1
|
Multiplexed Digital Detection of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Fusion Transcripts Using the NanoString nCounter System. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
2
|
Ragusa D, Makarov EM, Britten O, Moralli D, Green CM, Tosi S. The RS4;11 cell line as a model for leukaemia with t(4;11)(q21;q23): Revised characterisation of cytogenetic features. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019; 2:e1207. [PMID: 32721124 PMCID: PMC7941496 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haematological malignancies harbouring rearrangements of the KMT2A gene represent a unique subtype of leukaemia, with biphenotypic clinical manifestations, a rapid and aggressive onset, and a generally poor prognosis. Chromosomal translocations involving KMT2A often cause the formation of oncogenic fusion genes, such as the most common translocation t(4;11)(q21;q23) producing the KMT2A-AFF1 chimera. AIM The aim of this study was to confirm and review the cytogenetic and molecular features of the KMT2A-rearranged RS4;11 cell line and put those in context with other reports of cell lines also harbouring a t(4;11) rearrangement. METHODS AND RESULTS The main chromosomal rearrangements t(4;11)(q21;q23) and i(7q), described when the cell line was first established, were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and 24-colour karyotyping by M-FISH. Additional cytogenetic abnormalities were investigated by further FISH experiments, including the presence of trisomy 18 as a clonal abnormality and the discovery of one chromosome 8 being an i(8q), which indicates a duplication of the oncogene MYC. A homozygous deletion of 9p21 containing the tumour-suppressor genes CDKN2A and CDKN2B was also revealed by FISH. The production of the fusion transcript KMT2A-AFF1 arising from the der(11)t(4;11) was confirmed by RT-PCR, but sequencing of the amplified fragment revealed the presence of multiple isoforms. Two transcript variants, resulting from alternative splicing, were identified differing in one glutamine residue in the translated protein. CONCLUSION As karyotype evolution is a common issue in cell lines, we highlight the need to monitor cell lines in order to re-confirm their characteristics over time. We also reviewed the literature to provide a comparison of key features of several cell lines harbouring a t(4;11). This would guide scientists in selecting the most suitable research model for this particular type of KMT2A-leukaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Ragusa
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Evgeny M Makarov
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.,Genome Engineering and Maintenance Network, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Oliver Britten
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Chromosome Dynamics, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine M Green
- Chromosome Dynamics, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sabrina Tosi
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.,Genome Engineering and Maintenance Network, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
LIN J, HAN LX, QIAN J, WANG YL, YAO DM, QIAN Z, YANG XF, SHENG XJ. Expression patterns of specific promyelocytic/retinoic acid receptor-α transcripts in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2010; 32:344-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2009.01190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
4
|
Peterson LF, Boyapati A, Ahn EY, Biggs JR, Okumura AJ, Lo MC, Yan M, Zhang DE. Acute myeloid leukemia with the 8q22;21q22 translocation: secondary mutational events and alternative t(8;21) transcripts. Blood 2007; 110:799-805. [PMID: 17412887 PMCID: PMC1924771 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-11-019265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonrandom and somatically acquired chromosomal translocations can be identified in nearly 50% of human acute myeloid leukemias. One common chromosomal translocation in this disease is the 8q22;21q22 translocation. It involves the AML1 (RUNX1) gene on chromosome 21 and the ETO (MTG8, RUNX1T1) gene on chromosome 8 generating the AML1-ETO fusion proteins. In this review, we survey recent advances made involving secondary mutational events and alternative t(8;21) transcripts in relation to understanding AML1-ETO leukemogenesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/metabolism
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/biosynthesis
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Transcription, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke F Peterson
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Strehl S, König M, Meyer C, Schneider B, Harbott J, Jäger U, von Bergh ARM, Loncarevic IF, Jarosova M, Schmidt HH, Moore SDP, Marschalek R, Haas OA. Molecular dissection of t(11;17) in acute myeloid leukemia reveals a variety of gene fusions with heterogeneous fusion transcripts and multiple splice variants. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006; 45:1041-9. [PMID: 16897742 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of translocations that involve the long arms of chromosomes 11 and 17 in acute myeloid leukemia appear identical on the cytogenetic level. Nevertheless, they are diverse on the molecular level. At present, two genes are known in 11q23 and four in 17q12-25 that generate five distinct fusion genes: MLL-MLLT6/AF17, MLL-LASP1, MLL-ACACA or MLL-SEPT9/MSF, and ZBTB16/PLZF-RARA. We analyzed 14 cases with a t(11;17) by fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular genetic techniques and determined the molecular characteristics of their fusion genes. We identified six different gene fusions that comprised seven cases with a MLL-MLLT6/AF17, three with a MLL-SEPT9/MSF, and one each with MLL-LASP1, MLL-ACACA, and ZBTB16/PLZF-RARA fusions. In the