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Han H, McGivney BA, Allen L, Bai D, Corduff LR, Davaakhuu G, Davaasambuu J, Dorjgotov D, Hall TJ, Hemmings AJ, Holtby AR, Jambal T, Jargalsaikhan B, Jargalsaikhan U, Kadri NK, MacHugh DE, Pausch H, Readhead C, Warburton D, Dugarjaviin M, Hill EW. Common protein-coding variants influence the racing phenotype in galloping racehorse breeds. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1320. [PMID: 36513809 PMCID: PMC9748125 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for system-wide morphological, physiological, and metabolic adaptations has led to extreme athletic phenotypes among geographically diverse horse breeds. Here, we identify genes contributing to exercise adaptation in racehorses by applying genomics approaches for racing performance, an end-point athletic phenotype. Using an integrative genomics strategy to first combine population genomics results with skeletal muscle exercise and training transcriptomic data, followed by whole-genome resequencing of Asian horses, we identify protein-coding variants in genes of interest in galloping racehorse breeds (Arabian, Mongolian and Thoroughbred). A core set of genes, G6PC2, HDAC9, KTN1, MYLK2, NTM, SLC16A1 and SYNDIG1, with central roles in muscle, metabolism, and neurobiology, are key drivers of the racing phenotype. Although racing potential is a multifactorial trait, the genomic architecture shaping the common athletic phenotype in horse populations bred for racing provides evidence for the influence of protein-coding variants in fundamental exercise-relevant genes. Variation in these genes may therefore be exploited for genetic improvement of horse populations towards specific types of racing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haige Han
- grid.411638.90000 0004 1756 9607Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Beatrice A. McGivney
- grid.496984.ePlusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, A96 W5T3 Ireland
| | - Lucy Allen
- grid.417905.e0000 0001 2186 5933Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, Gloucestershire GL7 6JS UK
| | - Dongyi Bai
- grid.411638.90000 0004 1756 9607Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Leanne R. Corduff
- grid.496984.ePlusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, A96 W5T3 Ireland
| | - Gantulga Davaakhuu
- grid.425564.40000 0004 0587 3863Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Peace Avenue 54B, Ulaanbaatar, 13330 Mongolia
| | - Jargalsaikhan Davaasambuu
- Ajnai Sharga Horse Racing Team, Encanto Town 210-11, Ikh Mongol State Street, 26th Khoroo, Bayanzurkh district Ulaanbaatar, 13312 Mongolia
| | - Dulguun Dorjgotov
- grid.440461.30000 0001 2191 7895School of Industrial Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, 661 Mongolia
| | - Thomas J. Hall
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8 Ireland
| | - Andrew J. Hemmings
- grid.417905.e0000 0001 2186 5933Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, Gloucestershire GL7 6JS UK
| | - Amy R. Holtby
- grid.496984.ePlusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, A96 W5T3 Ireland
| | - Tuyatsetseg Jambal
- grid.440461.30000 0001 2191 7895School of Industrial Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, 661 Mongolia
| | - Badarch Jargalsaikhan
- grid.444534.60000 0000 8485 883XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 14210 Mongolia
| | - Uyasakh Jargalsaikhan
- Ajnai Sharga Horse Racing Team, Encanto Town 210-11, Ikh Mongol State Street, 26th Khoroo, Bayanzurkh district Ulaanbaatar, 13312 Mongolia
| | - Naveen K. Kadri
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Animal Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David E. MacHugh
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8 Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8 Ireland
| | - Hubert Pausch
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Animal Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carol Readhead
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - David Warburton
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA
| | - Manglai Dugarjaviin
- grid.411638.90000 0004 1756 9607Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Emmeline W. Hill
- grid.496984.ePlusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, A96 W5T3 Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8 Ireland
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2
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Hu H, Zhang R, Ma Y, Luo Y, Pan Y, Xu J, Jiang L, Wang D. Prenatal Diagnosis and Genetic Analysis of 21q21.1-q21.2 Aberrations in Seven Chinese Pedigrees. Front Genet 2022; 12:731815. [PMID: 34992628 PMCID: PMC8724545 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.731815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chromosomal aberrations contribute to human phenotypic diversity and disease susceptibility, but it is difficult to assess their pathogenic effects in the clinic. Therefore, it is of great value to report new cases of chromosomal aberrations associated with normal phenotypes or clinical abnormalities. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of seven pedigrees that carried 21q21.1–q21.2 aberrations. G-banding and single-nucleotide polymorphism array techniques were used to analyze chromosomal karyotypes and copy number variations in the fetuses and their family members. Results: All fetuses and their family members showed normal karyotypes in seven pedigrees. Here, it was revealed that six fetuses carried maternally inherited 21q21.1–q21.2 duplications, ranging from 1 to 2.7 Mb, but none of the mothers had an abnormal phenotype. In one fetus, an 8.7 Mb deletion of 21q21.1–q21.2 was found. An analysis of the pedigree showed that the deletion was also observed in the mother, brother, and maternal grandmother, but no abnormal phenotypes were found. Conclusion: This study identified 21q21.1–q21.2 aberrations in Chinese pedigrees. The carriers of 21q21.1–q21.2 duplications had no clinical consequences based on their phenotypes, and the 21q21.1–q21.2 deletion was transmitted through three generations of normal individuals. This provides benign clinical evidence for pathogenic assessment of 21q21.1–q21.2 duplication and deletion, which was considered a variant of uncertain significance and a likely pathogenic variant in previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyi Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanmei Luo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Juchun Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lupin Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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3
