1
|
Rudolphi A, Boos KS, Seidel D. Coupled-column HPLC analysis of free urinary catecholamines using restricted access affinity precolumn and micro-particulate nonporous silica analytical column. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02688101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
2
|
Brown RT, Kirk KL, Oliver J. Use of Ethoxy-Homologs as Internal Standards for Determination of Urinary Vanillylmandelic Acid and Normetanephrine in Man by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918608076672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Brown
- a Medical Neurology Branch , National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke , Maryland , 20205
| | - Kenneth L. Kirk
- b Laboratory of Chemistry , National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney , Diseases , Maryland , 20205
| | - Jerry Oliver
- c Laboratory of Clinical Sciences , National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , 20205
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goto M, Sakurai E, Ishii D. Dual Electrochemical Detection of Biogenic Amine Metabolites in Micro High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918308064899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
4
|
Sagar KA, Smyth MR. Simultaneous determination of levodopa, carbidopa and their metabolites in human plasma and urine samples using LC-EC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 22:613-24. [PMID: 10766378 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study levodopa (L-DOPA), carbidopa (C-DOPA) and their metabolites were resolved from other endogenous components present in human plasma and urine and determined quantitatively. The developed technique involved the use of a second pump, a switching valve, and a pre-column in the LC system in order to perform on-line sample clean-up and enrichment. This procedure is dependent on an effective removal of the many interfering matrix components that vitiate HPLC analysis. Several unknown endogenous electroactive compounds, present in plasma, were eliminated by the purification step, or suppressed by the pre-treatment or detection conditions. The analyses were separated on an Octyl-bonded reversed-phase column followed by amperometric detection using a carbon fibre microelectrode flow cell operated at +0.8 V versus silver/silver phosphate reference electrode. The cell was compatible with the mobile and the stationary phase used in the flow system without any complex surface reaction. The peak currents obtained for the different analytes were directly proportional to the analyse over the concentration range 0.02-4.0 microg ml(-1). Using this method, the minimum detectable concentration was estimated to be 5 and 8 ng ml(-1) for L-DOPA and C-DOPA, respectively. Recovery studies performed on human plasma samples ranged from 93.83 to 89.76%, with a relative standard deviation of < 6%. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were < 7%. The accuracy of the assay, which was defined as the percentage difference between the mean concentration found and the theoretical (true) concentration, was 12% or better. The electrochemical pre-treatment regime described in this work permitted a longer application of the same microelectrode. The method showed a good agreement with other available methods described in the introduction and offers the advantages of being simple, less time and labour consuming, does not require additional solvents for extraction, inexpensive and suitable for routine analysis and kinetic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Sagar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Biomedical and Environmental Sensor Technology Centre, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alvarez JC, Bothua D, Collignon I, Advenier C, Spreux-Varoquaux O. Simultaneous measurement of dopamine, serotonin, their metabolites and tryptophan in mouse brain homogenates by high-performance liquid chromatography with dual coulometric detection. Biomed Chromatogr 1999; 13:293-8. [PMID: 10416063 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0801(199906)13:4<293::aid-bmc863>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3-methoxytyramine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid and tryptophan has been developed and applied to mouse frontal cortex, caudate nucleus and dorsal raphe assays. A dual coulometric detector was used with detection at +0.25 and +0.55 V, which allowed the determination of tryptophan. Detection limits for all compounds (0.8-9.0 pg per injection, depending on the compounds) were useful for this application. Owing to great sensitivity of the method, the brain tissue samples can be very small, less than 2 mg. Linearity of standards was excellent (r > 0.999 in all cases). Intraday and interday precisions for samples analytes were generally acceptable (intraday assay CV < 8.7% and interday assay CV < 7.0% except for DOPAC and 5-HIAA, which was 11.4% for the low concentrations). Average recoveries of standard additions to sample analytes were > 90%. Attention was paid to stability of standard and sample analytes when stored at +4 degrees C or at -70 degrees C with two different homogenizing agents (0.1 M HClO4 with 10(-7) M ascorbic acid and 0.05 M HClO4 without ascorbic acid). This simple, rapid and efficient method can be used as a basic research tool for modification of brain neurotransmitters in experimental pharmacological protocols for following psychotropic drug treatments in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Alvarez
- Département de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Hôpital A. Mignot, Le Chesnay, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shirao MK, Suzuki S, Kobayashi J, Nakazawa H, Mochizuki E. Analysis of creatinine, vanilmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and uric acid in urine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 693:463-7. [PMID: 9210453 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A simultaneous determination of vanilmandelic acid, homovanillic acid, creatinine and uric acid using capillary electrophoresis was investigated. The optimum conditions of buffer concentration, pH and surfactant concentration were studied, and high resolution was obtained using a 30 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 150 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. The detection was by UV absorbance at 245 nm and the column was a fused-silica capillary of 67 cm x 75 microm I.D.. The determination of these metabolites in human urine was completed within 15 min without any interferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Shirao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Institute of Public Health, Shirokanedai Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rudolphi A, Boos KS, Seidel D. Coupled-column HPLC analysis of free urinary catecholamines using restricted access affinity precolumn and micro-particulate nonporous silica analytical column. Chromatographia 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02267798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
