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Gupta P, Johnson P, Kaushik K, Krishna K, Nandi S, Mondal S, Nikhil Kumar Tej J, Somoskoi B, Cseh S. Effect of retinol as antioxidant on the post-thaw viability and the expression of apoptosis and developmental competence-related genes of vitrified preantral follicles in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1446-1455. [PMID: 34449946 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of supplementation of retinol in the vitrification solution on the viability, apoptosis and development-related gene expression in vitrified buffalo preantral follicles. Preantral follicles isolated from cortical slices of ovaries were randomly assigned into three groups: Group1-Control fresh preantral follicles; Group 2-Vitrification treatment (Vitrification solution 1 (VS1) -TCM-199 + 25 mM HEPES + Foetal bovine serum (FBS) 10%, Ethylene glycol (EG): 10%, Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO): 10%, Sucrose-0.3 M for 4 min; VS2- TCM-199 + 25 mM HEPES + FBS10%, EG:25%, DMSO: 25%, Sucrose:0.3 M for 45 s); Group3-vitrification treatment +5 μM of Retinol. Preantral follicles were placed in corresponding vitrification medium and plunged into liquid nitrogen (-196°C). After a week, the follicles were thawed and analysed for follicular viability and gene expression. There was no significant difference in the viability rates among the Group 1(Fresh preantral follicles) (91.46 ± 2.39%), Group 2 (89.59 ± 2.46%) and Group 3 (87.19 ± 4.05%). There was a significantly (p < .05) higher mRNA expression of BCL2L1, GDF-9 and BMP-15 in the vitrification + retinol group compared with the control group. There was a significantly (p < .05) higher expression of Caspase-3 and Annexin-5 in the vitrification group and Vitrification + retinol group compared with control group of follicles. It is concluded that the supplementation of 5 μM of Retinol in Vitrification solution was an efficient vitrification procedure for the vitrification of buffalo preantral follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Psp Gupta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - P Johnson
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - K Kaushik
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - K Krishna
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Nandi
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Mondal
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - J Nikhil Kumar Tej
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - B Somoskoi
- Department and Clinic of Obstetrics & Reproduction, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Cseh
- Department and Clinic of Obstetrics & Reproduction, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Azari-Dolatabad N, Raes A, Pavani KC, Asaadi A, Angel-Velez D, Van Damme P, Leroy JLMR, Van Soom A, Pascottini OB. Follicular fluid during individual oocyte maturation enhances cumulus expansion and improves embryo development and quality in a dose-specific manner. Theriogenology 2021; 166:38-45. [PMID: 33684781 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of supplementation of different concentrations of bovine follicular fluid (FF) during in vitro maturation (IVM) on oocyte development and blastocyst quality in group and individual culture conditions. To do so, in vitro maturation medium (TCM-199 with 20 ng/mL epidermal growth factor and 50 μg/mL gentamycin) was supplemented with 0 (control), 1, 5, or 10% of FF. Follicular fluid was collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, selecting follicles between 12 and 20 mm in diameter. Oocytes were either produced in groups or individually matured, fertilized, and cultured to the blastocyst stage, allowing for separate follow-up of each oocyte. Development (cleavage and blastocyst rates) among experimental groups were fitted in mixed-effects models, and blastocyst quality parameters (assessed via differential apoptotic staining) were evaluated in mixed linear regression models. We also assessed the cumulus expansion (prior and after maturation) for individual culture conditions, and their difference was fitted in mixed linear regression models. The FF was collected from two batches, with an estradiol/progesterone ratio higher than 1. The FF batch did not affect the development or blastocyst quality in group or individual culture conditions (P > 0.05). In group culture, development was similar among experimental groups (P > 0.05). Five or 10% of FF supplementation improved (P ˂ 0.05) aspects of blastocyst quality such as total cell numbers (TCN), trophectoderm (TE), inner cell mass (ICM), and ICM/TCN and apoptotic cells/TCN ratio in comparison to control. In the individual culture system, 5% FF supplementation increased (P ˂ 0.05) day 8 blastocyst rate (33 ± 3.4% (LSM ± SE)) in comparison to control (20 ± 2.7%) and 1% FF supplementation (19 ± 2.6%) but it was not different (P > 0.05) from 10% FF supplementation (28 ± 3.4%). Five percent of FF supplementation resulted in greater TCN, ICM, and ICM/TCN than control (P ˂ 0.05). It also resulted in a greater expansion of cumulus cell investment than the other groups (P ˂ 0.05), with a 3-fold increase compared to control. In conclusion, 5% of FF supplementation during IVM improved the cumulus expansion and the blastocyst development and quality in an individual culture system. However, FF supplementation during maturation in a group culture system did not increase development, but it modestly improved some embryo quality aspects when 5 or 10% of FF was added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Azari-Dolatabad
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Annelies Raes
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Pavani
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Anise Asaadi
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Daniel Angel-Velez
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Research Group in Animal Sciences - INCA-CES, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Petra Van Damme
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Center, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Center, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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3
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Banliat C, Dubuisson F, Corbin E, Beurois J, Tomas D, Le Bourhis D, Salvetti P, Labas V, Mermillod P, Saint-Dizier M. Intraoviductal concentrations of steroid hormones during in vitro culture changed phospholipid profiles and cryotolerance of bovine embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:661-672. [PMID: 30950150 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), and cortisol (CO) at intraoviductal concentrations on bovine embryo development and quality in vitro. After fertilization of in vitro matured oocytes, zygotes were cultured for 8 days in synthetic oviductal fluid, supplemented with 55 ng/ml P4, 120 pg/ml E2, 40 ng/ml CO, or their combination (ALL). Control embryos were cultured with vehicle (0.1% ethanol). Exposure to steroids did not affect the embryo developmental rate nor the mean number of cells per blastocyst. However, at 24 hr after vitrification-warming, exposure to P4 improved the proportion of embryos that re-expanded and were viable while exposure to CO decreased the proportion of viable embryos. By intact cell MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, a total of 242 phospholipid masses of 400-1000 m/z were detected from individual fresh blastocysts. Exposure to ALL induced the highest and most specific changes in embryo phospholipids, followed by P4, E2, and CO. In particular, the m/z 546.3 and 546.4 attributed to lysophosphatidylcholines were found less abundant after exposure to P4. In conclusion, exposure of bovine embryos to intraoviductal concentrations of steroid hormones did not affect in vitro development but changed blastocyst quality in terms of cryotolerance and phospholipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Banliat
