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Moreira D, Azeredo A, Dias P. Instruments used for evaluation in substance use disorder: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2082334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moreira
- Centro de Solidariedade de Braga, Projecto Homem, Braga, Portugal
- Observatório Permanente Violência e Crime (OPVC), University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Psychology and Neuropsychology of Porto – IPNP Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Azeredo
- Centro de Solidariedade de Braga, Projecto Homem, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo Dias
- Centro de Solidariedade de Braga, Projecto Homem, Braga, Portugal
- Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies, Braga, Portugal
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Mak CCM, Mao DRH, Siddiqui FJ, Lim A, Davamoni-Thomas J, Tang JP, Bachik R, Ng CWL, Kandasami G, Lee C. A new paradigm in management of frequent attenders to emergency departments with severe alcohol use disorder-A pilot study for assertive community treatment in Singapore. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2022; 2:1029455. [PMID: 36925838 PMCID: PMC10012780 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2022.1029455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A majority of frequent users of emergency medical services in Singapore present with alcohol-related problems. These patients are known to engage poorly with traditional addiction services and frequently attend Emergency Departments (EDs) instead, resulting in high healthcare burden. Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) is an alternative intervention to traditional addiction management. ACT involves community visits with focus on holistic care and harm-reduction. Materials and methods We conducted a prospective before-and-after cohort study at the major tertiary center for addiction disorders in Singapore. The main objective was to evaluate effectiveness of ACT in reducing alcohol-related attendances at EDs nationwide. Socio-demographics, alcohol-related ED attendances, and the Christo Inventory for Substance-misuse Services (CISS) scores were collected for the patients recruited from April 2018 to March 2019. Descriptive analyses and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test were performed. Results All 14 patients were male with a mean age of 55 years. There was a significant 45.3% reduction in average alcohol-related ED attendances from 6.8 (range 3-22, median 5.5) in the pre-intervention 6-month period, to 3.7 (range 0-28, median 1.5) in the post-intervention 6-month period (Z = -2.244, p = 0.025). CISS scores showed significant improvement from a pre-intervention median of 13.5 (range 9-16) to a post-intervention median of 6.5 (range 1-10, p = 0.001), corresponding to reduction in alcohol-related problem severity. Conclusion This pilot study suggests that ACT can be effective in reducing alcohol-related ED attendances and alcohol-related problem severity in patients with AUD who frequently attend ED. A multicenter, prospective study using ACT for such patients across four hospitals in Singapore is currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Chia Meng Mak
- National Addictions Management Service, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Fahad Javaid Siddiqui
- Prehospital and Emergency Care Research Center (PERC), Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alex Lim
- National Addictions Management Service, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayson Davamoni-Thomas
- Population Health & Community Transformation, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - June Peiwen Tang
- Clinical and Forensic Psychology Service, Ministry of Social and Family Development, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rozinah Bachik
- Education Office, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charis Wei Ling Ng
- National Addictions Management Service, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Cheng Lee
- National Addictions Management Service, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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Cooper ZD, Abrams DI. Considering abuse liability and neurocognitive effects of cannabis and cannabis-derived products when assessing analgesic efficacy: a comprehensive review of randomized-controlled studies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 45:580-595. [PMID: 31687845 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1669628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Pain is the most frequent indication for which medical cannabis treatment is sought.Objectives: The clinical potential of cannabis and cannabis-derived products (CDPs) relies on their efficacy to treat an indication and potential adverse effects that impact outcomes, including abuse liability and neurocognitive effects. To ascertain the extent to which these effects impact therapeutic utility, studies investigating cannabis and CDPs for pain were reviewed for analgesic efficacy and assessments of abuse liability and neurocognitive effects.Methods: A comprehensive review of placebo-controlled studies investigating cannabis and CDP analgesia was performed. Methods and findings related to adverse effects, abuse liability, and neurocognitive effects were extracted.Results: Thirty-eight studies were reviewed; 29 assessed cannabis and CDPs for chronic pain, 1 for acute pain, and 8 used experimental pain tests. Most studies ascertained adverse