remaining case, a MLL-SEPT6/Xq24 fusion suggested a complex rearrangement. The MLL-MLLT6/AF17 transcripts were extremely heterogeneous and the detection of seven different in-frame transcript and splice variants enabled us to predict the protein domains relevant for leukemogenesis. The putative MLL-MLLT6 consensus chimeric protein consists of the AT-hook DNA-binding, the methyltransferase, and the CXXC zinc-finger domains of MLL and the highly conserved octapeptide and the leucine-zipper dimerization motifs of MLLT6. The MLL-SEPT9 transcripts showed a similar high degree of variability. These analyses prove that the diverse types of t(11;17)-associated fusion genes can be reliably identified and delineated with a proper combination of cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques. The heterogeneity of transcripts encountered in cases with MLL-MLLT6/AF17 and MLL-SEPT9/MSF fusions clearly demonstrates that thorough attention has to be paid to the appropriate selection of primers to cover all these hitherto unrecognized fusion variants.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Alternative Splicing
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Infant
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Strehl
- CCRI, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Kinderspitalgasse 6, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Attarbaschi A, Mann G, König M, Steiner M, Strehl S, Schreiberhuber A, Schneider B, Meyer C, Marschalek R, Borkhardt A, Pickl WF, Lion T, Gadner H, Haas OA, Dworzak MN. Mixed lineage leukemia-rearranged childhood pro-B and CD10-negative pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia constitute a distinct clinical entity. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:2988-94. [PMID: 16707593 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) abnormalities occur in approximately 50% of childhood pro-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the incidence and type of MLL rearrangements have not been determined in common ALL (cALL) and CD10+ or CD10- pre-B ALL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To address this question, we analyzed 29 patients with pro-B ALL, 11 patients with CD10- pre-B ALL, 23 pre-B, and 26 cALL patients with CD10 on 20% to 80%, as well as 136 pre-B and 143 cALL patients with CD10 > or = 80% of blasts. They were all enrolled in four Austrian ALL multicenter trials. Conventional cytogenetics were done to detect 11q23 abnormalities and in parallel the potential involvement of the MLL gene was evaluated with a split apart fluorescence in situ hybridization probe set. RESULTS We found that 15 of 29 pro-B ALL, 7 of 11 CD10- pre-B ALL, and 1 of 2 French-American-British classification L1 mature B-cell leukemia cases had a MLL rearrangement. However, no 11q23/MLL translocation was identified among the CD10+ pre-B and cALL patients. MLL-rearranged pro-B and CD10- pre-B ALL cases had similar clinical and immunophenotypic (coexpression of CDw65 and CD15) features at initial diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The striking similarities between the two CD10- ALL subsets imply that CD10- pre-B ALL variants may represent pro-B ALL cases that maintained the propensity to rearrange and express their immunoglobulin heavy chain rather than actual pre-B ALL forms transformed at this later stage of B-cell differentiation. However, direct experimental data are needed to confirm this observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andishe Attarbaschi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hayne CC, Winer E, Williams T, Chaves F, Khorsand J, Mark HFL. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with 4;11 translocation analyzed by a multi-modal strategy of conventional cytogenetics, FISH, morphology, flow cytometry and molecular genetics, and review of the literature. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 81:62-71. [PMID: 16765346 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2006] [Revised: 04/09/2006] [Accepted: 04/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a 4;11 translocation. Metaphase cells and interphase nuclei derived from a routine unstimulated culture of bone marrow were analyzed using a combined strategy of G-banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in addition to hematopathological analysis, flow cytometry, and molecular genetics. This multimodal approach enables a successful correlation of pathology and cytogenetics to support a comprehensive diagnosis of the patient. Meaningful prognostication and appropriate therapeutic considerations are possible only when accurate diagnostic information is given. We further search and review the literature for the most up-to-date information currently available for this subtype of ALL in the constantly evolving field of molecular cytogenetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C Hayne
- Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, Suite 408, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Steudel C, Wermke M, Schaich M, Schäkel U, Illmer T, Ehninger G, Thiede C. Comparative analysis of MLL partial tandem duplication and FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations in 956 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2003; 37:237-51. [PMID: 12759922 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial tandem duplication (PTD) of the MLL gene and internal tandem duplication (ITD) of the juxtamembrane region of the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase gene have been described in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, preferentially in those with normal cytogenetics. These alterations have been associated with a poor prognosis. In our study, we analyzed the prevalence and the potential prognostic impact of these aberrations in a large unselected and well-defined cohort of 956 patients with