- Plate-forme de Chirurgie et d'Imagerie pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement (CIRE), Pôle d'Analyse et d'Imagerie des Biomolécules (PAIB), INRA, CHRU de Tours, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France.,UMR PRC, INRA 85, CNRS 7247, University of Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Florine Dubuisson
- UMR PRC, INRA 85, CNRS 7247, University of Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Emilie Corbin
- UMR PRC, INRA 85, CNRS 7247, University of Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Julie Beurois
- UMR PRC, INRA 85, CNRS 7247, University of Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Daniel Tomas
- Plate-forme de Chirurgie et d'Imagerie pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement (CIRE), Pôle d'Analyse et d'Imagerie des Biomolécules (PAIB), INRA, CHRU de Tours, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - Valérie Labas
- Plate-forme de Chirurgie et d'Imagerie pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement (CIRE), Pôle d'Analyse et d'Imagerie des Biomolécules (PAIB), INRA, CHRU de Tours, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France.,UMR PRC, INRA 85, CNRS 7247, University of Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Mermillod
- UMR PRC, INRA 85, CNRS 7247, University of Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marie Saint-Dizier
- UMR PRC, INRA 85, CNRS 7247, University of Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France.,University of Tours, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Tours, France
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Bravo Z, Valdivia M. Effect of Foetal Bovine Serum on sperm motility, acrosome reaction and spermatic interaction to zona pellucida in alpacas (Vicugna pacos). Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:695-699. [PMID: 29566287 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of foetal bovine serum (FBS) in cell culture media is quite common. However, little is known about the effect of FBS on sperm. The severe difficulties in alpaca reproduction demand the search of new methods for in vitro reproductive management. In the present study, we use for the first time FBS as a supplement in the culture medium for sperm in alpaca, and the effect of FBS on motility, acrosome reaction and sperm binding to the zona pellucida in this species was evaluated. A concentration of 10% v/v FBS was used. The sperm motility with FBS at the first hour was 32.8% (vs. control = 30.0%), whereas at the second hour sperm motility with FBS was 30.2% (vs. control = 28.8%). The acrosome reaction reached an average of 44.0% for treatment with FBS (vs. control = 30.1%). The sperm-zona pellucida binding assay showed that the samples incubated with FBS had an average of 2.7 bound sperm (vs. control = 1.7). Only a significant difference was observed for sperm motility at the first hour and for the acrosome reaction. It is concluded that FBS favours the capacitation of sperm in alpaca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bravo
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - M Valdivia
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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5
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H. Abd El- A, E. Mahrous U, Z. Kamel S, A. Sabek A. Factors Influencing in vitro Production of Bovine Embryos: A Review. ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND VETERINARY ADVANCES 2016; 11:737-756. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2016.737.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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6
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Ordoñez-Leon EA, Merchant H, Medrano A, Kjelland M, Romo S. Lipid droplet analysis using in vitro bovine oocytes and embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:306-14. [PMID: 24467659 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the content of lipid droplets in bovine oocytes and embryos from Bos indicus (Bi), Bos taurus (Bt) and Bos indicus × Bos taurus (Bi × Bt). Oocytes were aspirated post-mortem and subjected to in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization and in vitro development; the medium employed at each stage (TCM-199, TALP, SOF) was supplemented with (i) serum replacement (SR), (ii) foetal calf serum (FCS) or (iii) oestrous cow serum (ECS). The structure and distribution of the lipid droplets were established using electron microscopy, but were quantified using an optical microscope on semi-fine toluidine blue-stained sections. The highest percentage of embryos corresponded to those produced with FCS and ECS, which differed from embryos generated with SR (p < 0.05). The highest percentage of morulae and the lowest percentage of blastocysts were obtained with the SR supplement (p < 0.05). The oocytes cultured in FCS demonstrated a higher number of lipid droplets compared to those cultured in SR and ECS (p < 0.05). Less accumulation of lipids was observed in embryos supplemented with SR. The lowest and highest numbers of lipid droplets in oocytes corresponded to the Bi and Bt strain, respectively. The lowest amount of lipid droplets in embryos was observed in Bi (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of the in vitro development culture medium (synthetic oviduct fluid) with a synthetic substitute serum produced similar results in terms of embryo development compared to those obtained with FCS, but a decreased degree of lipid droplet accumulation was observed in the in vitro-cultured embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ordoñez-Leon
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Cuautitlán), Cuautitlan, Mexico
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7
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Lunardi FO, Araújo VR, Faustino LR, Carvalho ADA, Gonçalves RFB, Bass CS, Báo SN, Name KPO, Campello CC, de Figueiredo JR, Rodrigues APR. Morphologic, viability and ultrastructural analysis of vitrified sheep preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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8
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Carvalho A, Faustino L, Silva C, Castro S, Luz H, Rossetto R, Lopes C, Campello C, Figueiredo J, Rodrigues A, Costa A. Influence of vitrification techniques and solutions on the morphology and survival of preantral follicles after in vitro culture of caprine ovarian tissue. Theriogenology 2011; 76:933-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Tang S, Liu J, Du S, Li L, Zheng C, Zhao M, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Optimization of embryo culture conditions in the production of cloned goat embryos, following somatic cell nuclear transfer. Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Scheuerer B. Factors and methods of pig oocyte and embryo quality improvement and their application in reproductive biotechnology. Reprod Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1642-431x(12)60020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Gautam SK, Verma V, Singh B, Palta P, Singla SK, Chauhan MS, Manik RS. Effect of slow freezing on morphology and developmental competence of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) immature oocytes. