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Abad-Fau A, Sevilla E, Oro A, Martín-Burriel I, Moreno B, Morales M, Bolea R. Multidrug resistance in pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections in dogs, Spain. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1325072. [PMID: 38585298 PMCID: PMC10996866 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1325072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a pathogen frequently isolated in cases of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in both humans and dogs and evidence exists that dogs are reservoirs for human infections. In addition, E. coli is associated to increasing antimicrobial resistance rates. This study focuses on the analysis of antimicrobial resistance and the presence of selected virulence genes in E. coli isolates from a Spanish dog population suffering from UTI. This collection of isolates showed an extremely high level of phenotypic resistance to 1st-3rd generation cephalosporins, followed by penicillins, fluoroquinolones and amphenicols. Apart from that, 13.46% of them were considered extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. An alarmingly high percentage (71.15%) of multidrug resistant isolates were also detected. There was a good correlation between the antimicrobial resistance genes found and the phenotypic resistance expressed. Most of the isolates were classified as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, and two others harbored virulence factors related to diarrheagenic pathotypes. A significant relationship between low antibiotic resistance and high virulence factor carriage was found, but the mechanisms behind it are still poorly understood. The detection of high antimicrobial resistance rates to first-choice treatments highlights the need of constant antimicrobial resistance surveillance, as well as continuous revision of therapeutic guidelines for canine UTI to adapt them to changes in antimicrobial resistance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Abad-Fau
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eloisa Sevilla
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ainara Oro
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Martín-Burriel
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Bernardino Moreno
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mariano Morales
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Albéitar Laboratories, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosa Bolea
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Poor AP, Moreno LZ, Monteiro MS, Matajira CEC, Dutra MC, Leal DF, Silva APS, Gomes VTM, de Souza IO, Araújo KM, Sato MIZ, Moreno AM. Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Sows Presenting Purulent Vulvar Discharge. Microorganisms 2024; 12:123. [PMID: 38257950 PMCID: PMC10820650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purulent vulvar discharge is a clinical sign of genitourinary tract infections, which are a significant concern in swine facilities, leading to sow culling and mortality. Escherichia coli is one of the main agents involved in these diseases. This study aimed to characterize the virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles as well as the phylotype of Escherichia coli strains isolated from sows with purulent vulvar discharge. The results showed that at least 2 of the 29 tested virulence genes related to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli were present in all strains tested. The most frequent gene was iutA, present in all strains, followed by the genes iucD, csgA, iss2, and irp2. Associations between iron uptake genes, genes related to adhesion, attachment, and serum resistance, as well as genes related to toxin release and bacteriocin, were frequent. The most prevalent phylotype was B1 (40.0%), followed by A (18.5%), D (11.9%), C (9.6%), B2 (7.4%), E (4.4%), F (1.5%), and Clade I (0.7%), with B2 being related to highly virulent traits. The strains presented elevated resistance to antimicrobials such as ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, cephalexin, florfenicol, and ampicillin. More than 90% of the strains were identified as multidrug-resistant, indicating the selection that is induced by the high use of antimicrobials in swine farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- André P. Poor
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Luisa Z. Moreno
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Matheus S. Monteiro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Carlos E. C. Matajira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Calle 5 #62-00, Cali 760035, Colombia
| | - Maurício C. Dutra
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Diego F. Leal
- Department of Animal Production and Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula S. Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Vasco T. M. Gomes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Ivan O. de Souza
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Kawany M. Araújo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Maria Inês Z. Sato
- Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Júnior 345, São Paulo 05459-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Andrea M. Moreno
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
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Mecocci S, De Paolis L, Zoccola R, Fruscione F, De Ciucis CG, Chiaradia E, Moccia V, Tognoloni A, Pascucci L, Zoppi S, Zappulli V, Chillemi G, Goria M, Cappelli K, Razzuoli E. Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Potential of Cow Colostrum Extracellular Vesicles (ColosEVs) in an Intestinal In Vitro Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123264. [PMID: 36552020 PMCID: PMC9775086 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized double-lipid-membrane-bound structures, acting mainly as signalling mediators between distant cells and, in particular, modulating the immune response and inflammation of targeted cells. Milk and colostrum contain high amounts of EVs that could be exploited as alternative natural systems in antimicrobial fighting. The aim of this study is to evaluate cow colostrum-derived EVs (colosEVs) for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects in vitro to assess their suitability as natural antimicrobial agents as a strategy to cope with the drug resistance problem. ColosEVs were evaluated on a model of neonatal calf diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli infection, a livestock disease where antibiotic therapy often has poor results. Colostrum from Piedmontese cows was collected within 24 h of calving and colosEVs were immediately isolated. IPEC-J2 cell line was pre-treated with colosEVs for 48 h and then infected with EPEC/NTEC field strains for 2 h. Bacterial adherence and IPEC-J2 gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) of CXCL8, DEFB1, DEFB4A, TLR4, TLR5, NFKB1, MYD88, CGAS, RIGI and STING were evaluated. The colosEVs pre-treatment significantly reduced the ability of EPEC/NTEC strains to adhere to cell surfaces (p = 0.006), suggesting a role of ColosEVs in modulating host−pathogen interactions. Moreover, our results showed a significant decrease in TLR5 (p < 0.05), CGAS (p < 0.05) and STING (p < 0.01) gene expression in cells that were pre-treated with ColosEVs and then infected, thus highlighting a potential antimicrobial activity of ColosEVs. This is the first preliminarily study investigating ColosEV immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects on an in vitro model of neonatal calf diarrhoea, showing its potential as a therapeutic and prophylactic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Livia De Paolis
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Zoccola
- S.C. Biotecnologie Applicate alle Produzioni, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Floriana Fruscione
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (K.C.); Tel.: +39-010-542274 (F.F.); +39-075-5857722 (K.C.)
| | - Chiara Grazia De Ciucis
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Moccia
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Tognoloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Zoppi
- S.C. Diagnostica Generale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Goria
- S.C. Biotecnologie Applicate alle Produzioni, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (K.C.); Tel.: +39-010-542274 (F.F.); +39-075-5857722 (K.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Razzuoli
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
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Popowski D, Zentek J, Piwowarski JP, Granica S. Gut Microbiota of Pigs Metabolizes Extracts of Filipendula ulmaria and Orthosiphon aristatus-Herbal Remedies Used in Urinary Tract Disorders. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:254-261. [PMID: 34624904 DOI: 10.1055/a-1647-2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections influence the mortality rate in pigs and are linked to extensive antibiotic usage in the farm industry. Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. and Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. are widespread medicinal plants traditionally used to treat urinary tract disorders. As their preparations are orally administered, the metabolism of their constituents by gut microbiota before absorption should be considered. Until now, no experiments had been performed to describe the biotransformation of tthose plants' extracts by animal gut microbiota. The study evaluates the influence of pig intestinal microbiota on the structure of active compounds in flowers of F. ulmaria and leaves of O. aristatus. The incubations of the extracts with piglet gut microbiota were performed in anaerobic conditions, and the samples of the batch culture were collected for 24 h. In F. ulmaria, the main metabolites were quercetin and kaempferol, which were products of the deglycosylation of flavonoids. After 24 h incubation of O. aristatus extract with the piglet gut microbiota, 2 main metabolites were observed. One, tentatively identified as 3-(3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, is likely the primary metabolite of the most abundant depsides and phenolic acids. The results confirm the formation of the compounds with anti-inflammatory and diuretic activity in the microbiota cultures, which might suggest F. ulmaria and O. aristatus for treating urinary tract disorders in piglets. Based on the similarities of human and pig gut microbiota, the pig model can help estimate the metabolic pathways of natural products in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Popowski
