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Characterization of gonad differentially expressed SoxB2 genes in mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Gene 2020; 740:144507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lin J, Yuan Y, Shi X, Fang S, Zhang Y, Guan M, Xie Z, Ma H, Lin F. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression profiles of a SoxB2 gene related to gonadal development in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2020.1726515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lin
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yuying Yuan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xi Shi
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shaobin Fang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Mengyun Guan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhuofang Xie
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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Janssen R, Andersson E, Betnér E, Bijl S, Fowler W, Höök L, Leyhr J, Mannelqvist A, Panara V, Smith K, Tiemann S. Embryonic expression patterns and phylogenetic analysis of panarthropod sox genes: insight into nervous system development, segmentation and gonadogenesis. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:88. [PMID: 29884143 PMCID: PMC5994082 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sox (Sry-related high-mobility-group box) genes represent important factors in animal development. Relatively little, however, is known about the embryonic expression patterns and thus possible function(s) of Sox genes during ontogenesis in panarthropods (Arthropoda+Tardigrada+Onychophora). To date, studies have been restricted exclusively to higher insects, including the model system Drosophila melanogaster, with no comprehensive data available for any other arthropod group, or any tardigrade or onychophoran. RESULTS This study provides a phylogenetic analysis of panarthropod Sox genes and presents the first comprehensive analysis of embryonic expression patterns in the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Hexapoda), the pill millipede Glomeris marginata (Myriapoda), and the velvet worm, Euperipatoides kanangrensis (Onychophora). 24 Sox genes were identified and investigated: 7 in Euperipatoides, 8 in Glomeris, and 9 in Tribolium. Each species possesses at least one ortholog of each of the five expected Sox gene families, B, C, D, E, and F, many of which are differentially expressed during ontogenesis. CONCLUSION Sox gene expression (and potentially function) is highly conserved in arthropods and their closest relatives, the onychophorans. Sox B, C and D class genes appear to be crucial for nervous system development, while the Sox B genes Dichaete (D) and Sox21b likely play an additional conserved role in panarthropod segmentation. The Sox B gene Sox21a likely has a conserved function in foregut and Malpighian tubule development, at least in Hexapoda. The data further suggest that Sox D and E genes are involved in mesoderm differentiation, and that Sox E genes are involved in gonadal development. The new data expand our knowledge about the expression and implied function of Sox genes to Mandibulata (Myriapoda+Pancrustacea) and Panarthropoda (Arthropoda+Onychophora).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Janssen
- Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emil Andersson
- Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ellinor Betnér
- Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sifra Bijl
- Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Will Fowler
- Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Höök
- Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jake Leyhr
- Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Mannelqvist
- Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Virginia Panara
- Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kate Smith
- Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sydney Tiemann
- Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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Can the ‘neuron theory’ be complemented by a universal mechanism for generic neuronal differentiation. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:343-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tian C, Shi H, Colledge C, Stern M, Waterston R, Liu J. The C. elegans SoxC protein SEM-2 opposes differentiation factors to promote a proliferative blast cell fate in the postembryonic mesoderm. Development 2011; 138:1033-43. [PMID: 21307099 DOI: 10.1242/dev.062240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The proper development of multicellular organisms requires precise regulation and coordination of cell fate specification, cell proliferation and differentiation. Abnormal regulation and coordination of these processes could lead to disease, including cancer. We have examined the function of the sole C. elegans SoxC protein, SEM-2, in the M lineage, which produces the postembryonic mesoderm. We found that SEM-2/SoxC is both necessary and sufficient to promote a proliferating blast cell fate, the sex myoblast fate, over a differentiated striated bodywall muscle fate. A number of factors control the specific expression of sem-2 in the sex myoblast precursors and their descendants. This includes direct control of sem-2 expression by a Hox-PBC complex. The crucial nature of the HOX/PBC factors in directly enhancing expression of this proliferative factor in the C. elegans M lineage suggests a possible more general link between Hox-PBC factors and SoxC proteins in regulating cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Tian
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Ritter AR, Beckstead RB. Sox14 is required for transcriptional and developmental responses to 20-hydroxyecdysone at the onset of drosophila metamorphosis. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:2685-94. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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A genetic pathway composed of Sox14 and Mical governs severing of dendrites during pruning. Nat Neurosci 2009; 12:1497-505. [PMID: 19881505 PMCID: PMC3101876 DOI: 10.1038/nn.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pruning that selectively eliminates neuronal processes is crucial for the refinement of neural circuits during development. In Drosophila, the class IV dendritic arborization neuron (ddaC) undergoes pruning to remove its larval dendrites during metamorphosis. We identified Sox14 as a transcription factor that was necessary and sufficient to mediate dendrite severing during pruning in response to ecdysone signaling. We found that Sox14 mediated dendrite pruning by directly regulating the expression of the target gene mical. mical Encodes a large cytosolic protein with multiple domains that are known to associate with cytoskeletal components. mical Mutants had marked severing defects during dendrite pruning that were similar to those of sox14 mutants. Overexpression of Mical could significantly rescue pruning defects in sox14 mutants, suggesting that Mical is a major downstream target of Sox14 during pruning. Thus, our findings indicate that a previously unknown pathway composed of Sox14 and its cytoskeletal target Mical governs dendrite severing.