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 105:311-8. [PMID: 17449204 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,2-propanediol (PROH), each used at two concentrations (1.0 and 1.5 M) on the morphology, maturation rate and developmental capacity of usable quality immature buffalo oocytes subjected to slow freezing. The addition of the cryoprotectant before freezing and its dilution after thawing were carried out in a two- (for 1.0 M) or three-step manner (for 1.5 M). The incidence of damage was found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) with the lower concentration of 1.0 M, compared to that with 1.5 M for all the three cryoprotectants examined. The proportion of immature oocytes recovered in a morphologically normal state was significantly higher (P<0.05) for DMSO than those for EG or PROH at both 1.0 and 1.5 M concentrations. Among the six combinations evaluated, that of DMSO at 1.5 M concentration was found to be superior to others. Irrespective of the type or concentration of the cryoprotectant, partial or complete loss of the cumulus mass was the most prevalent damage. Following in vitro maturation, the nuclear maturation rate was significantly higher (P<0.05) for DMSO than those for EG or PROH at both 1.0 and 1.5 M concentrations. When the in vitro matured oocytes were subjected to in vitro fertilization after slow freezing, using 1.5 M DMSO as cryoprotectant, 4.5% and 0.6% of them were able to develop to morulae and blastocysts, respectively, on Day 9 post insemination, compared to 19.2% and 10.6%, respectively, for the controls. In conclusion, DMSO was more effective than EG or PROH for the slow freezing of immature buffalo oocytes and blastocysts could be produced from immature buffalo oocytes subjected to slow freezing in 1.5 M DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Gautam
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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12
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Verma V, Gautam S, Palta P, Manik R, Singla S, Chauhan M. Development of a pronuclear DNA microinjection technique for production of green fluorescent protein-expressing bubaline (Bubalus bubalis) embryos. Theriogenology 2008; 69:655-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 09/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Faes MR, Caldas-Bussiere MC, Viana KS, Dias BL, Costa FR, Escocard RM. Nitric oxide regulates steroid synthesis by bovine antral granulosa cells in a chemically defined medium. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 110:222-36. [PMID: 18372125 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) in bovine ovary has been characterized as one of the controllers of granulosa cells' (GC) steroidogenesis and apoptosis. One of the pathways used by NO to have these effects is cGMP. The objectives of the present study were to verify the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, on steroidogenesis, cell viability (mitochondrial activity) and GC cell cycle distribution and if this effect occurs by the NO-cGMP signaling pathway with the addition of SNP with or without 1H-[1,2,3] oxadiaziolo[4,3a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ), a selective soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor. The antral GC from 3 to 5mm diameter cattle follicles was cultured without treatment (control), with ODQ (10(-4)M) and 10(-5), 10(-3) and 10(-1)M SNP with or without ODQ for 24h. Nitrate/nitrite (NO(3)(-)/N0(2)(-)) concentrations were evaluated by Griess method, progesterone (P(4)) and 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) concentrations by chemiluminescence, viability and cell cycle stage by MTT method (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,3 dipheniltetrazolium bromide) and flow cytometry, respectively. Nitrate/nitrite concentration in culture medium increased (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner according to SNP concentration added to the culture medium. The GC cultured without treatment, with ODQ and with 10(-5)M SNP in the presence or absence of ODQ developed into cell aggregates and did not vary in cell viability (P>0.05), while GC cultured with 10(-3) and 10(-1)M SNP with or without ODQ presented disorganized GC aggregates or did not develop into cell aggregates and also had substantially decreased cell viability (mitochondrial activity inhibition) and steroids synthesis (P<0.05), and effects were not reversed with us of ODQ. Most GC cultured without treatment (control) or with ODQ, 10(-5) and 10(-3)M SNP with or without ODQ were in the G0/G1 (80-75%) stage and in a lesser proportion (20-25%) in the S+G2/M stage of the cell cycle, while the 10(-1)M SNP treatment resulted in GC in G1 phase arrest. The treatment with 10(-5)M SNP increased (P<0.05) E(2) synthesis and inhibited (P<0.05) progesterone synthesis. The addition of ODQ reversed (P<0.05) the stimulatory effect of 10(-5)M SNP treatment on E(2), but not on P(4) synthesis (P>0.05). These results demonstrated that E(2) synthesis by antral GC from small follicles is modulated by lesser NO concentrations via the cGMP pathway, but not P(4) while steroids inhibition cGMP pathway independent, mitochondrial damage and the interference on cell cycle progression caused by greater NO concentration can lead to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Faes
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Melhoramento Genético Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil
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14
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Shirazi A, Moalemian Z. Ovine cumulus cells estradiol-17ß production in the presence or absence of oocyte. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 101:125-33. [PMID: 17045430 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to compare the in vitro production of estradiol-17Beta (E(2)) by cumulus cells in the presence or absence of ovine oocyte. Moreover, the relationship between the concentration of produced estradiol-17Beta and oocyte nuclear maturation was assessed. Ovaries collected from the local abattoir were transported to the laboratory in saline at 30-35 degrees C within 1-3 h after collection. The oocytes of follicles, 2-6 mm in diameter, were recovered by aspiration. The oocytes with evenly granulated cytoplasm and which were surrounded with at least three layers of cumulus cells were selected and subjected to culture in pre-incubated oocyte culture medium (OCM). Before culturing, the selected oocytes were randomly divided into five treatment groups: Group 1, cumulus enclosed oocytes cultured in OCM (Group COCs); Group 2, denuded oocytes cultured in OCM (Group D); Group 3, denuded oocytes co-cultured with a cumulus cell-monolayer in OCM (Group D+M); Group 4, denuded oocytes co-cultured with previously cultured (for 26 h) cumulus cell-monolayer (10(5) cells/ml) in refreshed OCM (Group D+M(26)); Group 5, cumulus cell-monolayer (10(5) cells/ml) cultured in OCM (Group M). After an incubation period (26 h at 38.6 degrees C, 5% CO(2) and 100% humidity), the media were collected and kept at -20 degrees C until hormonal assay. The concentration of E(2) was determined by RIA method. For assessment of nuclear status, the completely denuded oocytes were subjected to DAPI staining. The highest percentage of metaphase II (MII) stage oocytes was observed in Group N (91%) and the lowest percentage was observed in Group D (6%) and Group D+M(26) (6%). The mean production of E(2) was highest and lowest in Group D+M (378.69+/-54.34 pg/ml) and Group D+M(26) (109.15+/-8.24 pg/ml), respectively. The production of E(2) was significantly (P<0.01) higher in Group D+/-M when compared with Groups M and D+/-M(26). Regarding the nuclear maturation, the percentage of MII stage oocytes was significantly (P<0.001) higher in Group COCs compared to the other groups. The results suggest that steroidogenic activity of cumulus cells in in vitro condition can be influenced by the pattern of connection between cumulus cells and the oocyte. Moreover, the nuclear maturation of oocytes is not influenced by the different production levels of E(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shirazi
- Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran.