- MicrobiotaLab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- MicrobiotaLab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Granica
- MicrobiotaLab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Santos ACDM, Santos FF, Silva RM, Gomes TAT. Diversity of Hybrid- and Hetero-Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Their Potential Implication in More Severe Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:339. [PMID: 32766163 PMCID: PMC7381148 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) are designated by their isolation site and grouped based on the type of host and the disease they cause, most diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) are subdivided into several pathotypes based on the presence of specific virulence traits directly related to disease development. This scenario of a well-categorized E. coli collapsed after the German outbreak of 2011, caused by one strain bearing the virulence factors of two different DEC pathotypes (enteroaggregative E. coli and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli). Since the outbreak, many studies have shown that this phenomenon is more frequent than previously realized. Therefore, the terms hybrid- and hetero-pathogenic E. coli have been coined to describe new combinations of virulence factors among the classic E. coli pathotypes. In this review, we provide an overview of these classifications and highlight the E. coli genomic plasticity that results in some mixed E. coli pathotypes displaying novel pathogenic strategies, which lead to a new symptomatology related to E. coli diseases. In addition, as the capacity for genome interrogation has grown in the last few years, it is clear that genes encoding some virulence factors, such as Shiga toxin, are found among different E. coli pathotypes to which they have not traditionally been associated, perhaps foreshowing their emergence in new and severe outbreaks caused by such hybrid strains. Therefore, further studies regarding hetero-pathogenic and hybrid-pathogenic E. coli isolates are necessary to better understand and control the spread of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina de Mello Santos
- Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Santos
- Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Silva
- Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia Aparecida Tardelli Gomes
- Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Spindola MG, Cunha MPV, Moreno LZ, Amigo CR, Silva APS, Parra BM, Poor AP, de Oliveira CH, Perez BP, Knöbl T, Moreno AM. Genetic diversity, virulence genotype and antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from sows. Vet Q 2018; 38:79-87. [PMID: 30362902 PMCID: PMC6831001 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2018.1519321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) cause severe losses to the swine industry worldwide and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the main agent isolated from UTI in sows. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the virulence genes, assess the phylogenetic background, clonal diversity, and the pattern of resistance to antimicrobials in 186 isolates of UPEC isolated from sows in Brazil. Materials and methods: Urine samples from 300 sows of three herds with clinical signs from São Paulo State (Brazil) were screened for UTI; samples with suggestive results were submitted to bacterial isolation. E. coli strains isolated were characterized using disk diffusion technique, polymerase chain reaction and Single-enzyme amplification fragment length polymorphism (SE-AFLP). Results: Virulence genes focH and papC were present in 78.5% and 58% of strains, respectively, followed by cnf1 (23.2%), afa (13.4%), sfa (11.3%), iucD (6.9%), and hlyA (1.6%). No clonal relatedness was found by SE-AFLP. A total of 98% of isolates (182/186) were multidrug resistant, and the highest levels of resistance were to sulfonamides, tetracycline, florfenicol, and ampicillin. Isolates were classified in phylogenetic group B1 (34.4%), followed by D (33.9%), E (30.1%) and A (1.6%). Conclusions: The data obtained suggest that pigs from clinically affected herds may serve as a reservoir of uropathogenic and multidrug-resistant E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Spindola
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Marcos P V Cunha
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luisa Z Moreno
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Cristina R Amigo
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ana P S Silva
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Parra
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - André P Poor
