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Yao Y, Zhang Z, Yang Z. The combination of vaccines and adjuvants to prevent the occurrence of high incidence of infectious diseases in bovine. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1243835. [PMID: 37885619 PMCID: PMC10598632 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1243835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global population grows, the demand for beef and dairy products is also increasing. The cattle industry is facing tremendous pressures and challenges. The expanding cattle industry has led to an increased risk of disease in cattle. These diseases not only cause economic losses but also pose threats to public health and safety. Hence, ensuring the health of cattle is crucial. Vaccination is one of the most economical and effective methods of preventing bovine infectious diseases. However, there are fewer comprehensive reviews of bovine vaccines available. In addition, the variable nature of bovine infectious diseases will result in weakened or even ineffective immune protection from existing vaccines. This shows that it is crucial to improve overall awareness of bovine vaccines. Adjuvants, which are crucial constituents of vaccines, have a significant role in enhancing vaccine response. This review aims to present the latest advances in bovine vaccines mainly including types of bovine vaccines, current status of development of commonly used vaccines, and vaccine adjuvants. In addition, this review highlights the main challenges and outstanding problems of bovine vaccines and adjuvants in the field of research and applications. This review provides a theoretical and practical basis for the eradication of global bovine infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Ryskeldinova S, Zinina N, Kydyrbayev Z, Yespembetov B, Kozhamkulov Y, Inkarbekov D, Assanzhanova N, Mailybayeva A, Bugybayeva D, Sarmykova M, Khairullin B, Tabynov K, Bulashev A, Aitzhanov B, Abeuov K, Sansyzbay A, Yespolov T, Renukaradhya GJ, Olsen S, Oñate A, Tabynov K. Registered Influenza Viral Vector Based Brucella abortus Vaccine for Cattle in Kazakhstan: Age-Wise Safety and Efficacy Studies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:669196. [PMID: 34290993 PMCID: PMC8288105 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.669196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel influenza viral vector based Brucella abortus vaccine (Flu-BA) was introduced for use in cattle in Kazakhstan in 2019. In this study, the safety and efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated in male and female cattle at different ages, and during pregnancy as a part of its registration process. Our data demonstrated that the Flu-BA vaccine was safe after prime or booster vaccination in calves (5–7 months old male and female), heifers (15–17 months old) and cows (6–7 years old) and was not abortogenic in pregnant animals. A mild, localized granuloma was observed at the Flu-BA injection site. Vaccinated animals did not show signs of influenza infection or reduced milk production in dairy cows, and the influenza viral vector (IVV) was not recovered from nasal swabs or milk. Vaccinated animals in all age groups demonstrated increased IgG antibody responses against Brucella Omp16 and L7/L12 proteins with calves demonstrating the greatest increase in humoral responses. Following experimental challenge with B. abortus 544, vaccinates demonstrated greater protection and no signs of clinical disease, including abortion, were observed. The vaccine effectiveness against B. abortus 544 infection was 75, 60 and 60%, respectively, in calves, heifers and adult cows. Brucella were not isolated from calves of vaccinated cattle that were experimentally challenged during pregnancy. Our data suggests that the Flu-BA vaccine is safe and efficacious in cattle, including pregnant animals; and can therefore be administered to cattle of any age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholpan Ryskeldinova
- Infectious Disease Prevention Laboratory, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Nadezhda Zinina
- Microbiology Laboratory, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhailaubay Kydyrbayev
- Infectious Disease Prevention Laboratory, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Bolat Yespembetov
- Microbiology Laboratory, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerken Kozhamkulov
- Infectious Disease Prevention Laboratory, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Dulat Inkarbekov
- Infectious Disease Prevention Laboratory, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurika Assanzhanova
- Infectious Disease Prevention Laboratory, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigerim Mailybayeva
- Infectious Disease Prevention Laboratory, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Dina Bugybayeva
- Infectious Disease Prevention Laboratory, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan.,International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian University (KazNAU), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Makhpal Sarmykova
- Microbiology Laboratory, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Berik Khairullin
- Infectious Disease Monitoring Laboratory, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Kairat Tabynov
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian University (KazNAU), Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Preclinical Research Laboratory With Vivarium, M. Aikimbayev National Research Center for Especially Dangerous Infections, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aitbay Bulashev
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Batyrbek Aitzhanov
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kazakh National Agrarian University (KazNAU), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Khairulla Abeuov
- Infectious Disease Monitoring Laboratory, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Abylay Sansyzbay
- Department of Biological Safety, Kazakh National Agrarian University (KazNAU), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Tlektes Yespolov
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian University (KazNAU), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University (OSU), Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Steven Olsen
- Independent Researcher, McCallsburg, IA, United States
| | - Angel Oñate
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Kaissar Tabynov