effects through self-report (N = 27). Fewer studies specifically probed abuse liability (N = 7) and cognitive and psychomotor effects (N = 12). Many studies related to chronic and experimental pain (N = 18 and N = 5, respectively) found cannabis and CDPs to reduce pain. Overall, adverse effects were mild to moderate, and dose-related. Studies investigating the impact of cannabis and CDPs on abuse liability and neurocognitive endpoints were mostly limited to inhaled administration and confirmed dose-related effects.Conclusion: Few studies investigating cannabis and CDP analgesia assess abuse liability and cognitive endpoints, adverse effects that impact the long-term clinical utility of these drugs. Future studies should include these measures to optimize research and clinical care related to cannabis-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziva D Cooper
- UCLA Cannabis Research Initiative, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald I Abrams
- Divison of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Luty J, Perry V, Umoh O, Gormer D. Validation and development of a self-report outcome measure (MAP-sc) in opiate addiction. PSYCHIATRIC BULLETIN 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/pb.30.4.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims and MethodTo develop and assess the viability of a self-completion version of the Maudsley Addiction Profile for assessing and monitoring the functioning of opioid-dependent patients. A total of 206 treatment-seeking opioid-dependent patients completed the Maudsley Addiction Profile interview and a self-completion version at a single clinic appointment at a substance misuse facility. Scores from both formats were compared using correlation coefficients.ResultsNon-parametric correlation coefficients between interview and self-completion version for alcohol, drug, psychiatric, family and legal problems correlated in excess of 0.7 for the majority of the 20 items that were compared.Clinical ImplicationsA short, self-administered questionnaire version of the Maudsley Addiction Profile is a feasible alternative to the interview for assessing and monitoring treatment of opioid-dependent patients. The questionnaires were usually completed by clients within 15 min. These would be particularly useful in services with very limited staffing time, such as primary care.
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Alves P, Sales C, Ashworth M. Does outcome measurement of treatment for substance use disorder reflect the personal concerns of patients? A scoping review of measures recommended in Europe. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 179:299-308. [PMID: 28830035 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There are a growing number of authors stating that outcome measurement in treatment for substance use disorders should go beyond substance use and include other bio-psycho-social variables of interest. However, little is known about which topics tend to be covered by outcome measures and whether they reflect the typical concerns of this patient group. This study followed a scoping review methodology in which 42 outcome measures recommended by an EU agency for substance use disorders were reviewed. We identified the domains of problems covered by these 42 measures and then compared them with 54 domains derived from patients, in a previous study. We also explored how similar the existing measures were in terms of domains covered, and which patient derived domains tended to be represented in those measures. We identified 31domains of problems across the 42 measures, with 'substance use' and 'psychological health' among the commonest. Most measures were similar in content to each other and multidimensional. Almost all domains of problems identified in the outcome measures corresponded to concerns reported by patients. On the other hand, we found that several topics of relevance for patients were not covered by any of the measure included in our study. This suggests that existing outcome measurement does not always target aspects that affect patients' lives, as reported directly by patients. Our study shows that outcome measurement needs to adopt a more flexible and comprehensive approach, by taking on board the problems experienced by patients in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Alves
- University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the recent literature (1st January 2014-1st February 2015) on stimulant treatment programme evaluations, and highlight key areas for future programme development. RECENT FINDINGS Advances have been made in addressing both sexual risks and stimulant use among gay and bisexual men in the United States, and in adapting evidence-based resource-intense interventions to real-world settings. Programme outcome measures increasingly include changes in substance use as well as health and wellbeing indicators and measures of risk. SUMMARY Future programme directions include: expansion of the psychosocial repertoire to include narrative and mindfulness-based therapies; web-based programme delivery; sex-sensitive programming to attract and retain women; comprehensive programming to address coexisting mental and physical illness and polysubstance use (including tobacco smoking); and improving accessibility to promote early intervention. Comparability of evaluation data can be improved by developing standardized tools particularly for measuring change in sexual-risk behavior. The use of new statistical techniques can address the lack of comparison populations.