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Oprişoreanu AM, Smith HL, Krix S, Chaytow H, Carragher NO, Gillingwater TH, Becker CG, Becker T. Automated in vivo drug screen in zebrafish identifies synapse-stabilising drugs with relevance to spinal muscular atrophy. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:259422. [PMID: 33973627 PMCID: PMC8106959 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are particularly vulnerable in many neurodegenerative diseases and often the first to degenerate, for example in the motor neuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Compounds that can counteract synaptic destabilisation are rare. Here, we describe an automated screening paradigm in zebrafish for small-molecule compounds that stabilize the neuromuscular synapse in vivo. We make use of a mutant for the axonal C-type lectin chondrolectin (chodl), one of the main genes dysregulated in SMA. In chodl-/- mutants, neuromuscular synapses that are formed at the first synaptic site by growing axons are not fully mature, causing axons to stall, thereby impeding further axon growth beyond that synaptic site. This makes axon length a convenient read-out for synapse stability. We screened 982 small-molecule compounds in chodl chodl-/- mutants and found four that strongly rescued motor axon length. Aberrant presynaptic neuromuscular synapse morphology was also corrected. The most-effective compound, the adenosine uptake inhibitor drug dipyridamole, also rescued axon growth defects in the UBA1-dependent zebrafish model of SMA. Hence, we describe an automated screening pipeline that can detect compounds with relevance to SMA. This versatile platform can be used for drug and genetic screens, with wider relevance to synapse formation and stabilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Oprişoreanu
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB
| | - Hannah L Smith
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB
| | - Sophia Krix
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB
| | - Helena Chaytow
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas H Gillingwater
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catherina G Becker
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Becker
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB
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Zsolnai A, Kovács A, Kaltenecker E, Anton I. Identification of markers associated with estimated breeding value and horn colour in Hungarian Grey cattle. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:482-488. [PMID: 32777913 PMCID: PMC7961288 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to estimate effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on the estimated breeding value of Hungarian Grey (HG) bulls and to find markers associated with horn colour. METHODS Genotypes 136 HG animals were determined on Geneseek high-density Bovine SNP 150K BeadChip. A multi-locus mixed-model was applied for statistical analyses. RESULTS Six SNPs were identified to be associated (-log10P>10) with green and white horn. These loci are located on chromosome 1, 3, 9, 18, and 25. Seven loci (on chromosome 1, 3, 6, 9, 10, 28) showed considerable association (-log10P>10) with the estimated breeding value. CONCLUSION Analysis provides markers for further research of horn colour and supplies markers to achieve more effective selection work regarding estimated breeding value of HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Zsolnai
- NAIK-Research Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Meat Science, Gesztenyés u. 1., 2053 Herceghalom, Hungary
| | - András Kovács
- NAIK-Research Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Meat Science, Gesztenyés u. 1., 2053 Herceghalom, Hungary
| | - Endre Kaltenecker
- Association of Hungarian Grey Cattle Breeders, Lőportár u. 16.,1134 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Anton
- NAIK-Research Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Meat Science, Gesztenyés u. 1., 2053 Herceghalom, Hungary
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5
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Zhang X, Wu K, Huang Y, Xu L, Li X, Zhang N. Promoter Hypermethylation of CHODL Contributes to Carcinogenesis and Indicates Poor Survival in Patients with Early-stage Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:2874-2886. [PMID: 32226505 PMCID: PMC7086254 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Aberrant hypermethylation of CpG islands is an important hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). We previously utilized methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation assays to identify a novel methylated gene, chondrolectin (CHODL), preferentially methylated in human CRC. In this study, we examined the epigenetic inactivation, biological effects and prognostic significance of CHODL in CRC. Main methods: The methylation status of CHODL in CRC was evaluated by bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS). The functions of CHODL in CRC were determined by proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration and invasion assays. The impact and underlying mechanisms of CHODL in CRC were characterized by western blot and RNA-Seq analyses. The association between CHODL and CRC clinical features was examined using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and immunohistochemical staining. Key findings: CHODL was downregulated in 10 CRC cell lines and CRC tissues, and promoter hypermethylation contributed to its inactivation. Ectopic expression of CHODL inhibited colony formation, suppressed cell viability, induced apoptosis, and restrained cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, high CHODL expression in CRC was a predictor of improved survival, though CHODL hypermethylation was a poor prognostic factor for CRC patients, especially those with early-stage CRC. Significance: CHODL promoter hypermethylation silences CHODL expression in CRC, and CHODL suppresses CRC tumorigenesis. CHODL methylation and expression levels can be used as potential markers to evaluate the prognosis of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Department Of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510080.,Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510080