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15
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Verma V, Gautam SK, Singh B, Manik RS, Palta P, Singla SK, Goswami SL, Chauhan MS. Isolation and characterization of embryonic stem cell-like cells from in vitro-produced buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74:520-9. [PMID: 17034054 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to isolate and characterize buffalo embryonic stem (ES) cell-like cells from in vitro-produced embryos. Inner cell mass (ICM) cells were isolated either mechanically or by enzymatic digestion from 120 blastocysts whereas 28 morulae were used for the isolation of blastomeres mechanically. The ICM cells/ blastomeres were cultured on mitomycin-C-treated feeder layer. Primary cell colony formation was higher (P < 0.05) for hatched blastocysts (73.1%, 30/41) than that for early/expanded blastocysts (25.3%, 20/79). However, no primary cell colonies were formed when blastomeres obtained from morulae were cultured. Primary colonies were formed in 14.1% (12/85) of intact blastocyst culture, which was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of 41.6% for ICM culture. These colonies were separated by enzymatic or mechanical disaggregation. Using mechanical disaggregation method, the cells remained undifferentiated and two buffalo ES cell-like cell lines (bES1, bES2) continued to grow in culture up to eight passages. However, disassociation through enzymatic method resulted in differentiation. Undifferentiated cells exhibited stem cell morphological features, normal chromosomal morphology, and expressed specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase (AP) and Oct-4. Cells formed embryoid bodies (EBs) in suspension culture; extended culture of EBs resulted in formation of cystic EBs. Following prolonged in vitro culture, these cells differentiated into several types of cells including neuron-like and epithelium-like cells. Furthermore, the vitrified-thawed ES cell-like cells also exhibited typical stem cell characteristics. In conclusion, buffalo ES cell-like cells could be isolated from in vitro-produced blastocysts and maintained in vitro for prolonged periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Verma
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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16
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Kim DH, Park HS, Kim SW, Hwang IS, Yang BC, Im GS, Chung HJ, Seong HW, Moon SJ, Yang BS. Vitrification of Immature Bovine Oocytes by the Microdrop Method. J Reprod Dev 2007; 53:843-51. [PMID: 17460392 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.18155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the optimal vitrification conditions for immature bovine oocytes using the microdrop method. In experiment 1, the optimal pre-equilibration period for microdrop vitrification was examined. The maturation rate of vitrified oocytes with a 3 min first pre-equilibration period (41.1%) was higher than that of vitrified oocytes with a 0 min first pre-equilibration period (21.4%), and the values of those with a 1 (33.9%) or 5 min (27.4%) first pre-equilibration period were intermediate. The value for a 1 min second pre-equilibration period (44.4%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those for a 0.5 (28.6%) and 2 min (21.4%) second pre-equilibration period. In experiment 2, the distribution of microtubules in matured oocytes was investigated. There was no difference among the first pre-equilibration times in terms of the rates of normal spindles in vitrified oocytes. However, this value was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the 1 min group (52.8%) compared with the 0.5 (16.7%) and 2 min groups (12.3%). In experiment 3, we investigated the developmental capacity of immature bovine oocytes vitrified under optimal pre-equilibration conditions (3 min and 1 min for the first and second pre-equilibrations, respectively). Although the total fertilization rates were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the vitrified oocytes (65.6%) compared with the control oocytes (92.4%), there was no difference in the rate of normal fertilization (2PN) between the vitrified (78.6%) and control (82.0%) oocytes. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were significantly lower (P<0.05) in vitrified oocytes (55.7 and 2.3%) than in control oocytes (84.4 and 34.7%). Thus, these results indicated that immature bovine oocytes can survive after microdrop vitrification and subsequently can be cultured to mature oocytes capable of undergoing fertilization in vitro and developing into blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Kim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea.
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17
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Oliveira ATD, Lopes RFF, Rodrigues JL. Gene Expression and Developmental Competence of Bovine Embryos Produced In Vitro with Different Serum Concentrations. Reprod Domest Anim 2006; 41:129-36. [PMID: 16519718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the developmental rates and relative abundance of Hsp 70.1 and Glut-1 transcripts in in vivo- and in vitro-produced (IVP) bovine embryos in media supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or different oestrous cow serum concentrations. In experiment 1, in vitro maturation and culture media were supplemented with 0.4% BSA or 1, 5, 10 or 20% of oestrous cow serum (ECS). The analysis of the expression of Hsp 70.1 and Glut-1 was carried out in individual days 7 and 8 embryos by a semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. In experiment 2, in vivo-produced morulae were collected on day 7 of the oestrous cycle and employed for the comparison of the relative abundances of Hsp 70.1 and Glut-1 transcripts with IVP morulae produced using two protein sources (10% ECS or 0.4% BSA). No differences were observed in cleavage rate among groups, but blastocyst formation (27%) and hatching rates (78%) were significantly higher in IVP embryos produced with 20% ECS than the other groups (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the relative abundances of Hsp 70.1 and Glut-1 mRNA in days 7 and 8 blastocysts expanded blastocysts between groups. The abundances of mRNA for those genes were similar between IVP and in vivo-produced morulae. In spite of the alterations observed in embryonic development, the presence of serum at distinct concentrations did not appear to alter the relative abundance profiles of Hsp 70.1 and Glut-1 compared with controls or the BSA supplementation to the IVP media.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T D Oliveira
- Embryology and Biotechnology of Reproduction Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Bento Goncalves, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
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18
