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Berger SS, Riber U, Jensen VF, Lauritsen KT, Andresen LO. Development and evaluation of a bead-based Multiplexed Fluorescent ImmunoAssay (MFIA) for detection of antibodies to Salmonella enterica serogroup B and C1 in pigs. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:259. [PMID: 35791012 PMCID: PMC9254579 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Since 1995, a surveillance program for Salmonella has been applied in the Danish pig industry in order to reduce cases of human salmonellosis. The objective of this study was to develop a bead-based Multiplexed Fluorometric ImmunoAssay (MFIA) as an improved serological surveillance method compared to the Salmonella mix ELISA, which has been the national reference immunoassay in the Danish Salmonella surveillance program for about 20 years. Results An MFIA for detection of antibodies to Salmonella serogroup B and C1 was developed and optimized with regard to coupling of beads with Salmonella lipopolysaccharide antigens and establishing suitable assay conditions. The Salmonella MFIA was validated by testing sera from experimentally infected pigs as well as field sera from non-infected and infected pig herds, and by comparing to results from the Salmonella mix ELISA, which was run in parallel. Sensitivity and specificity was evaluated using receiver operating curve analysis showing an area under curve for the serogroup B and C1 MFIA of 0.984 and 0.998, respectively. The Salmonella MFIA was shown to detect more antibody-positive samples in seropositive herds compared to the Salmonella mix ELISA, and Bayesian statistics confirmed that the MFIA had a considerably higher sensitivity (94.5%) compared to the mix ELISA (75.1%). The assay specificity was slightly lower for the Salmonella MFIA (96.8%) compared to Salmonella mix ELISA (99.5%). Coupled beads were stable for at least 1 year at 4˚C, and MFIA reproducibility and repeatability of the Salmonella MFIA were acceptable. Results from proficiency tests also indicated that the Salmonella MFIA was more sensitive than the Salmonella mix ELISA and that they had similar specificity. Conclusions A bead-based MFIA for simultaneous detection of porcine serum antibodies to Salmonella enterica serogroup B and C1 was developed and implemented in the Danish porcine serological Salmonella surveillance program in 2018. The Salmonella MFIA can distinguish, as opposed to the Salmonella mix ELISA, between antibodies to serogroup B and C1 and the MFIA shows considerably better sensitivity.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03362-w.
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2
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Liu Y, Du Y, Song Y, Tian Y, Qi Y, Zhang Q, He Q, Wang X, Chen H, Cai X, Xu X. Development and application of an antibody detection ELISA for Haemophilus parasuis based on a monomeric autotransporter passenger domain. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:436. [PMID: 31796026 PMCID: PMC6891974 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus parasuis is a commensal pathogen in the swine upper respiratory tract and causes Glässer’s disease. Surveillance, screening for infection, and vaccination response of H. parasuis is hindered by the lack of a rapid antibody detection method. Results In the present study, a monomeric autotransporter was identified as a novel antigen for developing an indirect ELISA. The autotransporter passenger domain (Apd) was expressed, purified, and demonstrated to be specific in ELISA and western blotting. Mouse antiserum of recombinant Apd (rApd) recognized native Apd in the 15 serotype reference strains and five non-typeable isolate stains, but showed no reaction with seven other bacterial pathogens. The rApd ELISA was optimized and validated using 67 serum samples with known background, including 27 positive sera from experimentally infected and vaccinated pigs along with 40 negative sera that had been screened with H. parasuis whole cell ELISA from clinically healthy herds. The rApd ELISA provided positive and negative percent agreements of 96.4 and 94.9%, respectively, and an AUC value of 0.961, indicating that the assay produced accurate results. Conclusion Apd was a universal antigen component among 15 serotype and non-typeable strains of H. parasuis and was also specific to this pathogen. The rApd ELISA could detect antibodies elicited by H. parasuis infection and vaccination, thereby exhibiting the potential to be applied for Glässer’s disease diagnosis, H. parasuis vaccination evaluation, and large-scale serological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yujiao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qinxue Zhang
- The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xuwang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,The cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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3
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González W, Giménez-Lirola LG, Holmes A, Lizano S, Goodell C, Poonsuk K, Sitthicharoenchai P, Sun Y, Zimmerman J. Detection of Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ApxIV Toxin Antibody in Serum and Oral Fluid Specimens from Pigs Inoculated Under Experimental Conditions. J Vet Res 2017; 61:163-171. [PMID: 29978069 PMCID: PMC5894388 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevention and control of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in commercial production settings is based on serological monitoring. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed to detect specific antibodies against a variety of A. pleuropneumoniae antigens, including long-chain lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the ApxIV toxin, a repeats-in-toxin (RTX) exotoxin unique to A. pleuropneumoniae and produced by all serovars. The objective of this study was to describe ApxIV antibody responses in serum and oral fluid of pigs. Material and Methods Four groups of pigs (six pigs per group) were inoculated with A. pleuropneumoniae serovars 1, 5, 7, or 12. Weekly serum samples and daily oral fluid samples were collected from individual pigs for 56 days post inoculation (DPI) and tested by LPS and ApxIV ELISAs. The ApxIV ELISA was run in three formats to detect immunlgobulins M, G, and A (IgM, IgG and IgA) while the LPS ELISA detected only IgG. Results All pigs inoculated with A. pleuropneumoniae serovars 1 and 7 were LPS ELISA serum antibody positive from DPI 14 to 56. A transient and weak LPS ELISA antibody response was observed in pigs inoculated with serovar 5 and a single antibody positive pig was observed in serovar 12 at ≥35 DPI. Notably, ApxIV serum and oral fluid antibody responses in pig inoculated with serovars 1 and 7 reflected the patterns observed for LPS antibody, albeit with a 14 to 21 day delay. Conclusion This work suggests that ELISAs based on ApxIV antibody detection in oral fluid samples could be effective in population monitoring for A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy González