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Carolina H de Oliveira
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Barbara P Perez
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Terezinha Knöbl
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Andrea M Moreno
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O78:H10, the cause of an outbreak of urinary tract infection. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:3703-11. [PMID: 22972830 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01909-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1991, multiresistant Escherichia coli O78:H10 strains caused an outbreak of urinary tract infections in Copenhagen, Denmark. The phylogenetic origin, clonal background, and virulence characteristics of the outbreak isolates, and their relationship to nonoutbreak O78:H10 strains according to these traits and resistance profiles, are unknown. Accordingly, we extensively characterized 51 archived E. coli O78:H10 isolates (48 human isolates from seven countries, including 19 Copenhagen outbreak isolates, and 1 each of calf, avian, and unknown-source isolates), collected from 1956 through 2000. E. coli O78:H10 was clonally heterogeneous, comprising one dominant clonal group (61% of isolates, including all 19 outbreak isolates) from ST10 (phylogenetic group A) plus several minor clonal groups (phylogenetic groups A and D). All ST10 isolates, versus 25% of non-ST10 isolates, were identified by molecular methods as enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (P < 0.001). Genes present in >90% of outbreak isolates included fimH (type 1 fimbriae; ubiquitous in E. coli); fyuA, traT, and iutA (associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli [ExPEC]); and sat, pic, aatA, aggR, aggA, ORF61, aaiC, aap, and ORF3 (associated with EAEC). An outbreak isolate was lethal in a murine subcutaneous sepsis model and exhibited characteristic EAEC "stacked brick" adherence to cultured epithelial cells. Thus, the 1991 Copenhagen outbreak was caused by a tight, non-animal-associated subset within a broadly disseminated O78:H10 clonal group (ST10; phylogenetic group A), members of which exhibit both ExPEC and EAEC characteristics, whereas O78:H10 isolates overall are phylogenetically diverse. Whether ST10 O78:H10 EAEC strains are both uropathogenic and diarrheagenic warrants further investigation.
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Isling L, Aalbæk B, Birck M, Heegaard P, Leifsson P. Host Response to Porcine Strains of Escherichia coli in a Novel Pyelonephritis Model. J Comp Pathol 2011; 144:257-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Resende D, Santo E, Macedo C, Marin J. Prevalence of virulence factors in Escherichia coli strains isolated from the genital tract of healthy cows. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352007000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of virulence genes expressing fimbriae, production of hemolysin, colicin and aerobactin, was determined in Escherichia coli isolates from healthy cow’s genital tract not showing clinical signs of infection. The presence of fimbriae expression genes (pap, sfa, afa) was assayed using specific primers in a polymerase chain reaction; none were detected in any of the isolates. Yet, a prevalence of 90.4%, 69.8%, and 28.5% of virulence factors for colicin, hemolysin and aerobactin respectively, was detected in the isolates. Analysis of the bacterial pathogenicity of isolates from the bovine genital tract may contribute towards the understanding of E. coli behavior.
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Cavallone D, Malagolini N, Monti A, Wu XR, Serafini-Cessi F. Variation of High Mannose Chains of Tamm-Horsfall Glycoprotein Confers Differential Binding to Type 1-fimbriated Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:216-22. [PMID: 14570881 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m308821200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP), the most abundant protein in mammalian urine, has been implicated in defending the urinary tract against infections by type 1-fimbriated Escherichia coli. Recent experimental evidence indicates that the defensive capability of THP relies on its single high mannose chain, which binds to E. coli FimH lectin and competes with mannosylated uroplakin receptors on the bladder surface. Here we describe several major differences, on both structural and functional levels, between human THP (hTHP) and pig THP (pTHP). pTHP contains a much higher proportion (47%) of Man5GlcNAc2 than does hTHP (8%). FimH-expressing E. coli adhere to monomeric pTHP at an approximately 3-fold higher level than to monomeric hTHP. This suggests that the shorter high mannose chain (Man5GlcNAc2) is a much better binder for FimH than the longer chains (Man6-7GlcNAc2) and that pTHP is a more potent urinary defense factor than hTHP. In addition, unlike hTHP whose polyantennary glycans are exclusively capped by sialic acid and sulfate groups, those of pTHP are also terminated by Galalpha1,3Gal epitope. This is consistent with the fact that the outer medulla of pig kidney expresses the alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase, which is completely absent in human kidney. Finally, pTHP is more resistant to leukocyte elastase hydrolysis than hTHP, thus explaining why pTHP is much less prone to urinary degradation than hTHP. These results demonstrate for the first time that the species variations of the glycomoiety of THP can lead to the differential binding of THP to type 1-fimbriated E. coli and that the differences in high mannose processing may reflect species-specific adaptation of urinary defenses against E. coli infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cavallone
