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Wijesena HR, Keel BN, Nonneman DJ, Cushman RA, Lents CA. Clustering of multi-tissue transcriptomes in gilts with normal cyclicity or delayed puberty reveals genes related to pubertal development†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:261-274. [PMID: 37870496 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In gilts, puberty is marked by standing estrus in the presence of a boar. Delayed puberty (DP; failure to display pubertal estrus) is a major reason for gilt removal. To investigate the physiological determinants underlying DP in gilts, transcriptomic data from tissues relevant to estrus and puberty, such as mediobasal hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, ovarian cortex, olfactory bulb, amygdala, and hippocampus, were obtained from age-matched DP (n = 8) and cyclic control gilts at follicular phase (n = 8) and luteal phase (n = 8) of the estrous cycle. A gene expression module analysis via three-way gene × individual × tissue clustering using tensor decomposition identified pituitary and ovary gene modules contributing to regulation of pubertal development. Analysis of gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis identified reduced expression of hypothalamic genes critical for stimulating gonadotropin secretion (KISS1 and TAC3) and reduced expression of LHB in the anterior pituitary of DP gilts compared with their cyclic counterparts. Consequently, luteinizing hormone-induced genes in the ovary important for folliculogenesis (OXTR, RUNX2, and PTX3) were less expressed in DP gilts. Other intrafollicular genes (AHR, PTGS2, PTGFR, and IGFBP7) and genes in the steroidogenesis pathways (STAR and CYP11A1) necessary to complete the ovulatory cascade were also less expressed in DP gilts. This is the first clustering of multi-tissue expression data from DP and cyclic gilts to identify genes differentially expressed in gilts of similar ages but at different levels of sexual development. A critical lack of gonadotropin support and reduced ovarian responsiveness underlie DP in gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brittney N Keel
- USDA, ARS, US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Dan J Nonneman
- USDA, ARS, US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA
| | | | - Clay A Lents
- USDA, ARS, US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA
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Abstract
In this study, differential mRNA expression patterns of prolactin receptor (PRLR) in the hypothalamus and gonads, and the correlation with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in striped hamster serum from spring, summer, autumn and winter were analyzed. Mature female and male striped hamsters in oestrus were used. Expression levels of PRLR in the hypothalamus, ovaries and testis from the summer and winter individuals were significantly higher compared with levels from the spring and autumn, whereas FSH and LH serum concentrations from summer and winter individuals were significantly lower compared with that from the spring and autumn. PRLR expression levels in hypothalamus, ovaries and testis were negatively correlated with FSH and LH serum concentrations, illustrating that PRLR might negatively regulate seasonal reproductive activity. PRLR expression levels in ovaries and testes were significantly higher compared with levels in the hypothalamus, suggesting that the regulative effects of PRLR in gonads might be significantly higher compared with that in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, PRLR expression levels from the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons in the hypothalamus and gonads were significantly higher in females compared with levels in males, indicating that the regulative effect of PRLR might be sex dependent. Taken together, this study helps to understand in depth the seasonal regulative reproduction mechanism of striped hamsters to reasonably control population abundance.
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Pituitary Gonadotropins, Prolactin and Growth Hormone Differentially Regulate AQP1 Expression in the Porcine Ovarian Follicular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010005. [PMID: 29267208 PMCID: PMC5795957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present in vitro study analyzed whether the hormones that affect the ovarian follicular steroidogenesis process also participate in the regulation of AQP1 mRNA and protein expression. Granulosa (Gc) and theca cells (Tc) of medium and large porcine ovarian follicles were exposed to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) for 24 h in separated cells and co-cultures of these cells. Real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and volumetric analysis were then performed. Gonadotropins, PRL and GH had a stimulatory impact on AQP1 mRNA and protein expression in Gc and Tc of medium and large ovarian cells. Moreover, swelling assays, in response to a hypotonic environment, demonstrated the functional presence of AQPs in porcine Gc and Tc. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that AQP1 protein was mainly localized in the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm, endosomes and cell membranes of Gc and Tc from medium and large follicles. It seems possible that AQP1 present in Gc and Tc cells may be implicated not only in the regulation of water homeostasis required for follicle development but also in cell proliferation and migration.
