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Huang Y, Shi H, Forgacs D, Ross TM. Flu-COVID combo recombinant protein vaccines elicited protective immune responses against both influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses infection. Vaccine 2024; 42:1184-1192. [PMID: 38296701 PMCID: PMC11157428 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza viruses are both highly transmissible airborne viruses and causing high morbidity and mortality. Co-infection of these two viruses results in severe disease that have been observed when influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses cocirculated in the past three years, and vaccination is still the effective way to prevent these two diseases. However, influenza and COVID-19 vaccines are designed and manufactured in different platforms, all the individuals will need to get two shots in order to prevent those two severe respiratory diseases. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a Flu-COVID combo vaccine to provide an efficient way for receiving immunization against those two diseases. In this study, we developed a flu-COVID combo vaccine that includes both influenza virus haemagglutinin (HA) proteins and SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein which formulated with AddaVax. K18-hACE-2 transgenic mice were intramuscularly vaccinated with either combo vaccine or mono Flu (HA) or COVID (S) recombinant protein vaccine in a prime-boost-boost regimen, and then were challenged with lethal doses of influenza virus or SARS-CoV-2 to evaluate vaccine efficacy. The results showed that Flu-COVID combo vaccine protected mice from both Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 challenge by preventing body weight loss and clinical signs progression. The protective immune responses elicited by Flu-COVID combo vaccine were equivalent to those elicited by mono flu or COVID recombinant protein vaccines. In conclusion, our study highlights the effectiveness of the FLU-COVID combo recombinant protein vaccine in preventing both influenza and COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Hua Shi
- Department of Infection Biology, Lehner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Forgacs
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Department of Infection Biology, Lehner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Ranade D, Jena R, Patil K, Dogar V, Sancheti S, Deore V, Ashtagi S, Gairola S. A novel high throughput plate-based method for 2-PE quantification in novel multidose vaccines (R21 malaria, Covishield and Covovax) and combination vaccines (Hexavalent). Vaccine 2023; 41:1979-1988. [PMID: 36803871 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Multidose presentation of vaccines is the most preferred choice, for mass immunization particularly during pandemics. WHO also recommends multidose containers of fill finished vaccines for programmatic suitability and global immunizations programmes. However, multidose vaccine presentations requires inclusion of preservatives to prevent contaminations. 2-Phenoxy ethanol (2-PE) is one such preservative which is being used in numerous cosmetics and many vaccines recently. Estimation of 2-PE content in multidose vials is a crucial quality control parameter to ensure in use stability of the vaccines. Presently available conventional methods, have their own limitation in terms of being time consuming, requiring sample extraction, large sample volume requirement etc. Therefore, a robust, simple, high-throughput method with a low turnaround time was required, which can quantitate 2-PE content in the conventional combination vaccines as well as new generation complex VLP based vaccines. In order to address this issue, a novel absorbance-based method has been developed. This novel method specifically detects 2-PE content in Matrix M1 adjuvanted R21 malaria vaccine, nano particle and viral vector based covid vaccines and combination vaccines like Hexavalent vaccine. The method has been validated for parameters such as linearity, accuracy and precision. Importantly, this method works even in presence of high amounts of proteins and residual DNA. Considering the advantages associated with method under study, this method can be used as an important in process or release quality parameter to estimate the 2-PE content in various vaccines containing 2-PE in multidose presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyanesh Ranade
- Quality Control Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, 212/2, Soli Poonawalla Rd, JJC Colony, Suryalok Nagari, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028 India
| | - Rajender Jena
- Quality Control Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, 212/2, Soli Poonawalla Rd, JJC Colony, Suryalok Nagari, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028 India
| | - Kundan Patil
- Quality Control Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, 212/2, Soli Poonawalla Rd, JJC Colony, Suryalok Nagari, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028 India
| | - Vikas Dogar
- Quality Control Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, 212/2, Soli Poonawalla Rd, JJC Colony, Suryalok Nagari, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028 India
| | - Shubham Sancheti
- Quality Control Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, 212/2, Soli Poonawalla Rd, JJC Colony, Suryalok Nagari, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028 India
| | - Vicky Deore
- Quality Control Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, 212/2, Soli Poonawalla Rd, JJC Colony, Suryalok Nagari, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028 India
| | - Siddharam Ashtagi
- Quality Control Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, 212/2, Soli Poonawalla Rd, JJC Colony, Suryalok Nagari, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028 India
| | - Sunil Gairola
- Quality Control Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, 212/2, Soli Poonawalla Rd, JJC Colony, Suryalok Nagari, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028 India.
