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Balakrishnan C, Gnanadev G, I. S, Gupta R, Bhushan I. SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF RELATED SUBSTANCES IN COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUG PRODUCT: ABACAVIR SULFATE, LAMIVUDINE, AND ZIDOVUDINE TABLET USING HPLC AND MIGRATING THE METHOD TO ULTRA-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TM. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.685915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Balakrishnan
- a Mylan Laboratories Limited, ANRICH Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram (Mandal) , Hyderabad , India
| | - G. Gnanadev
- a Mylan Laboratories Limited, ANRICH Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram (Mandal) , Hyderabad , India
| | - Subramanian I.
- a Mylan Laboratories Limited, ANRICH Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram (Mandal) , Hyderabad , India
| | - R. Gupta
- a Mylan Laboratories Limited, ANRICH Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram (Mandal) , Hyderabad , India
| | - I. Bhushan
- a Mylan Laboratories Limited, ANRICH Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram (Mandal) , Hyderabad , India
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2
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Determination of HIV drugs in biological matrices: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 647:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Garg A, Kumar Soni L, Kaskhedikar SG, Srinivas KS, Singh L, Gupta KK, Dwivedi D. Development and validation of HPLC method for analysis of some antiretroviral agents in their pharmaceutical dosage forms. Pharm Chem J 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-009-0305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Saka C. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods to Simultaneous Determination of Anti-Retroviral Drugs in Biological Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340902820759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Lai J, Wang J, Cai Z. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and their phosphorylated metabolites in human immunodeficiency virus-infected human matrices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 868:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Agrofoglio LA, Bezy V, Chaimbault P, Delépée R, Rhourri B, Morin P. Mass spectrometry based methods for analysis of nucleosides as antiviral drugs and potential tumor biomarkers. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 26:1523-7. [PMID: 18066819 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701544336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular analysis of the phosphorylated metabolites of some anti-HIV nucleosides by liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS or CE-MS/MS) has been realized on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), with limit of quantitation (LOQ) that allow them to be quantitated intracellularly. We described also the analysis of modified urinary nucleosides as potential tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi A Agrofoglio
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR CNRS 6005, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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Saint-Marcoux F, Sauvage FL, Marquet P. Current role of LC-MS in therapeutic drug monitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:1327-49. [PMID: 17520242 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques in routine therapeutic drug monitoring activity is becoming increasingly important. This paper reviews LC-MS methods published in the last few years for certain classes of drugs subject to therapeutic drug monitoring: immunosuppressants, antifungal drugs, antiretroviral drugs, antidepressants and antipsychotics. For each class of compounds, we focussed on the most interesting methods and evaluated the current role of LC-MS in therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Saint-Marcoux
- Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Limoges University Hospital, Unité INSERM U850, 87042 Limoges cedex, France
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8
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Mallampati S, Leonard S, De Vulder S, Hoogmartens J, Van Schepdael A. Method development and validation for the analysis of didanosine using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:4079-88. [PMID: 16200530 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A selective MEKC method was developed for the analysis of didanosine in bulk samples. Successful separation of didanosine from 13 of its potential impurities, derived from the various synthetic preparation procedures, was achieved. As CZE gave poor separation selectivity, MEKC was preferable. The use of EKC allowed achievement of the separation in a significantly shorter time than conventional HPLC. An anionic long-chain surfactant, lithium dodecyl sulfate (LiDS), was used as the pseudostationary phase and sodium tetraborate buffer as the aqueous phase. In order to obtain the optimal conditions and to test the method robustness, a central composite response surface modeling experiment was performed. The optimized electrophoretic conditions include the use of an uncoated fused-silica capillary with a total length of 40 cm and an ID of 50 microm, a BGE containing 40 mM sodium tetraborate and 110 mM LiDS at pH 8.0, an applied voltage of 18.0 kV, and the capillary temperature maintained at 15 degrees C. The method was found to be robust. The parameters for validation such as linearity, precision, and sensitivity are also reported. Three commercial bulk samples were analyzed with this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Mallampati
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, K.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Willems AV, Deforce DL, Van Peteghem CH, Van Bocxlaer JF. Analysis of nucleic acid constituents by on-line capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:1221-53. [PMID: 15759298 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on the capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometric (CE-MS) analysis of nucleic acid constituents in the broadest sense, going from nucleotides and adducted nucleotides over nucleoside analogues to oligonucleotides. These nucleic acid constituents play an important role in a variety of biochemical processes. Hence, their isolation, identification, and quantification will undoubtedly help reveal the process of life and disease mechanisms, such as carcinogenesis, and can also be useful for antitumor and antiviral drug research to provide valuable information about mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicity, therapeutic drug level monitoring, and quality control related to this substance class. Fundamental investigations into their structure, the search for modifications, the occurrence and biochemical impact of structural variation amongst others, are therefore of great value. In view of the related bioanalytical procedures, the coupling of CE to MS has emerged as a powerful tool for the analysis of the complex mixtures of nucleic acid constituents: CE confers rapid analysis and efficient resolution, while MS provides high selectivity and sensitivity with structural characterization of minute amounts of compound. After an introduction about the biochemical and analytical perspectives on the nucleic acid constituents, the different modes of CE used in this field of research as well as the relevant CE-MS interfaces and the difficulties associated with quantitative CE-MS are briefly discussed. A large section is finally devoted to field-oriented applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- An V Willems