8
|
Cheng FC, Kuo JS. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis with electrochemical detection of biogenic amines using microbore columns. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 665:1-13. [PMID: 7795779 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) is a popular method for measuring biogenic amines, owing to its simplicity, versatility, sensitivity, and specificity. Recent developments in microbore column HPLC-ED have been facilitated by miniaturization of solvent delivery, column packing, sample injection and micro-flow cell construction. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of recent developments in microbore column HPLC-ED, in terms of advantages and limitations. This paper covers the recent advancements and important factors of HPLC-ED analysis of biogenic amines using microbore columns. Particular emphasis is placed on applying this technique to microdialysis, for which great sensitivity is required. Its potential in future biomedical applications is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F C Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Simultaneous measurement of plasma serotonin, catecholamines, and their metabolites by anin vitro microdialysis-microbore hplc and a dual amperometric detector. ELECTROANAL 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140061011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
10
|
Cheng FC, Kuo JS, Chia LG, Tsai TH, Chen CF. Rapid measurement of the monoamine content in small volumes of rat plasma. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1994; 654:177-83. [PMID: 8044278 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous measurement of serotonin, catecholamines, and their metabolites, 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, by ultrafiltration and microbore high-performance liquid chromatography with dual electrochemical detection in small plasma volumes was established. Unlike the traditional assays which require at least 1-2 ml of plasma for each measurement, the present method uses only a 20-microliters sample volume. Since blood loss is minimal, repeated blood sampling from a single animal as a rat becomes practicable. The present microassay provides low detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) for all analytes (0.2-0.5 pg per 5-microliters injection or 50-120 pg/ml plasma). Isocratic separation of these analytes on a microbore column is achieved within 15 min. This rapid and sensitive method can be used as a routine research tool in various physiological or pharmacokinetic studies especially in small animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F C Cheng
- Department of Medical Research and Geriatric Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cheng FC, Yang LL, Kuo JS, Yang MC, Yu PC. Rapid assay of the monoamine content in small volumes of rat plasma. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1994; 653:9-16. [PMID: 8012565 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)e0410-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous measurement of serotonin catecholamines, and their metabolites in rat plasma by ultrafiltration and microbore liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LC-ED) in small volumes is established. Prior to the LC assay, sixteen plasma ultrafiltrates are readily prepared within 30 min in the present study. The present method, applying a dual-electrode detection technique, provides an additional reliable assignment or measurement of peaks by identifying the peaks on the basis of their redox ratios. In addition, the important early-eluting peaks and interfering peaks are eliminated in the cathodic chromatogram resulting in a reliable measurement of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Isocratic separation of serotonin, catecholamines, and their metabolites by a microbore column is achieved within 15 min. Hence, theoretically, over 90 analyses can be performed in a working day. The limit of detection (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) of this method is ca. 0.2-0.5 pg per injection for all analytes. The required volume of the plasma samples can be less than 100 microliters. Hence, the remainder of the plasma sample can be analysed for other substances. This rapid, simple, and sensitive method can thus be used as a research tool in the simultaneous measurement of rat plasma serotonin, catecholamines, and their metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F C Cheng
- Department of Medical Research and Geriatric Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheng FC, Kuo JS, Chang WH, Juang DJ, Shih Y, Lai JS. Rapid and reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic method for analysing human plasma serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1993; 617:227-32. [PMID: 7691858 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80492-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous measurement of homovanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in human plasma by an ultrafiltration and microbore high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection technique is established. Conventional preparation of blood is very tedious and time-consuming, but isocratic separation of the analytes in plasma ultrafiltrates using a microbore column could be achieved within 10 min. Hence, theoretically, over 140 analyses can be performed in a working day. The detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) of this method is about 0.1-0.5 pg per injection for all analytes. The required volume of plasma samples can be less than 100 microliters. Hence, blood loss is minimal, especially in repeated blood sampling. This rapid, simple and sensitive method can, therefore, be used