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Holland R, Maskrey V, Swift L, Notley C, Robinson A, Nagar J, Gale T, Kouimtsidis C. Treatment retention, drug use and social functioning outcomes in those receiving 3 months versus 1 month of supervised opioid maintenance treatment. Results from the Super C randomized controlled trial. Addiction 2014; 109:596-607. [PMID: 24304349 DOI: 10.1111/add.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Supervised consumption of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is standard in many drug centres reducing drug diversion, but is costly. We aimed to determine whether supervised consumption of OMT improved retention and other measures of drug use. DESIGN Pragmatic randomized controlled trial comparing 3 months of daily supervised consumption of OMT with 1 month or less of daily supervised OMT, then daily unsupervised consumption. SETTING Four community drug services in the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS A total of 293 opioid-dependent patients entering OMT. PRIMARY OUTCOME retention in treatment at 12 weeks. Secondary: retention at 6 months; illicit drug use [Maudsley Addiction Profile (MAP)]; quality of life (SF-12 and MAP); criminality (MAP); and social functioning. FINDINGS No significant between-group difference was observed for the primary outcome: 69% (100 of 145) supervised and 74% (109 of 148) unsupervised were retained [odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.43-1.27]. Per protocol survival analysis suggested that supervised patients were less well retained (hazard ratio for retention = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51-1.00). Illicit opioid use reduced in both groups and, while not statistically significant by intention-to-treat analysis, favoured unsupervised patients in per protocol analysis (odds of positive opioid screen for supervised versus unsupervised = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.05-4.06). Data on criminal activity also favoured unsupervised patients with 21% supervised patients committing crime versus 9% unsupervised (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.28-8.86). CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of a difference in treatment retention or opioid use rates between patients whose consumption of opioid maintenance treatment was supervised for 3 months daily (except Saturdays) compared with supervision for 1 month. There was some evidence that longer periods of supervised consumption were associated with higher levels of criminality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Holland
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Economic evaluation: a comparison of methadone versus buprenorphine for opiate substitution treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 133:494-501. [PMID: 23962419 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cost of opiate substitution is usually considered lower in cost when methadone is used, as compared to that of buprenorphine, however the overall cost effectiveness of substitution programmes comparing the two drugs remains largely unknown. METHODS We evaluated the treatment cost and effectiveness of methadone and buprenorphine when used in an opiate substitution programme in Norfolk, UK. All programme costs, estimated from the perspective of the drug treatment clinic, were collected on 361 opiate-dependent participants over a six-month period. Total costs comprised medication (methadone or buprenorphine) costs, pharmacy supervision and dispensing costs, and drug service clinic costs. Effectiveness was measured in terms of (1) each programmes ability to retain participants in the programme for six months, and (2) the ability of the programme to accomplish complete abstinence from illicit opiate consumption. RESULTS Overall, mean medication-only costs of methadone were lower than that of buprenorphine, however, pharmacy and clinic costs were lower for the buprenorphine programme. The covariate-adjusted mean total cost of the two programmes was not significantly different. Mean six-month retention rates were higher on the methadone programme, therefore, the methadone programme "dominates" the buprenorphine programme as it was slightly more effective for the same cost. Conversely, when ability to stop taking illicit opiates concomitant with opiate substitution medication was considered, the buprenorphine programme was more effective with an additional cost of £903 per individual who stopped illicit opiate use. CONCLUSIONS The provision of buprenorphine should be considered an appropriate treatment if cessation of illicit opiate use, concomitant with programme retention is considered an important outcome.
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Hughes NR, Houghton N, Nadeem H, Bell J, Mcdonald S, Glynn N, Scarfe C, Mackay B, Rogers A, Walters M, Smith M, Mcdonald A, Dalton D. Salford alcohol assertive outreach team: a new model for reducing alcohol-related admissions. Frontline Gastroenterol 2013; 4:130-134. [PMID: 23502815 PMCID: PMC3595141 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2012-100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol-related admissions are increasing. A significant number of these admissions are attributable to a small number of complex patients with other comorbidities who do not engage well with mainstream services. Assertive outreach teams have been used in the field of psychiatry to engage patients who are poorly compliant. This study examines whether an alcohol assertive outreach team (AAOT) can engage with this group and reduce hospital admissions. DESIGN The AAOT is a multidisciplinary team with medical, psychiatric, substance misuse, psychology, nursing and social work specialists. The team worked with patients with the highest number of alcohol-related admissions and case managed in a community setting for 6 months. The admission and emergency department attendances of the cohort were compared for the 3-month period before and after the intervention. Christo inventory for substance misuse services (CISS) scores were determined pre and post the intervention period. RESULTS 54 patients were case managed. The total number of admissions in 3 months fell from 151 prior to the intervention period to 50 following the intervention. Emergency department attendances also fell from 360 in 3 months to 146 following the intervention period. CISS scores fell from 11 preintervention to eight postintervention. CONCLUSIONS An AAOT model appears to reduce hospital admissions and emergency department attendances in a complex group of patients that display high alcohol-related admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neill R Hughes
