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Separation and identification of fatty acid esters of algal carotenoid metabolites in the freshwater mussel Dreissena bugensis , by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet/visible wavelength and mass spectrometric detectors in series. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1513:93-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nedbalová L, Střížek A, Sigler K, Řezanka T. Effect of salinity on the fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of five haptophyte algae from the genera Coccolithophora, Isochrysis and Prymnesium determined by LC-MS/APCI. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 130:64-76. [PMID: 27298276 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NARP-HPLC) with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) was used for separation of triacylglycerols from five strains of haptophyte algae (genera Coccolithophora, Isochrysis, and Prymnesium). This study describes the separation and identification of C18 polyunsaturated triacylglycerols containing stearidonic and octadecapentaenoic fatty acids, including their regioisomers. Salinity affects the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The biosynthesis of C18 polyunsaturated triacylglycerols was found to be very stereospecific and to depend on the salinity of cultivation media, asymmetric regioisomers predominating at low salinity (sn-OpOpSt and/or PoStSt) and symmetric ones at high salinity (sn-OpStOp and or StPoSt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nedbalová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Střížek
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sigler
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Brewer’s Yeast as a New Source of Palmitoleic Acid—Analysis of Triacylglycerols by LC–MS. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Řezanka T, Lukavský J, Siristova L, Sigler K. Regioisomer separation and identification of triacylglycerols containing vaccenic and oleic acids, and α- and γ-linolenic acids, in thermophilic cyanobacteria Mastigocladus laminosus and Tolypothrix sp. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 78:147-55. [PMID: 22445652 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Reversed phase liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/APCI-MS) was used for direct analysis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) from different strains of the cyanobacteria Mastigocladus laminosus, Tolypothrix cf. tenuis and Tolypothrix distorta. This technique enabled us to identify and quantify the specific molecular species of TAGs directly from lipid extracts of the cyanobacteria. The regioisomeric series of TAGs having α-linolenic and γ-linolenic and also oleic and cis-vaccenic acids were separated by RP-HPLC and identified by APCI-MS. M. laminosus produced only a few molecular species of TAGs, including both isomers of octadecenoic (oleic and vaccenic) acid, while T. distorta contained tens of molecular species of TAGs having FAs with up to four double bonds (stearidonic acid and including also its positional isomer, i.e. 3,6,9,12-octadecatetraenoic acid) and both positional isomers (α and γ) of linolenic acids. Individual strains of both cyanobacteria exhibited different contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (Tolypothrix sp.) and different distribution of positional isomers of monoenoic fatty acids in TAGs (M. laminosus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Rezanka T, Lukavský J, Nedbalová L, Sigler K. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus starvation on the polyunsaturated triacylglycerol composition, including positional isomer distribution, in the alga Trachydiscus minutus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:2342-2351. [PMID: 21911235 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The yellow-green alga Trachydiscus minutus (Eustigmatophyceae, Heterocontophyta) was cultivated in a standard medium and under nitrogen- and phosphorus-starvation and its triacylglycerols were analyzed by RP-HPLC/MS-APCI. The molecular species of triacylglycerols included a total of 74 triacylglycerols having at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid. Polyunsaturated triacylglycerols were identified for the first time in a yellow-green alga. N-starvation brought about a nearly 50% drop in TAGs containing EPA, and also decreased TAGs containing ARA, while P-starvation had a sizable effect on those TAGs that contain two or three arachidonic acids. In four TAGs containing PUFA, i.e. EEE, EEA, EAA and AAA, N-starvation caused a rapid fivefold increase in ARA content and the ratio of TAGs containing ARA, i.e. AEE to AAA increased tenfold relative to control. Regioisomeric characterization of triacylglycerols containing palmitic, arachidonic (ARA) and eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) showed that the proportion of positional isomers is affected by N- and P-starvation. N- and P-starvation also changed the ratio of symmetrical to asymmetrical TAGs. Positional isomers exhibited identical ratios of symmetrical and asymmetrical TAGs irrespective of the type of FAs. In control cultivation the major TAGs with a single PUFA were symmetrical ones (PEP or PAP) whose ratio to asymmetrical counterparts (PPE or PPA) was about 3:1, whereas N- and P-starvation yielded opposite ratios, 1:3-1:5. The control cultivation yielded ~90% asymmetrical TAGs with two PUFAs (i.e. PEE and PAA), whereas with N- and P-starvation the ratio of symmetrical to asymmetrical TAGs increased to 2:1 and 3:2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Rezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Hellmuth C, Uhl O, Segura-Moreno M, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B. Determination of acylglycerols from biological samples with chromatography-based methods. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3470-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hsu SY, Bartling B, Wang C, Shieu FS, Liu CC. Enzymatic determination of diglyceride using an iridium nano-particle based single use, disposable biosensor. SENSORS 2010; 10:5758-73. [PMID: 22219685 PMCID: PMC3247730 DOI: 10.3390/s100605758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A single use, disposable iridium-nano particle contained biosensor had been developed for the determination of diglyceride (DG). In this study hydrogen peroxide, formed through the enzymatic breakdown of DG via lipase, glycerol kinase and glycerol 3-phosphate oxidase, was electrochemically oxidized at an applied potential of +0.5 V versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The oxidation current was then used to quantify the diglyceride concentration. Optimum enzyme concentrations and the surfactant loading used were established for successful sensor response. Good linear performance was observed over a DG concentration range of 0 to 25 μM in phosphate buffer and bovine serum media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; E-Mails: (S.-Y.H.); (F.S.S.)
| | - Brandon Bartling
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Electronics Design Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Christina Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, 147 Goldwin Smith Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-3201, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Fuh-Sheng Shieu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; E-Mails: (S.-Y.H.); (F.S.S.)
| | - Chung-Chiun Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Electronics Design Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-216-368-2935; Fax: +1-216-368-8738
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Tomčala A, Bártů I, Šimek P, Kodrík D. Locust adipokinetic hormones mobilize diacylglycerols selectively. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 156:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gil JH, Hong JY, Jung JH, Kim KJ, Hong J. Structural determination of monoacylglycerols extracted from marine sponge by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:1264-70. [PMID: 17340569 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Five new monoacylglycerols (MAGs) were isolated from the marine sponge Stelletta sp. by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS). FAB mass spectra of these compounds produced abundant sodium-adducted molecules [M+Na]+ from a mixture of 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol and sodium iodide. The structural elucidation of these sponge MAGs was carried out by FAB tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). To find diagnostic ions for the characterization of the MAGs, authentic MAGs were initially analyzed by collision-induced dissociation (CID) MS/MS. The CID MS/MS of [M+Na]+ precursor ions resulted in the formation of numerous characteristic product ions via a series of dissociative processes. The product ions formed by charge-remote fragmentation (CRF) provided important information for the characterization of acyl chains substituted at the glycerol backbone, and product ions at m/z 84, 97, 113 and 139 were diagnostic for the sodiated glycerol backbone. On the basis of these fragmentation patterns, the structures of five MAGs extracted from marine sponge were elucidated. In addition, high-resolution mass measurement was performed to obtain the elemental compositions of the MAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Gil
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 136-723, Korea
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Peterson BL, Cummings BS. A review of chromatographic methods for the assessment of phospholipids in biological samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:227-43. [PMID: 16138296 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are important constituents of all living cell membranes. Lipidomics is a rapidly growing field that provides insight as to how specific phospholipids play roles in normal physiological and disease states. There are many analytical methods available for the qualitative and quantitative determination of phospholipids. This review provides a summary of the methods that were historically used such as thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, an introduction to applications of interfacing these traditional chromatographic techniques with mass spectrometry is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L Peterson
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, 30602-2352, USA