as a routine clinical tool in the simultaneous measurement of plasma homovanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F C Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng FC, Kuo JS, Shih Y, Lai JS, Ni DR, Chia LG. Simultaneous measurement of serotonin, catecholamines and their metabolites in mouse brain homogenates by high-performance liquid chromatography with a microbore column and dual electrochemical detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1993; 615:225-36. [PMID: 8335700 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A dual electrochemical detector with two working electrodes (anode and cathode) suitable for high-performance liquid chromatography with a microbore octadecylsilica column was applied for the simultaneous measurement of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 3-methoxytyramine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in mouse brain homogenates. Microbore high-performance liquid chromatography provides very good resolution of these analytes and offers selective detection of biogenic amines and their metabolites on the basis of their retention behaviour and electrochemical reversibility. The large early-eluting peak of brain homogenates was eliminated on cathodic detection, thereby providing reliable measurements of early eluates. The detection limit of this method was ca. 0.2-0.5 pg per injection for all components, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Owing to the high sensitivity, the brain tissue samples could be kept very small (less than 10 mg). Isocratic separation of these analytes was achieved within 15 min; hence over 90 analyses could be performed in a single working day. This simple, efficient and sensitive method can be used as a basic research tool for the assaying of biogenic amines and their metabolites in brain homogenates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F C Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cheng FC, Yang LL, Chang FM, Chia LG, Kuo JS. Simultaneous measurement of serotonin, catecholamines and their metabolites in cat and human plasma by in vitro microdialysis-microbore high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1992; 582:19-27. [PMID: 1491040 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous measurement of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in cat and human plasma by in vitro microdialysis-microbore high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection is described. The detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) is about 0.05-0.1 pg per injection. The volume of plasma samples required is very small (< 200 microliters), hence there is minimal blood loss in repeated blood sampling, especially in experiments using small animals. Within 15 min, a fast isocratic separation of these analytes by using a microbore reversed-phase ODS column is achieved, hence over 90 analyses can be performed in a single working day. As microdialysis per se is not destructive to plasma samples, the remaining plasma sample and perfusate can be repeatedly analysed for other substances. This simple, efficient and sensitive method can therefore be used as a routine clinical and basic research technique in the investigation of blood biogenic amines and their metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F C Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kawaguchi S, Hirachi N, Fukamachi M. New analyser for the determination of urinary vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and creatinine. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1991; 567:11-9. [PMID: 1918237 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80304-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel analyser for the determination of vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and creatinine in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography using three different types of column, cation-exchange, anion-exchange and reversed-phase and the column-switching technique. In this procedure, 10 microliters of intact urine were directly injected into the cation-exchange column, and the pass-through fraction, containing vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid was transferred to the anion-exchange column by column switching. The fraction partially purified from endogenous urinary impurities on the anion-exchange column was transferred to the reversed-phase column. Vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid, separated by the solvent-switching technique, were detected fluorimetrically (excitation at 280 nm, emission at 320 nm). Then, creatinine eluted from the cation-exchange column is spectrophotometrically detected (254 nm). Therefore the successive simultaneous analysis of the three could be performed in a 15-min cycle; the within-assay coefficients of variation for normal and patients' urines were less than 1.9%, less than 3.3% and less than 3.0% for vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and creatinine, respectively; the recoveries averaged 100, 103 and 100%, respectively, for supplemented urines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kawaguchi
- Scientific Instrument Division, Tokyo Research Center, Tosoh Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tokuda T, Tokieda T, Anazawa A, Yoshioka M. Simultaneous determination of vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and creatinine in urine by reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1990; 530:418-23. [PMID: 2079515 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Tokuda