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian University (KazNAU), Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Preclinical Research Laboratory With Vivarium, M. Aikimbayev National Research Center for Especially Dangerous Infections, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Gheibi A, Khanahmad H, Kashfi K, Sarmadi M, Khorramizadeh MR. Development of new generation of vaccines for Brucella abortus. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01079. [PMID: 30603712 PMCID: PMC6307385 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative facultative and intracellular bacteria, it causes bovine brucellosis, a zoonotic disease that is responsible for considerable economic loss to owners of domesticated animals and can cause problems in otherwise healthy humans. There are a few available live attenuated vaccines for animal immunization against brucellosis; however, these have significant side effects and offer insufficient protective efficacy. Thus, the need for more research into the Molecular pathobiology and immunological properties of B. abortus that would lead to the development of better and safer vaccines. In this paper we have reviewed the main aspects of the pathology and the responsive immunological mechanisms, we have also covered current and new prospective vaccines against B. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Gheibi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Mahdieh Sarmadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Carvalho TF, Haddad JPA, Paixão TA, Santos RL. Meta-Analysis and Advancement of Brucellosis Vaccinology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166582. [PMID: 27846274 PMCID: PMC5112997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives In spite of all the research effort for developing new vaccines against brucellosis, it remains unclear whether these new vaccine technologies will in fact become widely used. The goal of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to identify parameters that influence vaccine efficacy as well as a descriptive analysis on how the field of Brucella vaccinology is advancing concerning type of vaccine, improvement of protection on animal models over time, and factors that may affect protection in the mouse model. Methods A total of 117 publications that met the criteria were selected for inclusion in this study, with a total of 782 individual experiments analyzed. Results Attenuated (n = 221), inactivated (n = 66) and mutant (n = 102) vaccines provided median protection index above 2, whereas subunit (n = 287), DNA (n = 68), and vectored (n = 38) vaccines provided protection indexes lower than 2. When all categories of experimental vaccines are analyzed together, the trend line clearly demonstrates that there was no improvement of the protection indexes over the past 30 years, with a low negative and non significant linear coefficient. A meta-regression model was developed including all vaccine categories (attenuated, DNA, inactivated, mutant, subunit, and vectored) considering the protection index as a dependent variable and the other parameters (mouse strain, route of vaccination, number of vaccinations, use of adjuvant, challenge Brucella species) as independent variables. Some of these variables influenced the expected protection index of experimental vaccines against Brucella spp. in the mouse model. Conclusion In spite of the large number of publication over the past 30 years, our results indicate that there is not clear trend to improve the protective potential of these experimental vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane F. Carvalho
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João Paulo A. Haddad
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tatiane A. Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato L. Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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5
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Tabynov K. Influenza viral vector based Brucella abortus vaccine: a novel vaccine candidate for veterinary practice. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1237-9. [PMID: 27356589 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1208089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaissar Tabynov
- a Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention , The Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Zhambulskaya oblast, Kordaiskiy rayon , Gvardeisky , Republic of Kazakhstan
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Dorneles EMS, Sriranganathan N, Lage AP. Recent advances in Brucella abortus vaccines. Vet Res 2015; 46:76. [PMID: 26155935 PMCID: PMC4495609 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus vaccines play a central role in bovine brucellosis control/eradication programs and have been successfully used worldwide for decades. Strain 19 and RB51 are the approved B. abortus vaccines strains most commonly used to protect cattle against infection and abortion. However, due to some drawbacks shown by these vaccines much effort has been undertaken for the development of new vaccines, safer and more effective, that could also be used in other susceptible species of animals. In this paper, we present a review of the main aspects of the vaccines that have been used in the brucellosis control over the years and the current research advances in the development of new B. abortus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M S Dorneles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Bacteriologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Nammalwar Sriranganathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Andrey P Lage
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Bacteriologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Oliveira SC, Giambartolomei GH, Cassataro J. Confronting the barriers to develop novel vaccines against brucellosis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 10:1291-305. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Murine and bovine γδ T cells enhance innate immunity against Brucella abortus infections. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21978. [PMID: 21765931 PMCID: PMC3134454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells have been postulated to act as a first line of defense against infectious agents, particularly intracellular pathogens, representing an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Human γδ T cells expand in the blood of brucellosis patients and are active against Brucella in vitro. However, the role of γδ T cells in vivo during experimental brucellosis has not been studied. Here we report TCRδ−/− mice are more susceptible to B. abortus infection than C57BL/6 mice at one week post-infection as measured by splenic colonization and splenomegaly. An increase in TCRγδ cells was observed in the spleens of B. abortus-infected C57BL/6 mice, which peaked at two weeks post-infection and occurred concomitantly with diminished brucellae. γδ T cells were the major source of IL-17 following infection and also produced IFN-γ. Depletion of γδ T cells from C57BL/6, IL-17Rα−/−, and GMCSF−/− mice enhanced susceptibility to B. abortus infection although this susceptibility was unaltered in the mutant mice; however, when γδ T cells were depleted from IFN-γ−/− mice, enhanced susceptibility was observed. Neutralization of γδ T cells in the absence of TNF-α did not further impair immunity. In the absence of TNF-α or γδ T cells, B. abortus-infected mice showed enhanced IFN-γ, suggesting that they augmented production to compensate for the loss of γδ T cells and/or TNF-α. While the protective role of γδ T cells was TNF-α-dependent, γδ T cells were not the major source of TNF-α and activation of γδ T cells following B. abortus infection was TNF-α-independent. Additionally, bovine TCRγδ cells were found to respond rapidly to B. abortus infection upon co-culture with autologous macrophages and could impair the intramacrophage replication of B. abortus via IFN-γ. Collectively, these results demonstrate γδ T cells are important for early protection to B. abortus infections.