| | - Kaiming Wu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510080
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Department Of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China, 510080
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department Of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510080
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510080
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department Of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510080
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6
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Lacey CJ, Doudney K, Bridgman PG, George PM, Mulder RT, Zarifeh JJ, Kimber B, Cadzow MJ, Black MA, Merriman TR, Lehnert K, Bickley VM, Pearson JF, Cameron VA, Kennedy MA. Copy number variants implicate cardiac function and development pathways in earthquake-induced stress cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7548. [PMID: 29765130 PMCID: PMC5954162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of stress cardiomyopathy (SCM), also known as takotsubo syndrome, is poorly understood. SCM usually occurs sporadically, often in association with a stressful event, but clusters of cases are reported after major natural disasters. There is some evidence that this is a familial condition. We have examined three possible models for an underlying genetic predisposition to SCM. Our primary study cohort consists of 28 women who suffered SCM as a result of two devastating earthquakes that struck the city of Christchurch, New Zealand, in 2010 and 2011. To seek possible underlying genetic factors we carried out exome analysis, genotyping array analysis, and array comparative genomic hybridization on these subjects. The most striking finding was the observation of a markedly elevated rate of rare, heterogeneous copy number variants (CNV) of uncertain clinical significance (in 12/28 subjects). Several of these CNVs impacted on genes of cardiac relevance including RBFOX1, GPC5, KCNRG, CHODL, and GPBP1L1. There is no physical overlap between the CNVs, and the genes they impact do not appear to be functionally related. The recognition that SCM predisposition may be associated with a high rate of rare CNVs offers a novel perspective on this enigmatic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Lacey
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Kit Doudney
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Paul G Bridgman
- Department of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter M George
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roger T Mulder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Julie J Zarifeh
- Psychiatric Consultation Service, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Bridget Kimber
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Murray J Cadzow
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Klaus Lehnert
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vivienne M Bickley
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John F Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Vicky A Cameron
- Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martin A Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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7
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Huang Z, Zhang N, Li W, Cao J, Zhang L, Chen Y. Expression of CHODL in hepatocellular carcinoma affects invasion and migration of liver cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:715-721. [PMID: 28356950 PMCID: PMC5351393 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-associated death. Due to rapid progression and metastasis, the long-term survival remains poor for most patients. Thus, it is important to discover and develop novel preventive strategies and therapeutic approaches for HCC. Recent data show that chondrolectin (CHODL) is commonly overexpressed in the majority of lung cancers, indicating a possible correlation between CHODL and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Our investigation shows that the expression of CHODL is significantly decreased in HCC clinical samples and in HCC cell lines. Overexpression of CHODL in SMMC7721 cells with a lentiviral vector increased SMMC7721 cell migration and invasion. Our findings establish for the first time an association between human CHODL and HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Wenda Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yajin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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8