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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La Ragione RM, Woodward MJ. Virulence factors of Escherichia coli serotypes associated with avian colisepticaemia. Res Vet Sci 2002; 73:27-35. [PMID: 12208104 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(02)00075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current understanding of the pathogenesis of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in colisepticaemia is limited. This review discusses putative virulence determinants per se, such as a number of surface organelles including fimbriae and flagella; together with other factors such as iron sequestering mechanisms, which are involved in the survival of E. coli in the host rather than initiation of infection. It is concluded that avian colisepticaemia is a multi-factorial disease and that to date only a limited number of virulence factors of APEC have been thoroughly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M La Ragione
- Department of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
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da Rocha ACGP, da Silva AB, de Brito ABG, Moraes HLDS, Pontes AP, Cé MC, do Nascimento VP, Salle CTP. Virulence Factors of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Broilers from the South of Brazil. Avian Dis 2002; 46:749-53. [PMID: 12243546 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0749:vfoape]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-three Escherichia coli strains isolated from broilers with respiratory problems were examined for virulence factors, hemolysin synthesis ability, motility, hemagglutination capacity, operon pap presence, colicin production, and serum resistance. The capacity to hemagglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes was found in 53 (84.1%) of the samples, but only 30 (47.6%) agglutinated chicken erythrocytes. D-mannose-sensitive hemagglutination against guinea pig erythrocytes was found in 19 (30.2%) samples and against chicken erythrocytes, in 15 (23.8%) samples, whereas the D-mannose-resistant hemagglutination with guinea pig erythrocytes was found in 34 (54%) samples, and 13 of these (20.6%) showed this characteristic against chicken erythrocytes. Operon pap, P fimbria codifier, was detected in 26 samples in a total of 34 D-mannose-resistant samples. Colicin production was observed in 55 (87.3%) of the strains, and 41.8% presented V colicin production. Of the samples analyzed, 56 (88.9%) presented serum resistance, six (9.5%) were intermediate, and only one (1.6%) was sensitive to the action of the complement. The diversity of virulence profiles detected in the samples in this study explains in part the multifactorial characteristics of avian colibacillosis.
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Tóth I, Oswald E, Mainil J, Awad-Masalmeh M, Nagy B. Porcine postweaning diarrhea isolates of Escherichia coli with uropathogenic characters. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2001; 485:331-3. [PMID: 11109125 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46840-9_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Tóth
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Tóth I, Oswald E, Mainil JG, Awad-Masalmeh M, Nagy B. Characterization of intestinal cnf1+ Escherichia coli from weaned pigs. Int J Med Microbiol 2000; 290:539-42. [PMID: 11100828 DOI: 10.1016/s1438-4221(00)80019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli isolated from 204 cases of porcine postweaning diarrhoea were tested by PCR for the genes of cytotoxic necrotic factors (CNF) and of cytolethal dystending toxin (CDT). Selected strains were also examined by PCR for the presence of papC-, sfa-, f17-, f18-, and afa-specific sequences encoding P, S, F17, F18 fimbriae and afimbrial adhesins. A 5.9% (12/204) of the strains had cnf1 gene, and two of them had cdt gene as well. Further six cdt+ strains were detected which were cnf-negative. Most of the cnf1+ strains belonged to serogroups O2, O6, O8, O54 characteristic of necrotoxic E. coli (NTEC) of humans. All the cnf1+ strains possessed the genes for P or S fimbriae or both, but were negative for F4, F17, or F18 or afimbrial adhesins. Results suggest that these enteric isolates may have entero- and/or uropathogenic significance in weaned pigs, and may have zoonotic potential for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tóth
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
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