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Al Bashir L, Ismail A, Aljunid SM. Parents' and healthcare professionals' perception toward the introduction of a new fully liquid hexavalent vaccine in the Malaysian national immunization program: a cross-sectional study instrument development and its application. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1052450. [PMID: 37180162 PMCID: PMC10172506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1052450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly developed fully liquid hexavalent vaccine that comprises six antigens for Diphtheria, Tetanus, acellular Pertussis, Inactivated Poliomyelitis, Haemophilus Influenza type b., and Hepatitis B, is proposed to be introduced in the Malaysian national immunization program, instead of the non-fully liquid pentavalent vaccine and monovalent Hepatitis B vaccine that is currently employed in the immunization schedule. Although the introduction of new vaccines is a necessary intervention, it still needs to be accepted by parents and healthcare professionals. Hence, this study aimed to develop three structured questionnaires and to investigate the participants' perception and acceptability toward the incorporation of the new fully liquid hexavalent vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 346 parents, 100 nurses, and 50 physicians attending twenty-two primary health care centers in the states of Selangor and the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya during 2019-2020. The study found that Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the study instruments ranged from 0.825 to 0.918. Principal components analysis produced a good fit with KMO>0.6. For the parents' perception questionnaire, the only extracted factor explained 73.9 % of the total variance; for the nurses' perception toward a non-fully and fully liquid combined vaccine, there was a sole extracted factor that explained 65.2 % and 79.2% of the total variance, respectively. Whereas for the physicians' perception, there was one factor extracted that explains 71.8 % of the total variance. The median score for all the questionnaire items ranged from 4 to 5 (Q1 and Q3 vary between 3-5). Parents' ethnicity was significantly associated (P-value ≤ 0.05) with the perception that the new hexavalent vaccine would reduce their transportation expenses. Moreover, a significant association (P-value ≤ 0.05) was found between physicians' age and the perception of the hexavalent vaccine's ability to decrease patient overcrowding in primary healthcare centers. The instruments used in this study were valid and reliable. Parents of Malay ethnicity were the most concerned about transportation expenses since they have the lowest income and are more concentrated in rural areas compared to other races. Younger physicians were concerned about reducing patient crowding and hence reducing their workload and burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Al Bashir
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aniza Ismail
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Malaysian Health Economic Association (MAHEA), International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, UKM Medical Centre, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Aniza Ismail,
| | - Syed Mohamed Aljunid
- International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Malaysian Health Economic Association (MAHEA), International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, UKM Medical Centre, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
Introduction: Controlling the preventable infectious diseases is the main goal of vaccination. Among the vaccines, combined vaccines are of great importance for their social, public health, and economic values. It is stated that the combined vaccines are as efficient and safe as the monovalent vaccines. However, a concern has raised about the efficacy and safety of the combined vaccines due to the outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases and occurrence of serious adverse events. Areas covered: A retrospective literature search was conducted in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combined vaccines from 1980 to 2020 using appropriate keywords. Expert opinion: Several studies have shown efficacy and safety issues related to the combined vaccines. Different factors contribute to the inefficacy and lack of safety in the vaccines including formulation problems, limited data in the pre-licensure studies and challenges related to imperfection of the post-licensure surveillance systems. For surmounting the mentioned obstacles, there is a need to provide new formulations of the vaccines, revise the vaccines҆ safety and efficacy acceptance standards in the pre-licensure studies, improvement of post-licensure surveillance systems, and education of healthcare staff.
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Dumpa N, Goel K, Guo Y, McFall H, Pillai AR, Shukla A, Repka MA, Murthy SN. Stability of Vaccines. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:42. [PMID: 30610415 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are considered the most economical and effective preventive measure against most deadly infectious diseases. Vaccines help protect around three million lives every year, but hundreds of thousands of lives are lost due to the instability of vaccines. This review discusses the various types of instability observed, while manufacturing, storing, and distributing vaccines. It describes the specific stability problems associated with each type of vaccine. This review also discusses the various measures adopted to overcome these instability problems. Vaccines are classified based on their components, and this review discusses how these preventive measures relate to each type of vaccine. This review also includes certain case studies that illustrate various approaches to improve vaccine stability. Last, this review provides insight on prospective methods for developing more stable vaccines.
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Bortolatto J, Mirotti L, Rodriguez D, Gomes E, Russo M. Adsorption of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Agonist to Alum-Based Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine Dampens Pro-T Helper 2 Activities and Enhances Antibody Responses. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:280238. [PMID: 26380316 PMCID: PMC4562177 DOI: 10.1155/2015/280238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum salts gels (alum) are TLR-independent adjuvants and have been used to boost antibody responses in alum-based vaccines such as diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus toxoid (DPT) triple vaccine. However, the pro-Th2 activity of alum-based vaccine formulations has not been fully appreciated. Here we found that alum-based tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine was biased toward a Th-2 profile as shown by TT-induced airway eosinophilic inflammation, type 2 cytokine production, and high levels of IgE anaphylactic antibodies. The adsorption into alum of prototypic TLR4 agonists such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli consistently dampened TT-induced Th2 activities without inducing IFNγ or Th1-like responses in the lung. Conversely, adsorption of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) extracted from Salmonella minnesota, which is a TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β- (TRIF-) biased TLR4 agonist, was less effective in decreasing Th-2 responses. Importantly, in a situation with antigenic competition (OVA plus TT), TT-specific IgG1 or IgG2a was decreased compared with TT sensitization. Notably, LPS increased the production of IgG1 and IgG2a TT-specific antibodies. In conclusion, the addition of LPS induces a more robust IgG1 and IgG2a TT-specific antibody production and concomitantly decreases Th2-cellular and humoral responses, indicating a potential use of alum/TLR-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bortolatto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mirotti
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dunia Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane Gomes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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