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Ashley Holmes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Korakrit Poonsuk
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Yaxuan Sun
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Zimmerman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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4
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Teshima K, Lee J, To H, Kamada T, Tazumi A, Hirano H, Maruyama M, Ogawa T, Nagai S, Turni C, Tsutsumi N. Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 15 in pig sera. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1968-1972. [PMID: 29070770 PMCID: PMC5745173 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using lipopolysaccharide extract as
antigen was evaluated for detection of antibodies to Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae serovar 15. The serovar 15 ELISA had a higher sensitivity and
specificity than latex agglutination test for 63 and 80 sera from pigs experimentally
infected and not infected with A. pleuropneumoniae, respectively. When
the serovar 15 ELISA was applied to 454 field sera, high rates of seropositivity were
found in pigs from farms infected with A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 15,
but not in those from farms free of A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 15. The
results suggest that the serovar 15 ELISA may be useful for the serological surveillance
of infection with A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Teshima
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Jina Lee
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Ho To
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamada
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tazumi
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Haruna Hirano
- Yamanashi Prefecture Eastern Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1001-1 Karakashiwa, Ishiwa, Fuefuki, Yamanashi 406-0034, Japan
| | - Minoru Maruyama
- Yamanashi Prefecture Livestock Dairy Technology Center, 963-1, Otokuro, Chuou, Yamanashi 409-3812, Japan
| | - Torata Ogawa
- Fukuoka Prefecture Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 4-14-5, Hakozakihutou, Higashi, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-0051, Japan
| | - Shinya Nagai
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | - Nobuyuki Tsutsumi
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
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Berger SS, Lauritsen KT, Boas U, Lind P, Andresen LO. Simultaneous detection of antibodies to five Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars using bead-based multiplex analysis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:797-804. [PMID: 28685648 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717719481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed and made a preliminary validation of a bead-based multiplexed immunoassay for simultaneous detection of porcine serum antibodies to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 1, 2, 6, 7, and 12. Magnetic fluorescent beads were coupled with A. pleuropneumoniae antigens and tested with a panel of serum samples from experimentally infected pigs and with serum samples from uninfected and naturally infected pigs. The multiplex assay was compared to in-house ELISAs and complement fixation (CF) tests, which have been used for decades as tools for herd classification in the Danish Specific Pathogen Free system. Assay specificities and sensitivities as well as the corresponding cutoff values were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and the A. pleuropneumoniae multiplex assay showed good correlation with the in-house ELISAs and CF tests with areas under ROC curves ≥ 0.988. Benefits of multiplexed assays compared to ELISAs and CF tests include reduced serum sample volumes needed for analysis, less labor, and shorter assay time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Schou Berger
- Section for Diagnostic and Scientific Advice, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Klara Tølbøll Lauritsen
- Section for Diagnostic and Scientific Advice, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Boas
- Section for Diagnostic and Scientific Advice, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Lind
- Section for Diagnostic and Scientific Advice, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Ole Andresen
- Section for Diagnostic and Scientific Advice, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Abstract
The introduction into a naïve herd of animals sub-clinically infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is frequently the cause of clinical pleuropneumonia and the identification of such infected herds is a priority in the control of disease. Different serological tests for App have been developed and a number of these are routinely used. Some are species-specific whereas others identify more specifically the serotype/serogroup involved which requires updated information about important serotypes recovered from diseased pigs in a given area/country. Serotyping methods based on molecular techniques have been developed lately and are ready to be used by most diagnostic laboratories. When non-conclusive serological results are obtained, direct detection of App from tonsils is sometimes attempted. This review addresses different techniques and approaches used to monitor herds sub-clinically infected by this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Gottschalk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Center (CRIPA), Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2.