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Ginther OJ, Baldrighi JM, Castro T, Wolf CA, Santos VG. Concentrations of progesterone, a metabolite of PGF2α, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone during development of idiopathic persistent corpus luteum in mares. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 55:114-22. [PMID: 26808976 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In experiment 1, daily blood samples were available from Days 0 to 20 (Day 0 = ovulation) in mares with an interovulatory interval (IOI, n = 5) and in mares that developed idiopathic persistent corpus luteum (PCL, n = 5). The PCL was confirmed by maintenance of progesterone (P4) concentration until end of the experiment (Day 20). Significant interactions of group and day revealed the novel findings that luteinizing hormone (LH) was lower (P < 0.05) in the PCL group than that in the IOI group on Days 0 to 4, and prolactin was lower (P < 0.05) on Days 1, 4, 6, and 7. In experiment 2, treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (n = 6) significantly reduced LH on Days 1 to 6 compared with the controls (n = 6) but did not support the hypothesis that low LH during the postovulatory period increases the frequency of PCL. In experiment 3, P4, PGFM (a PGF2α metabolite), and prolactin concentrations on Days 12 to 20 from 2 reported experiments were combined to increase the number of mares with an IOI (n = 11) or a PCL (n = 11). An abrupt and complete decrease in P4 (luteolysis) began on Day 13 in the IOI group compared with a gradual and partial P4 decline after Day 12 in the PCL group. Concentrations of PGFM and prolactin were lower (P < 0.05) in the PCL group than those in the IOI group on the day at the end of the most pronounced decrease in P4. The PCL mares were subgrouped into those with an abrupt but incomplete P4 decrease (partial luteolysis; n = 5) at the expected time and those without partial luteolysis (n = 6). There were no significant differences between the 2 subgroups in concentrations of PGFM and prolactin, but on a tentative basis (P < 0.10), the concentration of PGFM seemed more focused on the day of the most pronounced decrease in P4 in the subgroup with partial luteolysis. Results for PCL compared with IOI indicated (1) postovulatory LH and prolactin were lower, (2) treatment to reduce postovulatory LH did not increase the incidence, and (3) both PGFM and prolactin were lower on the day of the most pronounced decrease in P4.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - J M Baldrighi
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - T Castro
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - C A Wolf
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia-DF, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - V G Santos
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Ginther O, Santos V, Mir R, Beg M. Role of LH in the progesterone increase during the bromocriptine-induced prolactin decrease in heifers. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1969-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pinaffi F, Pugliesi G, Hannan M, Silva L, Beg M, Ginther O. Direct effect of PGF2α pulses on PRL pulses, based on inhibition of PRL or PGF2α secretion in heifers. Theriogenology 2012; 78:678-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Ginther O, Pinaffi F, Silva L, Beg M. Temporal relationships of a pulse of prolactin (PRL) to a pulse of a metabolite of PGF2α in mares. Theriogenology 2012; 77:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ginther O, Beg M. Pulses of prolactin before, during, and after luteolysis and synchrony with pulses of a metabolite of prostaglandin F2α in heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 128:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tempfli K, Farkas G, Simon Z, Bali Papp Á. Effects of prolactin receptor genotype on the litter size of Mangalica. Acta Vet Hung 2011; 59:269-77. [PMID: 21665580 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2011.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect different alleles of the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene and to examine their effects on the litter size of the indigenous Hungarian pig, the Mangalica. G1789A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was investigated as a candidate for litter size. Samples from 80 purebred Mangalica sows and data of their 335 litters were provided by Olmos & Tóth Ltd. Hair follicles were used to isolate the required DNA. Allelic discrimination was performed by means of the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method using the AluI restriction enzyme and agarose gel electrophoresis. In the population examined, the A allele was found to be preferable in the Mangalica breed group. The most advantageous AA genotype was the least prevalent (8.75%), while the frequencies of AB and BB were 40% and 51.25%, respectively. Remarkably, the average number of piglets born alive per litter was 1.11 ± 0.39 higher in sows with AA as compared to those with BB genotype. By raising the frequency of the AA genotype, the litter size is likely to increase. However, the effect of PRLR genotypes can differ among pig breeds and even lines. Further studies may be required to observe and estimate possible pleiotropic effects of this polymorphism on other traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Tempfli
- 1 University of West Hungary Institute of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences Vár 2 H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár Hungary
| | - Gergely Farkas
- 1 University of West Hungary Institute of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences Vár 2 H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár Hungary
| | - Zsolt Simon
- 1 University of West Hungary Institute of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences Vár 2 H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár Hungary
| | - Ágnes Bali Papp
- 1 University of West Hungary Institute of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences Vár 2 H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár Hungary
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Trott JF, Farley NR, Taatjes DJ, Hovey RC. Cloning and functional characterization of allelic variation in the porcine prolactin receptor. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2007; 33:313-34. [PMID: 16905289 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2006] [Revised: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) regulates various functions in pigs including reproduction, mammary development and lactation. We used 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE) to clone three full-length alleles of the porcine PRL receptor (pPRLR) from Landrace (alleles LR2 and LR4) and Yucatan miniature (MP) pigs, corresponding to the A and B alleles previously reported to be associated with reproductive traits. When expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells, all three pPRLRs transduced differentiation signals to a beta-casein promoter with the same effectiveness, where human growth hormone (hGH) and porcine PRL (pPRL) were more effective ligands than ovine PRL (oPRL). The pPRLR had a lower binding affinity for oPRL than pPRL while binding affinity for hGH was not different between the three pPRLR variants. The pPRLRs primarily localized to the cytoplasm with perinuclear concentration. In conclusion, we have cloned three allelic variants of the pPRLR and have functionally characterized these as different from the hPRLR. However, our data do not support the proposal that allelic variation of the pPRLR confers functional differences in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine F Trott