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Straarup EM, Porsgaard T, Mu H, Hansen CH, Høy CE. Lymphatic transport in rats of interesterified oils containing conjugated linoleic acids. Lipids 2006; 40:677-84. [PMID: 16196418 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study we examined the lymphatic transport in rats of FA after administration of interesterified oils containing CLA, with emphasis on the location of CLA and octanoic acid in the TAG. The oils were produced by enzymatic interesterification. Eight oils with different structures or FA profiles were examined in this study: MCM, CMC, OCO, and COC, where M was expected to be octanoic acid and O oleic acid. In group 1, C was CLA as a mixture of the two CLA isomers c9, t11 or t10, c12, and in group 2, C was mainly the isomer t10, c12. Rats were subjected to cannulation of the mesenteric lymph duct, and the following day they were intragastrically administered one of the oils and lymph samples were collected for 24 h. The lymphatic transport of total FA from 0 to 8 h in group 1 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the OCO-1 and the COC-1 oils than for the CMC-1 oil. Similarly, in group 2 the transport was higher for the OCO-2 oil than for the CMC-2 oil. The recovery of both of the CLA isomers examined was similar (50-70%) and independent of the isomer, oil structure, and FA profile, whereas more octanoic acid was recovered from the CMC oils than from the MCM oils. The results indicated that the FA profiles and the position of octanoic acid had only a minor influence on the absorption of CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Marie Straarup
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Group, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Cvacka J, Hovorka O, Jiros P, Kindl J, Stránský K, Valterová I. Analysis of triacylglycerols in fat body of bumblebees by chromatographic methods. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1101:226-37. [PMID: 16246355 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Revised: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) from the fat body of several bumblebee species (Bombus lucorum, B. terrestris, B. lapidarius, B. hypnorum, B. hortorum, and B. confusus) were studied using chromatographic techniques. Semi-preparative thin-layer chromatography was used to isolate the TAGs from the tissue extract. Gas chromatography (GC) enabled us to identify the fatty acids (FAs) that form bumblebee TAGs and to quantify their relative proportions. The TAGs were subsequently analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry. Two chromatographic systems, including non-aqueous reversed-phase chromatography and silver ion chromatography on cation exchange resin in silver (I) ionic form, were optimised and their performance compared. The most abundant fatty acids in bumblebees TAGs contained 18 or 16 carbon atoms; oleic acid predominated in most samples. TAGs were found to be a complex mixture of isomers; some of them, e.g. OLnO, PLnO, PoPoO, PoPoP, POO, or OOO (where Po is palmitoleic, P is palmitic, Ln is linolenic, and O is oleic acid) were abundant in particular species. The composition of both FAs and TAGs was found to be species-specific. Only minor differences were found among specimens of the same species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Cvacka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Department of Natural Products, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Mu H, Porsgaard T. The metabolism of structured triacylglycerols. Prog Lipid Res 2005; 44:430-48. [PMID: 16269186 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2005] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The triacylglycerol (TAG) structure in addition to the overall fatty acid profile is of importance when considering the nutritional effect of a dietary fat. This review aims at summarizing our current knowledge of the digestion, absorption, uptake, and transport of structured TAGs, with particular emphasis on the following aspects: gastric emptying, specificity of pancreatic lipase, lymphatic transport and clearance of chylomicrons, effects of lipid structure on tissue lipid compositions and the fecal loss of fats. So an overview will be provided for how the structure and fatty acid composition of TAGs affect their absorption and the distribution of the fatty acids in the body following digestion and absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Mu
- BioCentrum-DTU, Biochemistry and Nutrition Group, Center for Advanced Food Studies, The Technical University of Denmark, Building 224, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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Andrikopoulos NK, Chiou A, Mylona A. Triacylglycerol Species of Less Common Edible Vegetable Oils. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/fri-200033470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Xu X, Porsgaard T, Zhang H, Adler-Nissen J, Høy CE. Production of structured lipids in a packed-bed reactor with thermomyces lanuginosa
lipase. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-002-0522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Xu
- ; BioCentrum-DTU; Technical University of Denmark; Building 221 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Trine Porsgaard
- ; BioCentrum-DTU; Technical University of Denmark; Building 221 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Hong Zhang
- ; BioCentrum-DTU; Technical University of Denmark; Building 221 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jens Adler-Nissen
- ; BioCentrum-DTU; Technical University of Denmark; Building 221 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Carl-Erik Høy
- ; BioCentrum-DTU; Technical University of Denmark; Building 221 2800 Lyngby Denmark
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:225-235. [PMID: 11345053 DOI: 10.1002/jms.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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