AML. Results were correlated with cytogenetic data and clinical outcome. MLL PTD was detected by RT-PCR, subsequent nucleotide sequencing, and Southern blotting. The overall incidence was found to be 5.0% (48/956), whereas FLT3 ITD was detected in 19.2% (184/956). Sixteen cases were positive for both alterations. The rate of MLL PTD in FLT3 ITD positive patients was significantly higher than that in FLT3 ITD negative patients [16/184 (8.7%); 32/772 (4.1%); P = 0.025]. However, both aberrations were highly increased in patients with normal karyotype (MLL PTD 35/431, P = 0.004; FLT3 ITD 132/334, P < 0.001). When restricted to this subgroup, the rate of MLL PTD in patients with FLT3 mutations was not significantly increased. No statistically significant differences were detected between patients positive for MLL PTD and patients negative for MLL PTD in the rate of complete remissions or the overall survival, although we did see a significantly shorter disease-free survival in patients age 60 or younger. In conclusion, although there is an overlap in the mutational spectrum in AML with FLT3 ITD and MLL PTD mutations, our data do not support a common mechanistic basis. Although associated with inferior disease-free survival, the results of this study do not unequivocally support the notion that MLL PTD mutations represent an independent prognostic factor.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/drug therapy
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/epidemiology
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/genetics
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/therapy
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cohort Studies
- Cytogenetic Analysis/methods
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Gene Duplication
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Incidence
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Tandem Repeat Sequences/genetics
- Transcription Factors
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Steudel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Custav Carus der Technischen Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chinwalla V, Chien A, Odero M, Neilly MB, Zeleznik-Le NJ, Rowley JD. A t(11;15) fuses MLL to two different genes, AF15q14 and a novel gene MPFYVE on chromosome 15. Oncogene 2003; 22:1400-10. [PMID: 12618766 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mixed lineage leukemia gene (MLL, also known as HRX, ALL-1 and Htrx) located at 11q23 is involved in translocations with over 40 different chromosomal bands in a variety of leukemia subtypes. Here we report our analysis of a rare but recurring translocation, t(11;15)(q23;q14). This translocation has been described in a small subset of cases with both acute myeloblastic leukemia and ALL. Recent studies have shown that MLL is fused to AF15q14 in the t(11;15). Here we analyse a sample from another patient with this translocation and confirm the presence of an MLL-AF15q14 fusion. However, we have also identified and cloned another fusion transcript from the same patient sample. In this fusion transcript, MLL is fused to a novel gene, MLL partner containing FYVE domain (MPFYVE). Both MLL-AF15q14 and MLL-MPFYVE are in-frame fusion transcripts with the potential to code for novel fusion proteins. MPFYVE is also located on chromosome 15, approximately 170 kb telomeric to AF15q14. MPFYVE contains a highly conserved motif, the FYVE domain which, in other proteins, has been shown to bind to phosphotidyl-inositol-3 phosphate (PtdIns(3)P). The MLL-MPFYVE fusion may be functionally important in the leukemia process in at least some patients containing this translocation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Child
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/ultrastructure
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Expressed Sequence Tags
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Oncogene Proteins
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Proteins/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Chinwalla
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Van Limbergen H, Poppe B, Janssens A, De Bock R, De Paepe A, Noens L, Speleman F. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of 10;11 rearrangements in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2002; 16:344-51. [PMID: 11896537 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2001] [Accepted: 11/22/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
MLLT10 (previously called AF10) is a moderately common MLL fusion partner predominantly occurring in acute monoblastic leukemia (AML-M5). 10;11 rearrangements require at least three breaks in order to generate an in-frame MLL-MLLT10 fusion as a result of the opposite orientations of both genes on the respective chromosome arms. In this study, we describe a detailed molecular cytogenetic analysis of MLL-MLLT10 positive 10;11 rearrangements in two patients. We observed an as yet unreported chromosomal mechanism with at least four breakpoints, leading to MLL-MLLT10 gene fusion in a 24-year-old male. An inversion of 11q13-q23 with a breakpoint in the MLL gene was followed by an additional break 3' of MLL prior to insertion of the 11q segment into MLLT10. In a second patient, a 37-year-old male with AML-M5b, molecular cytogenetic analysis of an apparent 10;11 reciprocal translocation showed an intrachromosomal inversion of 3'MLLT10followed by a reciprocal translocation between 10p12 and 11q23. Review of the literature showed that all cases were the result of an inversion of either 10p or 11q followed by translocation 10p;11q or insertion of the inverted segment into MLLT10 or MLL.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adult
- Aged
- Artificial Gene Fusion
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Van Limbergen
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|