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Wertz MH, Winden K, Neveu P, Ng SY, Ercan E, Sahin M. Cell-type-specific miR-431 dysregulation in a motor neuron model of spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2168-2181. [PMID: 27005422 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal-recessive pediatric neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective loss of spinal motor neurons. It is caused by mutation in the survival of motor neuron 1, SMN1, gene and leads to loss of function of the full-length SMN protein. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Prior studies have implicated miRNAs in the pathogenesis of motor neuron disease. We hypothesized that motor neuron-specific miRNA expression changes are involved in their selective vulnerability in SMA. Therefore, we sought to determine the effect of SMN loss on miRNAs and their target mRNAs in spinal motor neurons. We used microarray and RNAseq to profile both miRNA and mRNA expression in primary spinal motor neuron cultures after acute SMN knockdown. By integrating the miRNA:mRNA profiles, a number of dysregulated miRNAs were identified with enrichment in differentially expressed putative mRNA targets. miR-431 expression was highly increased, and a number of its putative mRNA targets were significantly downregulated in motor neurons after SMN loss. Further, we found that miR-431 regulates motor neuron neurite length by targeting several molecules previously identified to play a role in motor neuron axon outgrowth, including chondrolectin. Together, our findings indicate that cell-type-specific dysregulation of miR-431 plays a role in the SMA motor neuron phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Wertz
- Department of Neurology, The F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kellen Winden
- Department of Neurology, The F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierre Neveu
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Ebru Ercan
- Department of Neurology, The F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, The F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Sakurai K, Akiyama M, Cai B, Scott A, Han BX, Takatoh J, Sigrist M, Arber S, Wang F. The organization of submodality-specific touch afferent inputs in the vibrissa column. Cell Rep 2013; 5:87-98. [PMID: 24120861 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rodent tactile vibrissae are innervated by several different types of touch sensory neurons. The central afferents of all touch neurons from one vibrissa collectively project to a columnar structure called a barrelette in the brainstem. Delineating how distinct types of sensors connect to second-order neurons within each barrelette is critical for understanding tactile information coding and processing. Using genetic and viral techniques, we labeled slowly adapting (SA) mechanosensory neurons, rapidly adapting (RA) mechanosensory neurons, afferent synapses, and second-order projection neurons with four different fluorescent markers to examine their connectivity. We discovered that within each vibrissa column, individual sensory neurons project collaterals to multiply distributed locations, inputs from SA and RA afferents are spatially intermixed without any discernible stereotypy or topography, and second-order projection neurons receive convergent SA and RA inputs. Our findings reveal a "one-to-many and many-to-one" connectivity scheme and the circuit architecture for tactile information processing at the first-order synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyasu Sakurai
- Department of Cell Biology, Box 3709, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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10
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Sleigh JN, Barreiro-Iglesias A, Oliver PL, Biba A, Becker T, Davies KE, Becker CG, Talbot K. Chondrolectin affects cell survival and neuronal outgrowth in in vitro and in vivo models of spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:855-69. [PMID: 24067532 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is characterized by the selective loss of spinal motor neurons owing to reduced levels of survival motor neuron (Smn) protein. In addition to its well-established role in assembling constituents of the spliceosome, diverse cellular functions have been proposed for Smn, but the reason why low levels of this widely expressed protein result in selective motor neuron pathology is still debated. In longitudinal studies of exon-level changes in SMA mouse model tissues, designed to determine the contribution of splicing dysfunction to the disease, we have previously shown that a generalized defect in splicing is unlikely to play a causative role in SMA. Nevertheless, we identified a small subset of genes that were alternatively spliced in the spinal cord compared with control mice before symptom onset, indicating a possible mechanistic role in disease. Here, we have performed functional studies of one of these genes, chondrolectin (Chodl), known to be highly expressed in motor neurons and important for correct motor axon outgrowth in zebrafish. Using in vitro and in vivo models of SMA, we demonstrate altered expression of Chodl in SMA mouse spinal motor neurons, show that Chodl has distinct effects on cell survival and neurite outgrowth and that increasing the expression of chodl can rescue motor neuron outgrowth defects in Smn-depleted zebrafish. Our findings thus link the dysregulation of Chodl to the pathophysiology of motor neuron degeneration in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Sleigh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, MRC Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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11
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Urban ETR, Bury SD, Barbay HS, Guggenmos DJ, Dong Y, Nudo RJ. Gene expression changes of interconnected spared cortical neurons 7 days after ischemic infarct of the primary motor cortex in the rat. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 369:267-86. [PMID: 22821175 PMCID: PMC3694431 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After cortical injury resulting from stroke, some recovery can occur and may involve spared areas of the cerebral cortex reorganizing to assume functions previously controlled by the damaged cortical areas. No studies have specifically assessed gene expression changes in remote neurons with axonal processes that terminate in the infarcted tissue, i.e., the subset of neurons most likely to be involved in regenerative processes. By physiologically identifying the primary motor area controlling forelimb function in adult rats (caudal forelimb area = CFA), and injecting a retrograde tract-tracer, we labeled neurons within the non-primary motor cortex (rostral forelimb area = RFA) that project to CFA. Then, 7 days after a CFA infarct (n = 6), we used laser capture microdissection techniques to harvest labeled neurons in RFA. Healthy, uninjured rats served as controls (n = 6). Biological interactions and functions of gene profiling were investigated by Affymetrix Microarray, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. A total of 143 up- and 128 down-regulated genes showed significant changes (fold change ≥1.3 and p < 0.05). The canonical pathway, "Axonal Guidance Signaling," was overrepresented (p value = 0.002). Significantly overrepresented functions included: branching of neurites, organization of cytoskeleton, dendritic growth and branching, organization of cytoplasm, guidance of neurites, development of cellular protrusions, density of dendritic spines, and shape change (p = 0.000151-0.0487). As previous studies have shown that spared motor areas are important in recovery following injury to the primary motor area, the results suggest that these gene expression changes in remote, interconnected neurons may underlie reorganization and recovery mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T. R. Urban
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 3043, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. Landon Center on Aging, Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 1005, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Scott D. Bury
- Landon Center on Aging, Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 1005, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - H. Scott Barbay
- Landon Center on Aging, Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 1005, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - David J. Guggenmos
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 3043, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. Landon Center on Aging, Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 1005, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yafeng Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 2028, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Randolph J. Nudo
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 3043, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. Landon Center on Aging, Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 1005, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 3051, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Masuda K, Takano A, Oshita H, Akiyama H, Tsuchiya E, Kohno N, Nakamura Y, Daigo Y. Chondrolectin is a novel diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:7712-22. [PMID: 22016508 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to identify molecules that might be useful as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and as targets for the development of new molecular therapies for lung cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We screened for genes that were highly transactivated in a large proportion of 120 lung cancers by means of a cDNA microarray representing 27,648 genes and found chondrolectin (CHODL) as a candidate. Tumor tissue microarray was applied to examine the expression of CHODL protein and its clinicopathologic significance in archival non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues from 295 patients. A role of CHODL in cancer cell growth and/or survival was examined by siRNA experiments. Cellular invasive effect of CHODL on mammalian cells was examined by Matrigel assays. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining revealed that strong positivity of CHODL protein was associated with shorter survival of patients with NSCLC (P = 0.0006), and multivariate analysis confirmed it to be an independent prognostic factor. Treatment of lung cancer cells with siRNAs against CHODL suppressed growth of the cancer cells. Furthermore, induction of exogenous expression of CHODL conferred growth and invasive activity of mammalian cells. CONCLUSIONS CHODL is likely to be a prognostic biomarker in the clinic and targeting CHODL might be a strategy for the development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Masuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Kostrominova TY. Application of WGA lectin staining for visualization of the connective tissue in skeletal muscle, bone, and ligament/tendon studies. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 74:18-22. [PMID: 21181705 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During immunostaining of specific proteins in tissue sections using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, visualization of general tissue staining/background or major structural features is helpful to pinpoint precise localization of the protein of interest. Often in skeletal muscle research, immunostaining with antibodies against connective tissue or plasma membrane proteins (collagen 1, laminin, and caveolin 3) are used for this purpose. Although immunostaining for these proteins works well, it is time consuming, costly, limits the number of antibodies against protein of interest that can be used on a single section, and is not applicable to some staining techniques. Lectins were frequently used in earlier publications for skeletal muscle fiber boundaries and connective tissue visualization, but are not common in the current research studies. This work investigates costaining of muscle, bone, ligament, and tendon tissue sections with fluorescently tagged wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin as a tool for the visualization of connective tissue. The results of this study show that fluorescent WGA lectin costaining is a cost-effective, fast, and convenient method for connective tissue visualization, especially in the studies where extensive washes reduce staining of the structures that are the primary interest of the investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Y Kostrominova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, Indiana 46409-1008.