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Ficht TA, Kahl-McDonagh MM, Arenas-Gamboa AM, Rice-Ficht AC. Brucellosis: the case for live, attenuated vaccines. Vaccine 2009; 27 Suppl 4:D40-3. [PMID: 19837284 PMCID: PMC2780424 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The successful control of animal brucellosis and associated reduction in human exposure has limited the development of human brucellosis vaccines. However, the potential use of Brucella in bioterrorism or biowarfare suggests that direct intervention strategies are warranted. Although the dominant approach has explored the use of live attenuated vaccines, side effects associated with their use has prevented widespread use in humans. Development of live, attenuated Brucella vaccines that are safe for use in humans has focused on the deletion of important genes required for survival. However, the enhanced safety of deletion mutants is most often associated with reduced efficacy. For this reason recent efforts have sought to combine the optimal features of a attenuated live vaccine that is safe, free of side effects and efficacious in humans with enhanced immune stimulation through microencapsulation. The competitive advantages and innovations of this approach are: (1) use of highly attenuated, safe, gene knockout, live Brucella mutants; (2) manufacturing with unique disposable closed system technologies, and (3) oral/intranasal delivery in a novel microencapsulation-mediated controlled release formula to optimally provide the long term mucosal immunostimulation required for protective immunity. Based upon preliminary data, it is postulated that such vaccine delivery systems can be storage stable, administered orally or intranasally, and generally applicable to a number of agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Ficht
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University and TX AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA.
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Bellaire BH, Elzer PH, Hagius S, Walker J, Baldwin CL, Roop RM. Genetic organization and iron-responsive regulation of the Brucella abortus 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid biosynthesis operon, a cluster of genes required for wild-type virulence in pregnant cattle. Infect Immun 2003; 71:1794-803. [PMID: 12654793 PMCID: PMC152065 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.4.1794-1803.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus reportedly produces the monocatechol siderophore 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) in response to iron limitation. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned DHBA biosynthesis locus from virulent B. abortus 2308 and genetic complementation of defined Escherichia coli mutants were used to identify the B. abortus genes (designated dhbC, -B, and -A) responsible for synthesis of this siderophore. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis of total RNA with dhb-specific primers demonstrated that dhbC, -B, and -A are transcribed as components of an operon, together with dhbE, a functional homolog of the Escherichia coli entE gene. Homologs of the E. coli entD and Vibrio cholerae vibH genes were also detected in the flanking regions immediately adjacent to the B. abortus dhbCEBA operon, suggesting that B. abortus has the genetic capacity to produce a more complex 2,3-DHBA-based siderophore. Slot blot hybridization experiments and primer extension analysis showed that transcription of the B. abortus dhbCEBA operon originates from two iron-regulated promoters located upstream of dhbC. Consistent with their iron-dependent regulation, both of the dhbCEBA promoter sequences contain typical consensus Fur-binding motifs. Although previously published studies have shown that 2,3-DHBA production is not required for the establishment and maintenance of chronic spleen infection by B. abortus in mice, experimental infection of pregnant cattle with the B. abortus dhbC mutant BHB1 clearly showed that production of this siderophore is essential for wild-type virulence in the natural ruminant host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan H Bellaire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
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Ko J, Splitter GA. Molecular host-pathogen interaction in brucellosis: current understanding and future approaches to vaccine development for mice and humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16:65-78. [PMID: 12525425 PMCID: PMC145300 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.16.1.65-78.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis caused by Brucella spp. is a major zoonotic disease. Control of brucellosis in agricultural animals is a prerequisite for the prevention of this disease in human beings. Recently, Brucella melitensis was declared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to be one of three major bioterrorist agents due to the expense required for the treatment of human brucellosis patients. Also, the economic agricultural loss due to bovine brucellosis emphasizes the financial impact of brucellosis in society. Thus, vaccination might efficiently solve this disease. Currently, B. abortus RB51 and B. melitensis REV.1 are used to immunize cattle and to immunize goats and sheep, respectively, in many countries. However, these genetically undefined strains still induce abortion and persistent infection, raising questions of safety and efficiency. In fact, the REV.1 vaccine is quite virulent and apparently unstable, creating the need for improved vaccines for B. melitensis. In addition, Brucella spp. may or may not provide cross-protection against infection by heterologous