- Emergency Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Natalie Houghton
- Alcohol Assertive Outreach Team, Salford Royal NHS FT, Salford, UK
| | - Haitham Nadeem
- Salford Drug and Alcohol Service, Greater Manchester West NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Jackie Bell
- Salford Drug and Alcohol Service, Greater Manchester West NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Suzanne Mcdonald
- Alcohol Assertive Outreach Team, Salford Royal NHS FT, Salford, UK
| | - Noel Glynn
- Salford Drug and Alcohol Service, Greater Manchester West NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | | | - Bev Mackay
- Alcohol Assertive Outreach Team, Salford Royal NHS FT, Salford, UK
| | - Anthony Rogers
- Salford Drug and Alcohol Service, Greater Manchester West NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | | | - Martin Smith
- Emergency Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of mood and withdrawal symptoms in relation to plasma concentrations of methadone in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2012; 32:666-71. [PMID: 22926601 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e3182664ecd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to characterize the relationship between plasma racemic methadone and its enantiomers' concentrations with respect to their pharmacodynamic effects and to investigate the influence of potential covariates on the pharmacodynamic parameters in patients on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Eighty-eight regular subjects at the Sheffield Care Trust Substance Misuse Services were studied. Samples of blood and urine were collected before the daily dose of methadone. Blood samples were taken up to 5 hours after dose. Total plasma concentrations of (RS)-methadone and total and unbound plasma concentrations of both enantiomers were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Total Mood Disturbance Score (TMDS), the Objective Opioid Withdrawal Scale (OOWS), and the Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) were used as measures of mood and withdrawal. Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis and subsequent multiple regression analysis were used to determine the factors influencing the pharmacodynamic effects of methadone. Significant decreases (P ≤ 0.04) were observed in the scores for the TMDS, SOWS, and OOWS for 5 hours after methadone dosage. The TMDS had returned to baseline by 10 hours after dose (P = 0.98), at which time the SOWS remained significantly below baseline (P = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 33% of the overall variation in unbound (R)-methadone EC50 was explained by 3 variables, namely CYP3A activity (9%), age (16%), and sex (8%). Age also accounted for 8% and 9% of the variation in total (rac)- and (R)-methadone EC50. The present study has confirmed that the duration of mood change in the present study was shorter than the effect of methadone in stabilizing withdrawal symptoms. Thus, it is likely that a once-daily dose of methadone, albeit effective for preventing withdrawal, may not be sufficient to improve mood in some patients. Finally, it was established that CYP3A activity, years of dependent use, sex, and age are major determinants of methadone EC50 with respect to TMDS.
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Can a targeted GP-led clinic improve outcomes for street sex workers who use heroin? Br J Gen Pract 2010; 60:514-6. [PMID: 20594441 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp10x514774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Female street sex workers in the UK are often addicted to heroin, and sex work may be a result of the economic drive to fund this addiction. This study looks at outcomes of a primary care drugs treatment intervention for street sex workers who use heroin, using prescribed maintenance treatment with intensive health and psychosocial support. Thirty-four sex workers entered the study and 100% were retained in the study at 1 year. After 1 year, only 33% of participants were still sex workers. Quality of life had improved significantly and heroin use had reduced.
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Uddin M, Maskrey V, Holland R. A study to validate a self-reported version of the ONS drug dependence questionnaire. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/14659890903490781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Pinto H, Maskrey V, Swift L, Rumball D, Wagle A, Holland R. The SUMMIT Trial:. J Subst Abuse Treat 2010; 39:340-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Quercioli C, Messina G, Fini P, Frola C, Nante N. Is it possible to evaluate addiction from clinical records? Testing a retrospective addiction severity evaluation measure. Subst Use Misuse 2010; 45:2045-58. [PMID: 20380557 DOI: 10.3109/10826081003682826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare an addiction severity score estimated from clinical records to addiction severity index (ASI) scores. METHODS During April-May 2004, 31 patients treated in a therapeutic community in the Piedmont region (Italy) were interviewed using the ASI questionnaire and their clinical records were used to obtain severity scores in seven areas: physical health, occupational functioning, alcohol use, drug use, legal problems, family/social relationships, psychological health. Correlation, agreement, and discriminatory capacity of the clinical records score in correctly classifying persons with low or high severity were investigated using Spearman, Kappa coefficient, and receiver operating characteristics curves. CONCLUSIONS Clinical records score showed good correlation, agreement, and discriminatory accuracy with respect to ASI scores, especially in the drug use and legal problems areas. Further research is suggested to study the use of the score in other settings.