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Purohit GN, Brady MS, Sharma SS. Influence of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 on nuclear maturation and fertilization of buffalo cumulus oocyte complexes in serum free media and their subsequent development in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci 2005; 87:229-39. [PMID: 15911173 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2003] [Revised: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro maturation, fertilization and development of Indian water buffalo (Bubalus sp.) cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) to blastocysts were studied during culture, either in serum free tissue culture medium 199 (TCM 199) or Waymouth MB (WM). Based on different supplements added to these media, the experimental groups included: (a) no supplement (control); (b) hormones (FSH, LH and oestradiol) (c) Epidermal growth factor (EGF); (d) IGF-1; and (e) EGF + IGF-1. Experiments were conducted to note three end points: (1) nuclear maturation 24 h after culture (eight replicates); (2) fertilization 24 h after insemination (10 replicates); (3) development to blastocysts (nine replicates). The oocytes were cultured in groups of up to five per drop. Using a two-way (5 x 2) factorial model with interactions, the results were compared using generalized linear models with binomial errors and the logit link function. In experiment 1, the proportion of oocytes reaching metaphase II was higher for all the supplement treatments than the control treatment (t = 3.68, p < 0.0001). The proportion of oocytes reaching metaphase II was 74.7, 63.2, 64.7 and 81% with hormone (chi2 = 17.23, p < 0.0001), EGF (chi2 = 7.07, p = 0.007), IGF-1 (chi2 = 19.21, p = 0.002) and EGF + IGF-1 (chi2 = 33.04, p < 0.0001) supplementation, respectively, compared to 46.6% in the control (no supplement) group. Media did not have an effect on outcome. In experiment 2, the proportion of oocytes fertilized was significantly higher with hormones (31.0%, chi2 = 12.5, p = 0.0004), IGF-1 (35.7%, chi2 = 20.53, p < 0.0001), and the EGF + IGF-1 combination (49.7%, chi2 = 51.35, p < 0.0001) compared to control (16.2%). No significant effect of media was seen. In experiment 3, the proportion of oocytes that cleaved at 48 h after culturing was significantly higher for all supplement treatments compared to control. IGF-1 supplementation was the only treatment that did not produce a significantly higher rate of progression to blastocysts compared to the control. Once again, media had no effect on outcome. It was concluded that maturation, fertilization and development of buffalo oocytes were enhanced by all supplements tested. Enhancement was maximal with the combination of EGF+IGF-1. In contrast, no significant differences were found between the two types of media used.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Purohit
- Department of Animal Reproduction Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India.
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19
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Wang S, Panter KE, Gaffield W, Evans RC, Bunch TD. Effects of steroidal glycoalkaloids from potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) on in vitro bovine embryo development. Anim Reprod Sci 2005; 85:243-50. [PMID: 15581508 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2003] [Revised: 05/20/2004] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Solanine and alpha-chaconine are two naturally occurring steroidal glycoalkaloids in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), and solanidine-N-oxide is a corresponding steroidal aglycone. The objective of this research was to screen potential cyto-toxicity of these potato glycoalkaloids using bovine oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization techniques and subsequent embryonic development as the in vitro model. A randomized complete block design with four in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) treatments (Experiment 1) and four in vitro embryo culture (IVC) treatments (Experiment 2) was used. In Experiment 1, bovine oocytes (n=2506) were matured in vitro in medium supplemented with 6 microM of alpha-solanine, alpha-chaconine, solanidine-N-oxide or IVM medium only. The in vitro matured oocytes were then subject to routine IVF and IVC procedures. Results indicated that exposure of bovine oocytes to the steroidal glycoalkaloids during in vitro maturation inhibited subsequent pre-implantation embryo development. Potency of the embryo-toxicity varied between these steroidal glycoalkaloids. In Experiment 2, IVM/IVF derived bovine embryos (n=2370) were cultured in vitro in medium supplemented with 6 microM of alpha-solanine, alpha-chaconine, solanidine-N-oxide or IVC medium only. The results showed that the pre-implantation embryo development is inhibited by exposure to these glycoalkaloids. This effect is significant during the later pre-implantation embryo development period as indicated by fewer numbers of expanded and hatched blastocysts produced in the media containing these alkaloids. Therefore, we conclude that in vitro exposure of oocytes and fertilized ova to the steroidal glycoalkaloids from potatoes inhibits pre-implantation embryo development. Furthermore, we suggest that ingestion of Solanum species containing toxic amounts of glycoalkaloids may have negative effects on pre-implantation embryonic survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- US Sheep Experiment Station, USDA-ARS, Dubois, ID 83423, USA.
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20
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Nam DH, Lee SH, Kim HS, Lee GS, Jeong YW, Kim S, Kim JH, Kang SK, Lee BC, Hwang WS. The role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its receptor in development of porcine preimplantation embryos derived from in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology 2005; 63:190-201. [PMID: 15589284 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2003] [Revised: 03/30/2004] [Accepted: 04/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the expression of embryo-derived gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its receptor, and to determine the role of GnRH in porcine preimplantation embryos. In Experiment 1, porcine blastocysts derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) and cultured in North Carolina State University (NCSU)-23 medium were subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification with specific primers for GnRH and its receptor. The results showed that GnRH and its receptor were expressed in porcine IVF blastocysts. In order to investigate the role of GnRH in embryo development, porcine IVF embryos were cultured in NCSU-23 supplemented with different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, or 10 microM) of a GnRH agonist (leuprolide, Experiment 2) or GnRH antagonist (antide, Experiment 3). Supplementing the culture medium with 0.1 or 1 microM leuprolide increased the rate of blastocyst formation (28.5 or 27.6% versus 20.2%) and mean total cell number (129 versus 104) compared to the control group. In contrast, antide significantly decreased the rate of blastocyst formation [12.6% (0.1 microM), 10.2% (1.0 microM), or 8.9% (10.0 microM) versus 22.8% (control)] and total cell number [69 (1 microM) or 68 (10 microM) versus 104 (control)]. In Experiment 4, porcine IVF embryos were cultured in NCSU-23 medium containing 1 microM antide plus 1 microM leuprolide. The embryotrophic effect of GnRH agonist was reversed by co-supplementing with GnRH antagonist. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that supplementing a culture medium with GnRH agonist can improve blastocyst formation and the quality of porcine IVF embryos, and that this action was mediated through GnRH receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Nam
