration (LTPE) are still limited. In the present study, we described our single-center experience of the initial 11 cases. METHODS Between April 2011 and September 2015, eight males and three females diagnosed as pelvic malignancies underwent LTPE by the same operation team. We retrospectively collected all cases' parameters about surgical technique. Thirty-seven patients who received open surgery were also retrospectively collected. A comparison between LTPE and open surgery was performed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of LTPE. RESULTS Eleven cases successfully underwent the LTPE without any intraoperative complication. No open conversion was required. Eight patients underwent Bricker's procedure. Three patients were performed with the cutaneous ureterostomy. Anus preservation operation was performed in three patients. Compared with open surgery, LTPE had longer mean operative time (565.2 vs 468.2 min, p = 0.004) but less mean blood loss (547.3 vs 1033.0 ml, p < 0.001) and shorter postoperative hospitalization time (15.3 vs 22.4 days, p = 0.004). One patient died of pulmonary embolism in the 7th month of follow-up time. One patient died of recurrence in the 12th month of follow-up time. Nine patients are still alive without recurrence and metastasis. The mean follow-up time was 11.1 months. CONCLUSIONS The technique of LTPE seems to be feasible and safe in the treatment of carefully selected patients of pelvic malignancies. LTPE can also decrease the blood loss, the recovery time, and the hospital stay. But the oncological safety and long-term outcome of LTPE still need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlin Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of Urology, Peking University, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of Urology, Peking University, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of Urology, Peking University, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of Urology, Peking University, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Cuijian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of Urology, Peking University, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Jianqiang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of Urology, Peking University, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Zhisong He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of Urology, Peking University, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of Urology, Peking University, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Jamkar AV, Puntambekar SP, Kumar S, Sharma V, Joshi S, Mitkare S. Laparoscopic anterior exenteration with intracorporeal uretero-sigmoidostomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015; 22:538-9. [PMID: 25623371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the feasibility of laparoscopic anterior exenteration with intracorporeal ureterosigmoidostomy. DESIGN After Institutional Review Board approval was obtained, patients who had undergone laparoscopic anterior exenteration with intracorporeal ureterosigmoidostomy were analyzed. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-seven patients with advanced cervical carcinoma, stage IV A, since 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. The preoperative workup was done with contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen-pelvis and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Patients were analyzed for operative time, blood loss, and complications. Patient follow-up was done monthly for the first 3 months, every 3 months for 1 year, and then every 6 months for 3 years. Postoperative follow-up was done with PET scans. SETTING Galaxy Care Laparoscopic Institute, Pune, India. INTERVENTIONS Operative steps were as follows: MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The mean operative time was 180 minutes (range, 140-240 minutes), and mean blood loss was 100 mL (range, 50-200 mL), as measured by the amount of blood in the suction machine. The median duration of hospital stay was 4 days (range, 3-7 days). The mean number of lymph nodes retrieved was 12 (range, 9-21). Surgical margins were negative in all patients with a lateral margin >2 cm. Twenty-eight patients had positive lymph nodes. Chemoradiotherapy was given to the patients with positive lymph nodes. Minor leak was present in 11 patients in the immediate postoperative period, for which no active intervention was required. Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis which was seen on biochemical parameter but clinically patient have no manifestation and was treated with sodium bicarbonate. A postoperative PET scan was done at 6 months after the completion of adjuvant therapy in lymph node-positive patients and 6 months after surgery in node-negative patients. CONCLUSION Exenteration has a definitive role in the treatment of advanced cervical cancer. Results have demonstrated the feasibility of this procedure [1-4].
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Jamkar
- Maharashtra University Of Health Sciences, Nasik, Maharashtra, India.
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Martínez A, Filleron T, Vitse L, Querleu D, Mery E, Balague G, Delannes M, Soulie M, Pomel C, Ferron G. Laparoscopic pelvic exenteration for gynaecological malignancy: is there any advantage? Gynecol Oncol 2011; 120:374-9. [PMID: 21215437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pelvic exenteration (PE) remains one of the most mutilating surgical procedures with important postoperative morbidity. Laparoscopic approach has emerged in an attempt to reduce postoperative complications. The aim of the present study was to compare outcomes between laparoscopic pelvic exenteration combined with a vaginal or perineal approach, versus classical approach. METHODS A cohort study was performed by identifying patients who underwent laparoscopic pelvic exenteration, and retrospectively comparing data with open cases from the same period of time, from 2000 to 2008. RESULTS Fourteen patients underwent laparoscopic PE and 29 patients underwent an open exenterative procedure. All patients except one (97.6%) had received prior radiotherapy. Eighteen patients (41.9%) underwent total PE, 17 anterior PE (39.5%), and 8 posterior PE (18.6%). Urinary diversion (UD) technique consisted of 24 Miami pouch (68.6%), 9 Bricker diversion (25.7%), 1 Kock pouch (2.9%), and 1 ureterostomy (2.9%). Most frequent postoperative complications were related to the urinary diversion (45%) and bowel reconstruction (27.9%). Median estimated blood loss for the laparoscopy and laparotomy group was 400 ml (range 200-700 ml) and 875 ml (range 200-1600 ml), respectively. Transfusion rate was also significantly higher in the laparotomy group. Operative time, margin status, length of hospital stay, operative and postoperative morbidity, and disease and overall survival were not significantly different between both groups. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic PE is feasible with curative intent to selected patients. Potential postoperative advantages of laparoscopic approach when compared to classical approach, oncological safety of the procedure, and QOL considerations need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martínez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Claudius Regaud Comprehensive Cancer Center, Toulouse, France
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