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Enjin A, Rabe N, Nakanishi ST, Vallstedt A, Gezelius H, Memic F, Lind M, Hjalt T, Tourtellotte WG, Bruder C, Eichele G, Whelan PJ, Kullander K. Identification of novel spinal cholinergic genetic subtypes disclose Chodl and Pitx2 as markers for fast motor neurons and partition cells. J Comp Neurol 2010; 518:2284-304. [PMID: 20437528 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cholinergic neurons are critical for motor function in both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems and are affected in spinal cord injury and in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy. Using two screening approaches and in situ hybridization, we identified 159 genes expressed in typical cholinergic patterns in the spinal cord. These include two general cholinergic neuron markers, one gene exclusively expressed in motor neurons, and nine genes expressed in unknown subtypes of somatic motor neurons. Further, we present evidence that chondrolectin (Chodl) is expressed by fast motor neurons and that estrogen-related receptor beta (ERRbeta) is a candidate marker for slow motor neurons. In addition, we suggest paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (Pitx2) as a marker for cholinergic partition cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Enjin
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Buchtová M, Kuo WP, Nimmagadda S, Benson SL, Geetha-Loganathan P, Logan C, Au-Yeung T, Chiang E, Fu K, Richman JM. Whole genome microarray analysis of chicken embryo facial prominences. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:574-91. [PMID: 19941351 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The face is one of the three regions most frequently affected by congenital defects in humans. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved, it is necessary to have a more complete picture of gene expression in the embryo. Here, we use microarrays to profile expression in chicken facial prominences, post neural crest migration and before differentiation of mesenchymal cells. Chip-wide analysis revealed that maxillary and mandibular prominences had similar expression profiles while the frontonasal mass chips were distinct. Of the 3094 genes that were differentially expressed in one or more regions of the face, a group of 56 genes was subsequently validated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) and a subset examined with in situ hybridization. Microarrays trends were consistent with the QPCR data for the majority of genes (81%). On the basis of QPCR and microarray data, groups of genes that characterize each of the facial prominences can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Buchtová
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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The cytoplasmic domain of chondrolectin interacts with the beta-subunit of Rab geranylgeranyl transferase. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2008; 13:250-9. [PMID: 18161010 PMCID: PMC6275987 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-007-0052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse chondrolectin (chodl) was isolated out of the tail tip of four-day old 129/SvJ mice as a by-product of a PCR-based subtractive cDNA library screening. The gene is predominantly expressed in adult skeletal muscle, heart, testes and lungs and in embryonic stadia. Chodl is the mouse homologue of human chondrolectin (CHODL), a gene that encodes for a type Ia transmembrane protein and that is expressed in human testis, prostate, heart and skeletal muscle tissue. CHODL-splice variants (CHODLf, CHODLfΔE, CHODLΔE) are detected in human leukocytes. The proteins of the chondrolectin family belong to the family of C-type lectins. As the members of this protein family are important for a wide array of biological processes, the function of chodl was investigated by searching for its protein interaction partners. The β-subunit of Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (Rabggtb) was isolated 8 times after a complete Sos recruitment system (SRS) screen with the cytoplasmic domain of chodl. The interaction was confirmed with in vitro transcription/translation and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments.
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