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Day E, Best D, Copello A, Young H, Khoosal N, Modern N. Characteristics of drug‐using patients and treatment provided in primary and secondary settings. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14659890701639816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Osorio R, McCusker M, Salazar C. Evaluation of a women-only service for substance misusers. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14659890110110383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pinto H, Rumball D, Maskrey V, Holland R. A pilot study for a randomized controlled and patient preference trial of buprenorphine versus methadone maintenance treatment in the management of opiate dependent patients. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14659890701538810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gu J, Lau JTF, Chen H, Liu Z, Lei Z, Li Z, Lian Z, Wang R, Hu X, Cai H, Wang T. Validation of the Chinese version of the Opiate Addiction Severity Inventory (OASI) and the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) in non-institutionalized heroin users in China. Addict Behav 2008; 33:725-41. [PMID: 18221839 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
No fully validated Chinese instrument measuring severity of drug dependence exists. The Chinese Opiate Addiction Severity Inventory (OASI) and the translated Chinese version of the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) were validated in this study. A total of 178 eligible participants were recruited using snowballing method. The 11-item revised version of OASI (OASI-R) exhibited good reliability (item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.50 to 0.73, Cronbach's alpha was 0.85, test-retest Intra-class Correlation Coefficient was 0.81, p < 0.001). Two factors were identified by principal component method and correlated significantly with the Quality of Life-Drug Addiction (QOL-DA). The 3-item revised version of SDS (SDS-R) was one of the two factors of SDS (item-total correlation coefficients were 0.79 to 0.86, Cronbach's alpha was 0.78, test-retest Intra-class Correlation Coefficient was 0.64, p < 0.001). It correlated significantly with QOL-DA. OASI-R and SDS-R were also significantly correlated with each other and with some heroin-related characteristics. The validation of the Chinese version of OASI-R and SDS-R would facilitate research in different Chinese populations. SDS has been translated to different languages and the Chinese version allows for international comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gu
- Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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The impact of worker values on client outcomes within a drug treatment service. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2008; 19:33-41. [PMID: 18178394 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little attention has been paid to understanding the impact of values, attributes and characteristics of drugs workers on therapeutic relationships and treatment outcomes. Interaction of values with other variables is considered to be of importance since values play a role in determining attitudes and behaviours. This exploratory study investigates the impact of drug workers' personal values on client outcomes within a drug treatment service. METHODS Eight drug workers and 58 clients were recruited at a UK charity working with problematic drug users who are also socially excluded. Drug workers completed a validated questionnaire to elicit their personal values. Client outcomes were assessed using the Christo Inventory for Substance Misuse Services. The relationship between client outcomes and worker values were analysed using Spearman's rank test of association. RESULTS Drug workers prioritising stimulation, self-direction and hedonism value types experienced more positive client outcomes compared with those prioritising security, conformity, benevolence, tradition and universalism types. The value types associated with positive outcomes fall within Schwartz's 'openness to change' superordinate dimension, whereas those related to more negative outcomes fall within the 'conservation' dimension. CONCLUSION The study suggests that drug workers' personal values may have a significant impact upon client outcomes in the treatment of substance misuse. Reasons for this finding are explored, as are limitations of this study and suggestions for future research.
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Outpatient Treatment of Cocaine Dependence With Dexamphetamine. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/01.adt.0000129262.64484.6e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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AYRES RACHEL, INGRAM JENNIFER, GREENWOOD ROSEMARY. An evaluation of outcomes from the relapse avoidance programme at Bristol Drugs Project. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/1465989031000109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Christo G, Silva VA. A Portuguese version of the Christo Inventory for Substance-Misuse Services: a simple outcome evaluation tool. Braz J Med Biol Res 2002; 35:1111-7. [PMID: 12424481 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2002001000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Christo Inventory for Substance-Misuse Services (CISS) is a single page outcome evaluation tool completed by drug alcohol service workers either on the basis of direct client interviews or of personal experience of their client supplemented by existing assessment notes. It was developed to assist substance misuse services to empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of their treatments to their respective funding bodies. Its 0 to 20 unidimensional scale consists of 10 items reflecting clients' problems with social functioning, general health, sexual/injecting risk behavior, psychological functioning, occupation, criminal involvement, drug/alcohol use, ongoing support, compliance, and working relationships. Good reliability and validity has already been demonstrated for the CISS [Christo et al., Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2000; 59: 189-197] but the original was written in English and a Portuguese version is presented here. The present review explores its applicability to a Brazilian setting, summarizes its characteristics and uses, and describes the process of translation to Portuguese. A pilot study conducted in a substance misuse service for adolescents indicated it is likely to be suitable for use among a Brazilian population. The simplicity, flexibility and brevity of the CISS make it a useful tool allowing comparison of clients within and between many different service settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Christo
- Response Drug Service, Camden and Islington Mental Health and Social Care Trust, London, UK.
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