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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21
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Kim HS, Lee GS, Hyun SH, Lee SH, Nam DH, Jeong YW, Kim S, Kang SK, Lee BC, Hwang WS. Improved in vitro development of porcine embryos with different energy substrates and serum. Theriogenology 2004; 61:1381-93. [PMID: 15036970 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2003] [Revised: 08/02/2003] [Accepted: 08/05/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of replacing 5.5 mM glucose in North Carolina State University (NCSU)-23 medium with 0.5 mM pyruvate/5.0 mM lactate on porcine IVF embryo development was investigated in Experiment 1. Culturing embryos with pyruvate/lactate for 7 days or with pyruvate/lactate from Days 0 to 2, and then glucose from Days 2 to 7 improved cleavage rates. In Experiment 2, embryos were cultured for 7 days in pyruvate/lactate containing NCSU-23 medium supplemented with 0.05% PVA, 0.4% BSA or 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The BSA supplement increased the rates of cleavage, blastocyst formation, and the number of total cells in blastocysts. In Experiment 3, embryos were cultured in pyruvate/lactate containing NCSU-23 medium supplemented with 0.4% BSA for 7 days (BSA-PL), 0.4% BSA from Days 0 to 4 and then 10% FBS from Days 4 to 7 (BSA-PL-->F ) or 0.4% BSA from Days 0 to 7 with addition of 10% FBS (BSA-PL + F ) at Day 4. More blastocysts in BSA-PL--> F and hatching or hatched blastocysts in BSA-PL-->F and BSA-PL+F were obtained. Total cell number in blastocysts derived from BSA-PL-->F and BSA-PL+F were increased. Our results demonstrated that supplementing pyruvate/lactate containing NCSU-23 medium with 0.4% BSA for 4 days and replacing it with 10% FBS for another 3 days improved porcine IVF embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-soo Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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22
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Rodriguez KF, Farin CE. Developmental capacity of bovine cumulus oocyte complexes after transcriptional inhibition of germinal vesicle breakdown. Theriogenology 2004; 61:1499-511. [PMID: 15036980 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2002] [Accepted: 08/28/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oocytes cultured in the presence of FSH and the transcriptional inhibitor, 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), remain in meiotic arrest at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage. The objectives of this study were to assess the kinetics of maturation and the developmental capacity of bovine cumulus oocyte complexes (COC) following release from prolonged meiotic arrest by DRB. In Experiment I, COC were cultured for 20 h in Tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 supplemented with 10% estrus cow serum (ECS), 5 microg/ml FSH and 1 microg/ml estradiol in the presence of 120 microM DRB. COC were then released from meiotic arrest and cultured for 20 h in DRB-free medium. CONTROL COC were cultured for 20 h in DRB-free medium, with culture initiated concomitant to the release of DRB-treated COC from meiotic arrest. Nuclear maturation was assessed after 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 h of culture in DRB-free medium. The proportion of DRB-arrested oocytes reaching metaphase II (MII) following 20 h culture in DRB-free medium was not significantly different from controls ( 96+/-4% versus 99+/-4%). In Experiment II, COC were cultured for 20 h in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% ECS, 10 microg/ml LH, 5 microg/ml FSH, and 1 microg/ml estradiol in the presence or absence of 120 microM DRB. COC in the DRB-treated group were then washed and matured coincident with a second group of control COC for 20 h in DRB-free medium. COC in both groups were fertilized and then randomly assigned to one of two culture systems: TCM-199 + 10%ECS or mSOF + 0.6% fatty acid-free BSA. Development was assessed at 72 h post insemination (hpi), 168 hpi (Day 7) and 216 hpi (Day 9). In this experiment, culture with DRB-arrested oocyte maturation at the GV stage (DRB, 85+/-3% GV; CONTROL, 2+/-3% GV; P<0.001 ). Following release from arrest, maturation and fertilization, the proportion of COC that cleaved by 72 hpi was decreased by treatment with DRB (DRB: 78+/-3% versus CONTROL 90+/-3%; P<0.05). However, no effect of DRB was found on the proportion of cleaved zygotes that reached the blastocyst stage on either Day 7 or Day 9 of culture (Day 7: DRB 16+/-2% versus CONTROL, 21+/-2%; Day 9: DRB 23+/-3% versus CONTROL, 31+/-3%). More embryos reached the blastocyst stage in the TCM-199/serum culture system compared to the mSOF/BSA system on both Days 7 and 9 (Day 7: TCM-199, 23+/-2% versus mSOF, 13+/-2%, P<0.05; Day 9: TCM-199, 32+/-3% versus mSOF, 22+/-3%, P<0.05 ). In summary, bovine COC maintained in meiotic arrest for 20 h by culture in the presence of the transcriptional inhibitor DRB retained their capacity to develop to the blastocyst stage after fertilization in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Rodriguez
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Box 7621, 231 B Polk Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, USA
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Camargo L, Sá W, Ferreira A, Viana J, Araújo M. Taurina no desenvolvimento de embriões bovinos fecundados in vitro. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352002000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de taurina no desenvolvimento de embriões bovinos fecundados in vitro em meio de cultivo com diferentes fontes de soro. No experimento 1, zigotos (n=440) fecundados in vitro foram distribuídos aleatoriamente nos tratamentos com 0, 3, 7 ou 14 mM de taurina em meio de cultivo acrescido de 10% de soro fetal bovino (SFB) e 3g/l de albumina sérica bovina (BSA). No experimento 2, os zigotos (n=940) foram divididos nos tratamentos com 0, 3 ou 14 mM de taurina em meio acrescido de 10% de SFB ou 3g/l de BSA. No experimento 3, os zigotos (n=191) foram divididos nos tratamentos com 0 ou 3 mM de taurina em meio de cultivo sem fonte de soro, porém adicionado de 3 g/l de álcool polivinil. Nos experimentos 1 e 2 não se observou diferença (P>0,05) na taxa de clivagem, na produção de blastocistos e no número de células entre as concentrações de taurina avaliadas. No experimento 3 encontraram-se maior (P<0,05) taxa de clivagem (68,5% vs. 16,9%) e produção de blastocistos (8,3% vs. 0%) na presença de taurina. O cultivo de zigotos em meio adicionado de SFB produziu maior (P<0,01) taxa de blastocistos no sétimo (25,6% vs. 6,7%) e oitavo (30,8% vs. 13,9%) dia pós-fecundação e número de células/blastocistos (104,8± 2,63 vs. 84,7± 3,86) do que no cultivo com BSA, apesar de menor (P<0,01) taxa de clivagem (58,1% vs. 71,3%). Conclui-se que o efeito benéfico da taurina no desenvolvimento embrionário somente é observado na ausência de SFB e BSA. O SFB produz menor taxa de clivagem mas melhora o desenvolvimento embrionário após as primeiras divisões celulares.