Brucella species, hampering the acceleration of vaccine development. This review provides our current understanding of Brucella pathogenesis and host immunity for the development of genetically defined efficient vaccine strains. Additionally, conditions required for an effective Brucella vaccine strain as well as the future research direction needed to investigate Brucella pathogenesis and host immunity are postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Ko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Halling SM. Paradigm shifts in vaccine development: lessons learned about antigenicity, pathogenicity and virulence of Brucellae. Vet Microbiol 2002; 90:545-52. [PMID: 12414170 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As part of a program to support the USDA Animal Plant Health Inspection Service Bovine Brucellosis Eradication Program, the Brucellosis Research Unit of the National Animal Disease Center (NADC) sought to develop a bovine brucellosis vaccine that would allow vaccinated animals to be distinguished from virulent field infected animals. In order to meet that goal, several avenues of research were undertaken to construct and test candidate vaccines, including Brucella abortus RB51. In early vaccine development studies, a subunit preparation obtained by extracting B. abortus with salts was studied as a candidate subunit vaccine. Later, molecular biological techniques were used both to clone genes encoding products found in the salt extract (BCSP31 and Cu-Zn SOD) and genes encoding proteins of B. abortus that were antigenic (HtrA) or possibly essential (two-component systems) for full virulence of B. abortus. In vitro systems using mammalian cells lines such as HeLa and macrophage-related were used along with the mouse model and host animal models. Results obtained at NADC and in other Brucellosis research laboratories, using survival in mammalian cell lines and the mouse model to access pathogenicity and virulence of genetically engineered strains, do not necessarily identify loci that are essential for full virulence or pathogenicity in the natural host, the bovine. Studies at NADC and other brucellosis laboratories showed that antigenicity was not a predictor of the effectiveness of a protein as a subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley M Halling
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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13
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Roop RM, Phillips RW, Hagius S, Walker JV, Booth NJ, Fulton WT, Edmonds MD, Elzer PH. Re-examination of the role of the Brucella melitensis HtrA stress response protease in virulence in pregnant goats. Vet Microbiol 2001; 82:91-5. [PMID: 11423199 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Based on previously reported studies describing the experimental infection of pregnant goats with B. melitensis strain RWP5, we proposed that the HtrA protease plays an important role in the virulence of B. melitensis in its natural ruminant host. Subsequent studies, however, have shown that RWP5 is actually an htrA cycL double mutant. In order to definitively evaluate the role of the B. melitensis htrA in virulence, we constructed an authentic htrA mutant and examined this strain in pregnant goats. The findings of these studies indicate that the contribution of the htrA gene product to the virulence of B. melitensis in its natural host is not as great as was previously proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Roop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
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14
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Edmonds MD, Cloeckaert A, Booth NJ, Fulton WT, Hagius SD, Walker JV, Elzer PH. Attenuation of a Brucella abortus mutant lacking a major 25 kDa outer membrane protein in cattle. Am J Vet Res 2001; 62:1461-6. [PMID: 11560278 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the virulence of a Brucella abortus mutant, BA25, lacking a major 25 kd outer membrane protein (Omp25) in cattle. ANIMALS 20 mixed-breed heifers in late gestation. PROCEDURE 10 heifers were inoculated with 1 x 10(7) colony-forming units of the Omp25 mutant via the conjunctival sac, and an equal number were infected with the virulent parental strain B. abortus 2308. The delivery status of the dams was recorded, and colonization was assessed following necropsy. The ability of BA25 to replicate inside bovine phagocytes and chorionic trophoblasts was also evaluated in vitro because of the propensity of virulent brucellae to replicate inside these cells in vivo. RESULTS The parental strain induced abortions in 5 of 10 inoculated cattle, whereas only 1 of 10 dams exposed to BA25 aborted. Brucella abortus strain 2308 colonized all of the cow-calf pairs and induced Brucella-specific antibodies in 100% of the dams. In contrast, BA25 was isolated by bacteriologic cultural technique from 30% of the calves and 50% of the inoculated dams (n = 10). Of the 10 heifers inoculated with BA25, 4 did not develop Brucella-specific antibodies nor were they colonized by the mutant strain. In bovine macrophages and chorionic trophoblasts, BA25 replicated in significantly lower numbers than the virulent parental strain (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The 25 kd outer membrane protein may be an important virulence factor for B. abortus in cattle. The attenuation of the Omp25 mutant in cattle may involve the inability of BA25 to replicate efficiently in bovine phagocytes and chorionic trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Edmonds
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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