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7
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Eamens GJ, Gonsalves JR, Whittington AM, Turner B. Serological responses to two serovar-independent ELISA antigens ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaein Australian commercial pig herds. Aust Vet J 2008; 86:465-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2008.00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhou L, Jones SCP, Angen Ø, Bossé JT, Nash JHE, Frey J, Zhou R, Chen HC, Kroll JS, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. PCR specific for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 3. Vet Rec 2008; 162:648-52. [PMID: 18487584 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.20.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Serotypes 3 and 8 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the aetiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, have been reported to predominate in the UK. Direct serotyping of isolates of the organism is typically determined by the immunological reactivity of rabbit serum to its surface polysaccharides, but the method has limitations, for example, cross-reactions between serotypes 3, 6 and 8. This study describes the development of a serotype 3-specific pcr, based on the capsule locus, which can be used in a multiplex format with the organism's specific gene apxIV. The pcr test was evaluated on 266 strains of A pleuropneumoniae and 121 strains of other organisms, including all the major respiratory bacterial pathogens of pigs. The test was highly specific and sensitive and should be useful for differentiating strains of serotypes 3, 6 and 8, and in seroprevalence and epidemiological surveys in regions where serotype 3 is prevalent, such as the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London w2 1pg
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Klausen J, Ekeroth L, Grøndahl-Hansen J, Andresen LO. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 in pig serum. J Vet Diagn Invest 2007; 19:244-9. [PMID: 17459852 DOI: 10.1177/104063870701900303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen was purified from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 by phenol-water extraction and fractionated on a, S-100 Sephacryl column. High molecular weight fractions of LPS purified from the S-100 column were pooled and used as antigen in an indirect serovar 7 ELISA. The ELISA was evaluated with sera from pigs experimentally infected with 11 different A. pleuropneumoniae serovars of biotype 1. Estimation of sensitivity and specificity of the A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 ELISA was performed using pig sera from herds naturally infected with A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 as well as sera from herds free of infection with A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 7. When compared to the complement fixation test (CFT) as a reference test, the ELISA showed much higher sensitivity and statistically equivalent specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Klausen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
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Jacques M, Labrie J, St Michael F, Cox AD, Paradis MA, Dick CP, Klopfenstein C, Broes A, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M. Isolation of an atypical strain of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 with a truncated lipopolysaccharide outer core and no O-antigen. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:3522-5. [PMID: 16000496 PMCID: PMC1169155 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.7.3522-3525.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A field isolate of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine fibrinohemorrhagic necrotizing pleuropneumonia, was sent to the diagnostic laboratory for serotyping. The isolate presented a clear reaction, with both polyclonal antibodies against serotype 1 and monoclonal antibodies against the capsular polysaccharide of serotype 1. It also exhibited a PCR profile of Apx toxins expected for serotype 1. The isolate, however, failed to react with monoclonal antibodies against the O-antigen of serotype 1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting a rough phenotype. The lipid A-core region of the isolate migrated faster than the corresponding region of the serotype 1 reference strain S4074 by Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting the presence of a truncated core. Sugar analysis and mass spectrometry analysis of the O-deacylated LPS from the field isolate were consistent with the absence of O-antigen and truncation of the outer core compared to the wild-type reference strain. Experimental infection of pigs confirmed the virulence of the isolate. This is the first report of an isolate of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 with a truncated outer core and a rough LPS phenotype. Veterinary diagnostic laboratories should be vigilant, since infections caused by such an isolate will not be detected by serological tests based on LPS O-antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Jacques
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, C.P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6.
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