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Mingoti GZ, Garcia JM, Rosa-e-Silva AAM. Steroidogenesis in cumulus cells of bovine cumulus-oocyte-complexes matured in vitro with BSA and different concentrations of steroids. Anim Reprod Sci 2002; 69:175-86. [PMID: 11812628 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(01)00187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present in vitro experiments were designed to evaluate the ability of bovine cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) to produce steroids and also to evaluate the modulatory effects of added estradiol, progesterone and testosterone on the steroidogenic activity of COCs. Considerable estradiol accumulation was observed in the control maturation medium for in vitro maturation of bovine COCs during the 24h of maturation (P<0.05). When testosterone was added to the medium at various concentrations, a slight estradiol accumulation occurred, which, however, was lower (P<0.05) than that observed in the control medium. Slight estradiol accumulation was observed in maturation medium containing progesterone at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 microg/ml, but these increases were less (P<0.05) than those observed in the control medium. However, in the presence of 1.0 microg/ml progesterone, estradiol accumulation was equal to that of the control medium (P>0.05). Progesterone accumulation (P<0.05) was observed in the control medium for in vitro maturation of bovine COCs. When estradiol was added to the maturation medium, progesterone accumulation was observed, but was significant (P<0.05) only when the medium was supplemented with the lesser concentrations of estradiol utilized in the experiment (1.0 microg/ml). The results demonstrated that (1) cumulus cells of bovine COCs are able to secrete estradiol and progesterone in culture systems for in vitro maturation, and this steroidogenesis is modulated by the steroids progesterone, testosterone and estradiol, and (2) the addition of estradiol to the in vitro maturation medium of bovine oocytes should be reviewed, since cumulus cells of COCs have been demonstrated to secrete estradiol in the maturation medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Z Mingoti
- Department of Animal Health, UNESP, P.O. Box 341, CEP 16050-680, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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25
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Abdoon AS, Kandil OM, Otoi T, Suzuki T. Influence of oocyte quality, culture media and gonadotropins on cleavage rate and development of in vitro fertilized buffalo embryos. Anim Reprod Sci 2001; 65:215-23. [PMID: 11267801 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(01)00079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the influence of oocyte quality, culture media and gonadotropins on cleavage rate and development of in vitro fertilized buffalo embryos. Three experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, oocytes were classified by number of cumulus cell layers and morphology of the ooplasm as good, fair or poor. Oocytes were cultured for IVM, IVF and IVC in CR1aa medium. In experiment 2, good quality oocytes were cultured for maturation in: (1) CR1aa; (2) CR2aa; (3) TCM-199; (4) MEM or (5) RPMI-1640, and then fertilized using frozen thawed buffalo spermatozoa in CR1aa. The oocytes were cultured in the same medium used for maturation after fertilization. In experiment 3, oocytes were classified into three groups: group (1) was without gonadotropin and serve as a control; group (2) in which IVM medium was supplemented with 10microg/ml FSH and group (3) in which IVM medium was supplemented with 10IUml(-1) eCG. In all experiments, oocytes were kept at 38.5 degrees C under 5% CO(2) for IVM, IVF, IVC and examined for cleavage and embryo development rates on days 3 and 8, respectively. Good and fair quality oocytes produced a higher cleavage rate (P<0.01) than poor quality oocytes. Morula production rate was also higher (P<0.01) for good as compared with fair quality oocytes. Embryo development with poor quality oocytes was arrested at the two to sixteen cell stage. In experiment 2, the cleavage rate was higher (P<0.05) in CR1aa than CR2aa, and higher (P<0.01) than TCM-199, MEM and RPMI-1640. The numbers of morulae and blastocysts were higher (P<0.01) for oocytes cultured in CR1aa and CR2aa media than TCM-199 or MEM. In experiment 3, the addition of FSH or eCG to the maturation medium increased (P<0.01) cleavage and developmental rates of buffalo embryo compared with control medium. In conclusion, the IVM of good quality buffalo oocytes in CR1aa or CR2aa medium and the addition of FSH or eCG in maturation medium produced higher cleavage and developmental rates of IVF buffalo embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Abdoon
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemmination [corrected], National Research Centre, Tahrir Street, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt.
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26
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Kuran M, Robinson JJ, Staines ME, McEvoy TG. Development and de novo protein synthetic activity of bovine embryos produced in vitro in different culture systems. Theriogenology 2001; 55:593-606. [PMID: 11233785 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro matured (IVM) and fertilized (IVF) putative Day 1 zygotes (Day 0 = IVF) were allocated randomly to culture in formulations based on Synthetic Oviduct Fluid (SOF) medium and identified on the basis of their contrasting principal supplements, which were 10% v/v steer serum (SS; n = 558) or 4 mg/mL crystalline BSA (SBSA; n = 531) or 3 mg/mL polyvinyl alcohol (SPVA; n = 607) in 9 replicates. SBSA and SPVA also contained 10 microg/mL non-essential amino acids, while the former was further supplemented with 20 microL/mL essential amino acids and the latter with 0.5 mmol/L sodium citrate and 5 ng/mL epidermal growth factor. Zygotes were cultured in 20 microL drops (4 zygotes per drop) until Day 8 in an atmosphere of 5% CO2, 5% O2 and 90% N2 at 39 degrees C and droplets were renewed every 48 hours. The incidence of zygote cleavage was lower (P < 0.05) in SS (mean +/- SEM = 61 +/- 3%) than in SBSA (76 +/- 3%) but not in SPVA (72 +/- 4%) up to Day 3. The SPVA generated a lower yield of blastocysts on Day 7 (12 +/- 2%; P < 0.001) and by Day 8 (21 +/- 4%; P < 0.01) than did SS (33 +/- 3%; 40 +/- 3%) and SBSA (30 +/- 3%; 37 +/- 4%). Cell numbers (n) and diameters (d) of blastocysts on Day 8 were greater (P < 0.001; Replicates 1 to 5) in embryos from SBSA (n, 156 +/- 9; d, 203 +/- 4 microm) than in those from SS (n, 81 +/- 4; d, 177 +/- 3 microm) and SPVA (n, 76 +/- 5; d, 167 +/- 3 microm). Embryos produced in SS incorporated less 3H-phenylalanine into PCA-precipitable protein (replicates 6 to 9; log10 dpm = 3.03 +/- 0.04) than did embryos cultured in SBSA (3.21 +/- 0.03; P < 0.001) or in SPVA (3.14 +/- 0.03; NS). In conclusion, blastocyst yield was poor in SPVA, but the embryos had metabolic activities similar to those of embryos produced in SBSA. Blastocyst yields from SS were not compromised but their capacity for de novo protein synthesis was reduced significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kuran
- Scottish Agricultural College, Animal Biology Division, Aberdeen, UK.