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Chittaranjan S, McConechy M, Hou YCC, Freeman JD, DeVorkin L, Gorski SM. Steroid hormone control of cell death and cell survival: molecular insights using RNAi. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000379. [PMID: 19214204 PMCID: PMC2632862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The insect steroid hormone ecdysone triggers programmed cell death of obsolete larval tissues during metamorphosis and provides a model system for understanding steroid hormone control of cell death and cell survival. Previous genome-wide expression studies of Drosophila larval salivary glands resulted in the identification of many genes associated with ecdysone-induced cell death and cell survival, but functional verification was lacking. In this study, we test functionally 460 of these genes using RNA interference in ecdysone-treated Drosophila l(2)mbn cells. Cell viability, cell morphology, cell proliferation, and apoptosis assays confirmed the effects of known genes and additionally resulted in the identification of six new pro-death related genes, including sorting nexin-like gene SH3PX1 and Sox box protein Sox14, and 18 new pro-survival genes. Identified genes were further characterized to determine their ecdysone dependency and potential function in cell death regulation. We found that the pro-survival function of five genes (Ras85D, Cp1, CG13784, CG32016, and CG33087), was dependent on ecdysone signaling. The TUNEL assay revealed an additional two genes (Kap-alpha3 and Smr) with an ecdysone-dependent cell survival function that was associated with reduced cell death. In vitro, Sox14 RNAi reduced the percentage of TUNEL-positive l(2)mbn cells (p<0.05) following ecdysone treatment, and Sox14 overexpression was sufficient to induce apoptosis. In vivo analyses of Sox14-RNAi animals revealed multiple phenotypes characteristic of aberrant or reduced ecdysone signaling, including defects in larval midgut and salivary gland destruction. These studies identify Sox14 as a positive regulator of ecdysone-mediated cell death and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the ecdysone signaling network governing cell death and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa McConechy
- The Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ying-Chen Claire Hou
- The Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J. Douglas Freeman
- The Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lindsay DeVorkin
- The Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sharon M. Gorski
- The Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Wilson MJ, Dearden PK. Evolution of the insect Sox genes. BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:120. [PMID: 18439299 PMCID: PMC2386450 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sox gene family of transcriptional regulators have essential roles during development and have been extensively studied in vertebrates. The mouse, human and fugu genomes contain at least 20 Sox genes, which are subdivided into groups based on sequence similarity of the highly conserved HMG domain. In the well-studied insect Drosophila melanogaster, eight Sox genes have been identified and are involved in processes such as neurogenesis, dorsal-ventral patterning and segmentation. RESULTS We examined the available genome sequences of Apis mellifera, Nasonia vitripennis, Tribolium castaneum, Anopheles gambiae and identified Sox family members which were classified by phylogenetics using the HMG domains. Using in situ hybridisation we determined the expression patterns of eight honeybee Sox genes in honeybee embryo, adult brain and queen ovary. AmSoxB group genes were expressed in the nervous system, brain and Malphigian tubules. The restricted localization of AmSox21b and AmSoxB1 mRNAs within the oocyte, suggested a role in, or that they are regulated by, dorsal-ventral patterning. AmSoxC, D and F were expressed ubiquitously in late embryos and in the follicle cells of the queen ovary. Expression of AmSoxF and two AmSoxE genes was detected in the drone testis. CONCLUSION Insect genomes contain between eight and nine Sox genes, with at least four members belonging to Sox group B and other Sox subgroups each being represented by a single Sox gene. Hymenopteran insects have an additional SoxE gene, which may have arisen by gene duplication. Expression analyses of honeybee SoxB genes implies that this group of genes may be able to rapidly evolve new functions and expression domains, while the combined expression pattern of all the SoxB genes is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Wilson
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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