- Central Research Laboratory, Showa Denko K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nohta H, Yamaguchi E, Ohkura Y, Watanabe H. Measurement of catecholamines, their precursor and metabolites in human urine and plasma by solid-phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence derivatization. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1989; 493:15-26. [PMID: 2778005 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination in human urine and plasma of catecholamines, their precursor and metabolites [amino compounds (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, normetanephrine, metanephrine, 3-methoxytyramine and L-DOPA), acidic compounds (3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid) and alcoholic compounds (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethyleneglycol)]. Urine (0.5 ml) containing 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (internal standards) is deproteinized with perchloric acid, and the resulting solution is fractionated by solid-phase extraction on a strong cation-exchange resin cartridge (Toyopak IC-SP S) into two fractions (amine fraction and acid-alcohol fraction), which include 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, respectively. Plasma (0.7 ml) is deproteinized in the presence of 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine (internal standard) in the same manner, and the resulting solution is directly used as an acid-alcohol fraction, while an amine fraction is obtained as for urine. Each fraction is subjected to the previously established ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography with post-column derivatization involving coulometric oxidation followed by fluorescence reaction with 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine. The detection limits, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 5, of the compounds measured in urine are 300 pmol/ml for the two mandelic acids, 2-7 pmol/ml for the other acidic and alcoholic compounds, 12 pmol/ml for L-DOPA and 0.6-2 pmol/ml for the other amino compounds; the corresponding values for plasma samples are 80, 0.5-3, 10 and 0.6-3 pmol/ml, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Nohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nebinger P, Koel M. Automated analysis of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid using ion-pair chromatography and fluorimetric detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1988; 434:43-9. [PMID: 3243835 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(88)80060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A new rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method, without urine sample pre-treatment and based on isocratic ion-pair elution, fluorimetric detection and column-switching, has been developed for the determination of vanillylmandelic acid. The sensitivity was 0.1 mg/l, and the linearity was excellent in the concentration range tested. For all endogenous substances as well as for all the drugs tested no interferences were observed. Typical concentrations were in the range 0.3-5.5 mg of vanillylmandelic acid per day, depending on the age of subject under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Nebinger
- Medizinisches Labor, Dr. Enzenauer & Dr. Wilhelm, Osnabrück, F.R.G
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The research on biosynthesis, physiology, pharmacology, regulation and degradation of catecholamines has continuously increased for more than 50 years. This is not unexpected because of the fact that catecholamines are involved in so many life processes such as nerve conduction, blood circulation and hormone regulations in health and disease. This demands that methods for their determination should be improved, and in fact during the years a number of analytical methods have been published. About 20 years ago radioenzyme techniques with thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) separation of radiolabelled catecholamine derivatives were developed which greatly contributed to our knowledge of physiological concentrations of catecholamines in biological media, particularly in plasma and brain. Radioimmune methods were successful for analysis of a number of analytes, but for catecholamines radioimmunoassays developed slowly. We believe that the greatest potential for radioimmunochemical methods lies in their ability to localize catecholamines and metabolites at the cellular and subcellular levels. With the advent of gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedures analysis of catecholamines improved greatly., The equipment for GC-MS is expensive and requires technical skillfulness, but in experienced hands a lot of new biological data have emerged. An outstanding quality with GC-MS is that the method offers the ability to identify unknown compounds and is relatively free from interferences from extraneous compounds. In comparison with GC-MS, HPLC is versatile and has gained a widespread use. Applications for research in the catecholamine field are numerous. In general, the sensitivity and specificity are satisfactory with HPLC, but it should be borne in mind that a number of pitfalls can obscure the results. This involves both sample handling, clean-up and chromatographic procedures. At present, HPLC is the most expanding field in chromatographic determination of catecholamines and their metabolites. This is particularly the case for HPLC with electrochemical detection which has revolutionized our analytical potential in this field. These chromatographic procedures continue to develop. The prerequisites for further improved methods such as capillary zone electrophoresis and combined HPLC-MS are at hand and hopefully will soon come into more general use for analysis of catecholamines in biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Kågedal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gotelli GR, Kabra PM. Simultaneous determination of urinary vanillylmandelic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid by liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1988; 428:147-51. [PMID: 2459147 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G R Gotelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huth JA, Bottjen PL, Ludvigsen CW. A fluorometric high performance liquid chromatographic assay for vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) developed from a commercial kit method. Clin Biochem 1986; 19:221-4. [PMID: 3757200 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(86)80030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A fluorometric procedure based on the Bio-Rad Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Test was developed. Detection by fluorescence provides better sensitivity and specificity than the Pisano spectrophotometric method. Use of a C18 mini-column extraction to extract VMA prior to HPLC analysis significantly reduced the late eluting peaks. A linear range was established up to 400 mumol/L of VMA. Within-run and between-run CV's were 3.0% and 3.7%, respectively. In a comparison of this fluorometric method with the Pisano spectrophotometric method, a linear regression of y = 0.807x + 2.185 was obtained with a correlation coefficient of 0.945. In the analysis of over 50 samples, no intereferences have been found.