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry & Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
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Kano EK, dos Reis Serra CH, Koono EEM, Andrade SS, Porta V. Determination of lamivudine in human plasma by HPLC and its use in bioequivalence studies. Int J Pharm 2005; 297:73-9. [PMID: 15907596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Revised: 12/02/2004] [Accepted: 03/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple, accurate, precise and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with ultraviolet detection was developed to quantificate lamivudine (3-TC) in human plasma samples from bioequivalence studies. 3-TC and stavudine (internal standard, I.S.) were extracted from 0.5 ml of human plasma by acetonitrile protein precipitation. The method was validated over a concentration range of 0.05-3.00 microg/ml and used in a bioequivalence trial between two lamivudine formulations, to assess its usefulness in this kind of study. FURP-lamivudine (Fundação para o Remédio Popular, Brazil, as test formulation) and Epivir (GlaxoSmithKline, Brazil, as reference formulation) were evaluated following a single 150 mg oral dose to 24 healthy volunteers of both genders. The dose was administered after an overnight fast according to a two-way crossover design. Bioequivalence between the products was determined by calculating 90% confidence intervals (90% CI) for the ratio of Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-inf values for the test and reference products, using logarithmic transformed data. The 90% confidence intervals for the ratio of Cmax (0.86-1.06), AUC0-t (0.96-1.04) and AUC0-inf (0.97-1.05) values for the test and reference products are within the 0.80-1.25 interval proposed by FDA and EMEA. It was concluded that the two 3-TC formulations are bioequivalent in their rate and extent of absorption, and thus, may be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Kazue Kano
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 15, Cidade Universitária Armando Salles Oliveira, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Verweij-van Wissen CPWGM, Aarnoutse RE, Burger DM. Simultaneous determination of the HIV nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors lamivudine, didanosine, stavudine, zidovudine and abacavir in human plasma by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 816:121-9. [PMID: 15664342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) lamivudine, didanosine, stavudine, zidovudine and abacavir in plasma. The method involved solid-phase extraction with Oasis MAX cartridges from plasma, followed by high performance liquid chromatography with a SymmetryShield RP 18 column and ultraviolet detection set at a wavelength of 260 nm. The assay was validated over the concentration range of 0.015-5 mg/l for all five NRTIs. The average accuracies for the assay were 92-102%, inter- and intra-day coefficients of variation (CV) were <2.5% and extraction recoveries were higher than 97%. This method proved to be simple, accurate and precise, and is currently in use in our laboratory for the quantitative analysis of NRTIs in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P W G M Verweij-van Wissen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Stefan RI, Bokretsion RG. Diamond paste based immunosensor for the determination of azidothymidine. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2004; 24:319-24. [PMID: 12953976 DOI: 10.1081/ias-120022941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An amperometric immunosensor, based on diamond paste (diamond powder and paraffin oil), has been constructed for the assay of azidothymidine (AZT). The diamond paste is impregnated with anti-AZT. The immunosensor can be used reliably for the assay of azidothymidine in its pharmaceutical formulations. The potential used for azidothymidine assay was + 240 mV vs. Ag/AgCl electrode. The surface of the immunosensor can be regenerated by simply polishing, thereby obtaining fresh immunocomposite ready to be used in a new assay. The new amperometric immunosensor, based on diamond paste, gives reliable results for the assay of AZT as raw material and from its pharmaceutical formulation.
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Tuan ND, Gutleben W, Scherer K, Stoiber H, Falkensammer B, Dierich MP, Zemann A. Simultaneous separation of fifteen approved protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors for human immunodeficiency virus therapy by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2003; 24:662-70. [PMID: 12601735 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200390078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, a novel approach towards a complete separation of all 15 protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors which are currently approved for use in highly active antiretroviral therapy in a single analytical run is presented. The developed method employs an acidic background electrolyte with sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPAS) as polyanionic electroosmotic flow (EOF) modifier to establish a strong cathodic EOF, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as pseudostationary selector, and acetonitrile and ethanol as organic modifiers. Separation of the analytes is based on two different mechanisms. The more basic analytes are protonated at the prevailing pH conditions and thus migrate in front of the cathodic EOF, whereas the less basic and neutral analytes interact with the SDS and are retained after the EOF. By optimizing electrolyte pH, the amount of solvents and SDS concentrations in the background electrolyte it is possible to completely separate all compounds of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Duc Tuan
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Innsbruck, Autria
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