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Khurana NK, Niemann H. Effects of oocyte quality, oxygen tension, embryo density, cumulus cells and energy substrates on cleavage and morula/blastocyst formation of bovine embryos. Theriogenology 2000; 54:741-56. [PMID: 11101035 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(00)00387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Various factors, such as quality of the oocyte, oxygen tension, embryo density, and kind of energy substrate during in vitro production of embryos may affect the rate of preimplantation embryo development. In the present study we used 12553 bovine oocytes aspirated from slaughterhouse ovaries to evaluate various culture conditions that would increase in vitro production of advanced stages of preimplantation embryos. The morphological quality of the oocyte based on the compactness and number of layers of cumulus cells had significant positive effects on the rates of in vitro maturation, fertilization and development to the morula and blastocyst stages. None of the corona-enclosed or nude oocytes progressed beyond the 8- to 16-cell stage. The level of oxygen (5 or 20%) did not affect the proportion of one-cell embryos undergoing cleavage or progressing to morula and blastocyst stages. The rate of development of one-cell embryos originating from inferior quality oocytes was significantly improved when cultured in groups of 40 instead of 20 embryos per 0.5 mL medium. In the presence of cumulus cells, glucose had beneficial effects on in vitro maturation and subsequent development of IVM-IVF zygotes. The presence of serum improved the rate of in vitro development of one-cell embryos. Minimum Essential Medium supplemented with energy substrates according to the findings of metabolic studies was less effective in supporting in vitro maturation and subsequent development than TCM-199. In conclusion, morphological grading of immature oocytes is an appropriate selection criterion for their developmental ability. Embryo yields from low quality oocytes can be increased by culturing them in large groups. Serum is not essential for in vitro generation of embryos but its addition improves rates of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Khurana
- Sector-I, Government Livestock Farm, Haryana, India
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28
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Abstract
Oviductal factors may be obtained by ultrafiltration of conditioned medium, added to a simple media and used in bovine embryo culture. In this study, we aimed to analyze the development of bovine embryos produced with oviductal factors compared to those cultured in the presence of BSA or serum, the effects of glucose in presence of these protein supplements, and the ability of oviductal factors to support embryo development during the entire culture period. In vitro produced bovine zygotes from slaughterhouse ovaries were cultured in modified-synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) alone or supplemented with (1) oviductal factors, (2) BSA and (3) FCS. Oviductal factors showed embryotrophic activity, although with blastocyst rates lower than those in BSA and FCS. Glucose (1.5 mM) added at Day 2 of culture did not affect development in the presence of oviductal factors. The number of cells in expanded blastocysts was unaffected by the presence of glucose or any of the protein supplements used. Both BSA and FCS, respectively, improved blastocyst rates of Day 6 embryos produced with oviductal factors. The effect of oviductal factors was masked by the presence of BSA during the entire culture. FCS promoted an earlier appearance of blastocysts. It is concluded that the effect of glucose on in vitro embryo development depends upon the source of protein. Oviductal factors are not an appropriate supplement for embryos beyond Day 6 of culture in SOF, although blastocyst rates of such embryos may be increased by culturing them in the presence of FCS or BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gomez
- Centro de Selección y Reproducción Animal, CIATA, Consejería de Agricultura, Camino de los Claveles s/n. SOMIO, 33203, Gijon Asturias, Spain.
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Hammon DS, Wang S, Holyoak GR. Ammonia concentration in bovine follicular fluid and its effect during in vitro maturation on subsequent embryo development. Anim Reprod Sci 2000; 58:1-8. [PMID: 10700640 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(99)00069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
10 mm) to determine ammonia concentration. Ammonia concentration was greater (P<0.001) in the bFF from smaller follicles compared with bFF from larger follicles, and ammonia concentration decreased (P10 mm follicles, respectively. In Experiment 2, abattoir oocytes (n=2885) were matured in vitro in media containing ammonia at the concentrations of 0 microM (Control), 29 microM (A1), 88 microM (A2), 132 microM (A3), 176 microM (A4) and 356 microM (A5), followed by in vitro fertilization and culture. There was no difference (P0.05) in cleavage rates and morula or blastocyst development between treatments, indicating that in vitro exposure of bovine oocytes to ammonia does not adversely influence subsequent embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Hammon
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84332-5600, USA.
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Lonergan P, O'Kearney-Flynn M, Boland MP. Effect of protein supplementation and presence of an antioxidant on the development of bovine zygotes in synthetic oviduct fluid medium under high or low oxygen tension. Theriogenology 1999; 51:1565-76. [PMID: 10729083 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(99)00099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of protein supplementation of culture medium and the presence of a putative antioxidant on bovine zygote development under 5% (low) and 20% (high) O2. In Experiment 1, presumptive zygotes (n=992) were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) alone or supplemented with 3 mg/mL PVP, 3 mg/mL BSA (SOFB), and/or 10% FCS (SOFBF) in 5% CO2, 5% O2, 90% N2. In Experiment 2, zygotes (n=1916) were cultured in SOF, SOFB or SOFBF with or without taurine under high and low O2. In Experiment 1, presence of BSA or BSA plus FCS significantly increased the speed of development compared to SOF or SOF+PVP. Blastocyst quality was also improved, as evidenced by increased hatching rate and cell numbers. In Experiments 2, taurine had no effect on development irrespective of oxygen concentration or protein supplementation. In conclusion, the presence of protein in the culture medium and culture under reduced O2 significantly improved embryo development. Taurine had no effect on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lonergan
- Department of Animal Science and Production, University College Dublin, Lyons Research Farm, Newcastle, Ireland.
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