Collapse
|
22
|
Holly JM, Patel N. The assay of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid in urine by HPLC with electrochemical detection using bonded-phase silica sorbents for rapid, simple and selective extraction. Ann Clin Biochem 1986; 23 ( Pt 4):447-52. [PMID: 3021042 DOI: 10.1177/000456328602300411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A method is reported for the determination of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (HMMA) by HPLC with electrochemical detection. The preparation of sample prior to HPLC has been studied and an efficient and selective extraction procedure described. Bonded-phase silica extraction columns and a vacuum manifold were used for the simple and rapid processing of batches of urine samples. Combining a reverse-phase C18 and an anion exchange column ensures selective isolation of HMMA. This simplified greatly the subsequent chromatography. The method was combined into a simple scheme for the routine analysis of urine HMMA, catecholamines and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. The HPLC was standardised such that a single mobile phase was used with minor modification for each of the assays.
Collapse
|
23
|
Seegal RF, Brosch KO, Bush B. High-performance liquid chromatography of biogenic amines and metabolites in brain, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and plasma. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1986; 377:131-44. [PMID: 2423546 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A method for high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and electrochemical detection of biogenic amines and metabolites in a variety of biological matrices is described. The method employs either homogenization, precipitation or dilution followed by direct injection of the samples and permits the chromatographic resolution of dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin (5-HT), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in brain; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, DOPAC, 5-HIAA and HVA in cerebrospinal fluid; 5-HIAA, HVA and 5-HT in plasma; and 5-HIAA and HVA in urine. Alterations in chromatographic conditions, voltammetry and in vivo pharmacological manipulations are employed to verify the identity of the putative neurotransmitter and metabolite peaks in the biological samples.
Collapse
|
24
|
Eckfeldt JH, Engelman K. Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma. Clin Lab Med 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0272-2712(18)30896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
25
|
Kodama K, Nakata T, Aoyama M. Direct determination of urinary vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography on an anion-exchange column. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1984; 311:369-74. [PMID: 6520184 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
26
|
Wielders JP, Mink JK. Analysis of vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1984; 310:379-85. [PMID: 6210297 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(84)80103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
27
|
Frattini P, Santagostino G, Schinelli S, Cucchi ML, Corona GL. Assay of urinary vanilmandelic, homovanillic, and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acids by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS 1983; 10:193-8. [PMID: 6197590 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(83)90030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method with amperometric detection has been developed for the simultaneous determination of the noradrenaline metabolite, vanilmandelic acid, the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid, and the serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, in human urine. After purification by an extraction procedure, the metabolites were rapidly separated under isocratic conditions. Detection and quantification were performed with an electrochemical detector using a carbon paste electrode. The present method is sensitive, selective and, achieves a high degree of precision by the use of isovanilmandelic acid as an internal standard. This provides a suitable tool for clinical and research applications.
Collapse
|
28
|
Oishi R, Mishima S, Kuriyama H. Determination of norepinephrine and its metabolites released from rat vas deferens using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Life Sci 1983; 32:933-40. [PMID: 6827923 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We designed a rapid, simple and sensitive method for the determination of norepinephrine (NE) and its metabolites by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. NE, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid (DOMA), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG) were adsorbed on alumina and eluted with 0.2 N HCl. From the remaining solution, normetanephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MOPEG) were extracted with ethyl acetate in the presence of both borate buffer and K2HPO4. Vanillylmandelic acid was extracted with ethyl acetate after acidification of the solution with concentrated HCl. The combined ethyl acetate phase was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in 0.1 N HCl. A 50 mu1 aliquot of each eluate or solution was injected onto the HPLC. Detection limits ranged from 300 pg to 1 ng per initial sample. We used this method to determine substances in the medium following incubation of the rat vas deferens. Approximately 110 and 80 ng/g/10 min of DOPEG and MOPEG, respectively, were present under normal conditions. The electrical stimulation of tissues from the rat vas deferens led to increases in the levels of NE, DOPEG, DOMA and MOPEG. Normetanephrine and vanillylmandelic acid were not detected in the medium. This is probably the first documentation of the endogenous levels of NE and all its metabolites in medium containing tissue of the sympathetic nervous system.
Collapse
|
29
|
Honour JW, Lim CK, Mitchell FL. Metabolic and drug profiling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1983; 1:127-42. [PMID: 16867811 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(83)80020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, advances in analytical technology have greatly improved our ability to study the metabolism of compounds from either endogenous or erogenous sources. The application of gas-liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography and immunological approaches are discussed in relation to the analysis of steroids, bile acids, organic acids, prostaglandins, porphyrins and bile pigments, amino acids, proteins, nucleotides, catecholamines, vitamins and drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Honour
- MRC Clinical Research Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|