- Lactation and Mammary Gland Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, University of Vermont, 221 Terrill Hall, 570 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
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Madej A, Lang A, Brandt Y, Kindahl H, Madsen MT, Einarsson S. Factors regulating ovarian function in pigs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2005; 29:347-61. [PMID: 15998503 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 02/23/2005] [Accepted: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hormonal interactions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian-uterine axis are accountable for a normal reproduction in female pigs. It is of importance to have knowledge of estrous symptoms and hormonal profiles around ovulation. The introduction of the transrectal ultrasonography in sows has given us the possibility to study ovarian activity in conscious animals and relate the timing of estrus to ovulation. Combining this technique with measuring of several hormones like luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), inhibin, estradiol, progesterone, insulin-like growth hormone I (IGF-I), prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) metabolite, oxytocin, facilitate our knowledge about the sequence of ovarian events. Evidence suggests that activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may hamper the normal gonadotropin secretion and in consequence, the ovarian function. The metabolic status during lactation, weaning of piglets and social stress might affect onset of ovarian activity and the related estrous behavior. The role of seminal plasma, artificial insemination and presence of the boar might also be included as factors regulating the temporal kinetics of ovulation, corpus luteum development, uterine function and steroid production in the ovary. Studies using a simulated stress by means of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) administration or food deprivation are tools in understanding how the ovary is susceptible to impairment. The intention of this paper is to review current knowledge concerning the endocrine aspects of normal and stress-influenced ovarian function in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Madej
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7011, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Ciereszko R, Opalka M, Kaminska B, Górska T, Dusza L. Prolactin signalling in porcine theca cells: the involvement of protein kinases and phosphatases. Reprod Fertil Dev 2005; 15:27-35. [PMID: 12729501 DOI: 10.1071/rd02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2002] [Accepted: 12/16/2002] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that protein kinase C (PKC) and tyrosine kinases, as well as serine-threonine and tyrosine phosphatases, are involved in prolactin (PRL) signalling in theca cells harvested from porcine follicles was tested. Theca cells were incubated with PRL for 24 h to stimulate progesterone (P4) production. In addition, treatments included inhibitors of PKC and tyrosine kinases, as well as serine-threonine phosphatase inhibitor and tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. Prolactin significantly stimulated P4 production by theca cells and all inhibitors suppressed the PRL-stimulated P4 production. After incubation with PRL for 2, 5, 10 or 20 min, theca cells were homogenized and cytosolic and membrane fractions were obtained. This was followed by determination of PKC activity in partially purified subcellular fractions by measuring the transfer of 32P from [gamma-32P] adenosine triphosphatase (ATP) to histone III-S. In unstimulated porcine theca cells the major proportion of PKC activity was present in the cytosol. Incubation of cells with PRL resulted in a rapid, time-dependent increase in the amount of PKC activity in the membrane fraction. Protein kinase C activity in the membrane fraction was maximal after 10 min of cells' exposure to PRL. Protein kinase C activation was assessed also by measuring the specific association of 3H-phorbol dibutyrate (3H-PDBu) with theca cells after treatment with PRL. Prolactin significantly increased 3H-PDBu-specific binding in theca cells. In contrast to PKC, total inositol phosphate accumulation was not affected by PRL in the current study. In summary, PRL stimulated P4 production by porcine theca cells derived from large follicles. The results of the study were consistent with the hypothesis that PKC is one of the intracellular mediators of PRL action in porcine theca cells. Protein kinase C activation does not appear to occur through the action of phosphatidylinositol-dependent phospholipase C. Moreover, the involvement of tyrosine kinases, as well as tyrosine and serine-threonine phosphatases, in PRL signalling in the examined cells is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ciereszko
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
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Misztal T, Romanowicz K, Barcikowski B. Effect of prolactin infused into the third ventricle on LH secretion in follicular-phase and ovariectomized ewes. Anim Reprod Sci 2003; 75:27-37. [PMID: 12535582 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(02)00231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study tested a hypothesis that an acute enhancement of prolactin concentration within the central nervous system (CNS) would affect the LH secretion in ewes, depending on the level of endogenous estrogens in the organism. A 3-h long intracerebroventricular (icv.) infusion of ovine prolactin was made in late follicular-phase ewes, experiment 1, and in ovariectomized (OVX) ewes (experiment 2). No significant differences were found in mean LH concentrations and LH peak number before, during and after prolactin administration (50 microg/100 microl/h) in intact cyclic ewes. No diurnal rhythm in LH was detected in prolactin-infused ewes. From the two doses of prolactin used in OVX ewes (25 and 50 microg/100 microl/h) only the lower dose suppressed significantly the mean plasma LH concentration after the infusion, compared to those noted before (P < 0.01) and during (P < 0.001) prolactin treatment. Prolactin had no effect on LH pulse frequency in OVX ewes, however, a tendency to decrease in LH peak number was observed after administration of a lower dose. Plasma prolactin levels decreased significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) after the icv. infusion in all groups, indicating a high degree of effectiveness for exogenous prolactin at the level of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Misztal
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, n Warsaw, Poland.
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