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Soto R, Svärd M, Verma V, Padrela L, Ryan K, Rasmuson ÅC. Solubility and thermodynamic analysis of ketoprofen in organic solvents. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119686. [PMID: 32739387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The solubility of the racemic solid phase of ketoprofen (KTP) in methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, 1,4-dioxane and toluene has been determined between 273 and 303 K by a gravimetric method. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, SEM and PXRD, have been used to characterise the solid phase. The melting data and heat capacity of solid and melt have been determined by DSC, and used to estimate fusion thermodynamics and the activity of the solid phase as functions of temperature. Empirical and semi-empirical models have been fitted to experimental solubility data. The solution activity coefficients reveal positive deviation from ideality in all solvents except for in dioxane, and very close to ideality in methanol. The solubility is fairly high in the alcohols but decrease with increasing hydrocarbon chain. Generally and due to the presence of the carboxylic acid group, KTP is more readily dissolved in polar protic solvents, followed in order by polar aprotic and non-polar solvents. However, the highest solubility is found in dioxane, classified as a non-polar solvent, but notably though the molecule having two strong hydrogen bond accepting functionalities, and no hydrogen bond donation capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Soto
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical and Environmental Science, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Michael Svärd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivek Verma
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical and Environmental Science, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Luis Padrela
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical and Environmental Science, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Kevin Ryan
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical and Environmental Science, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Åke C Rasmuson
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical and Environmental Science, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland; Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kang GW, Ko JH, Cheong WJ. Thermodynamic Study of Enantioseparation of Arylpropionic Acids with a Chiralcel OJ‐H Stationary Phase. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200047202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyoung Won Kang
- a Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Research , Inha University , Incheon , South Korea
| | - Joung Ho Ko
- a Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Research , Inha University , Incheon , South Korea
| | - Won Jo Cheong
- a Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Research , Inha University , Incheon , South Korea
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Caballo C, Sicilia M, Rubio S. Enantioselective determination of representative profens in wastewater by a single-step sample treatment and chiral liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 134:325-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sardella R, Lisanti A, Carotti A, Blasi P, Lindner W, Natalini B. Ketoprofen enantioseparation with a Cinchona
alkaloid based stationary phase: Enantiorecognition mechanism and release studies. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2696-703. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Antonella Lisanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Paolo Blasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Benedetto Natalini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
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López-Muñoz FJ, Vara Gama N, Soria-Arteche O, Hurtado y de la Peña M, Domínguez-Ramírez AM, Medina López JR. HPLC Method with Solid-Phase Extraction for Determination of (R)- and (S)-Ketoprofen in Plasma without Caffeine Interference: Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies in Rats. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:1204-10. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Baranowska I, Wilczek A, Michał K, Baranowski J. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC-DAD METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF NINE DRUGS AND THEIR ELEVEN METABOLITES IN PLASMA AND URINE: PLASMA SAMPLES MEASUREMENTS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.695309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Chemical Faculty, Silesian University of Technology , Strzody , Gliwice , Poland
| | - Andrzej Wilczek
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Chemical Faculty, Silesian University of Technology , Strzody , Gliwice , Poland
| | - Kwiatkowski Michał
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Chemical Faculty, Silesian University of Technology , Strzody , Gliwice , Poland
| | - Jacek Baranowski
- b Department of Clinical Physiology , University Hospital , Linköping , Sweden
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Kang GW, Ko JH, Cheong WJ. Thermodynamic Study of Enantioseparation of Arylpropionic Acids with the Chirex 3001 Stationary Phase. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120028251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyoung Won Kang
- a Department of Chemistry, Institute for Basic Research , Inha University , Incheon , 402‐751 , South Korea
| | - Joung Ho Ko
- a Department of Chemistry, Institute for Basic Research , Inha University , Incheon , 402‐751 , South Korea
| | - Won Jo Cheong
- a Department of Chemistry, Institute for Basic Research , Inha University , Incheon , 402‐751 , South Korea
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8
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Guo Z, Wang H, Zhang Y. Chiral separation of ketoprofen on an achiral C8 column by HPLC using norvancomycin as chiral mobile phase additives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:310-4. [PMID: 16326062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for chiral separation of ketoprofen racemate was developed. (R)- and (S)-ketoprofen enantiomers were separated on a Hypersil BDS C8 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microm) at 25 degrees C, using acetonitrile-triethylamine acetate (TEAA) buffer (pH 5.2, 20 mM) (35:65, v/v) containing 2.0 mM norvancomycin as the mobile phase. Effects of norvancomycin concentration, content of acetonitrile and TEAA buffer pH on the enantioseparation were investigated. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ). Calibration curves (r2 = 0.999) were constructed in the range of 2.01-200.8 microg ml(-1) for (S)-ketoprofen and 2.04-152.4 microg ml(-1) for (R)-ketoprofen, respectively. Repeatability (n = 5) showed less than 2% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.). LOD and LOQ for the two enantiomers were found to be 0.20 and 0.78 ng for (S)-ketoprofen, 0.20 and 0.86 ng for (R)-ketoprofen, respectively. Norvancomycin and vancomycin as chiral mobile phase additives (CMPAs) in the chiral separation showed similar abilities of enantioseparation. However, to obtain the optimum enantioseparation, a lower concentration of norvancomycin than that of vancomycin is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhansheng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Hengshui University, Hengshui 053000, PR China.
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Paik MJ, Nguyen DT, Kim KR. Enantioseparation of flurbiprofen and ketoprofen in patches and in urine excretions by achiral gas chromatography. Arch Pharm Res 2004; 27:1295-301. [PMID: 15646806 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomeric composition tests on flurbiprofen and ketoprofen present in patch products and in urine excretions following patch applications were performed as diastereomeric (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamides by achiral gas chromatography and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode. The method for determination of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers in the range from 0.1 to 5.0 microg was linear (r > or = 0.9996) with acceptable precision (% RSD < or = 5.2) and accuracy (% RE = 0.6 approximately -2.4). The enantiomeric compositions of flurbiprofen in one patch product and of ketoprofen in five different products were identified to be racemic with relatively good precision (< or = 6.4%). The urinary excretion level of (R)-flurbiprofen was two times higher than its antipode, while the comparable excretion levels of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers for ketoprofen were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Yoon TH, Kim IH. Chiral separation of ketoprofen racemate by using chirex® 3005 and kromasil® CHI-II chiral column. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02705443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Mullangi R, Yao M, Srinivas NR. Resolution of enantiomers of ketoprofen by HPLC: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2003; 17:423-34. [PMID: 14598325 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Today, a heightened awareness of the applicability of enantiomers in medicine and clinical practice has been gene-rated due to the continuous evolvement of the field of chirality. In this context, this article provides a review of separation of ketoprofen, an important drug, in a popular class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (i.e. profens). This review highlights various methodologies, logistical considerations for separation and provides an exhaustive list of applications mainly focusing on the pharmacokinetic aspects. Clearly, the application of enantioselective methods for drug racemates paves the way to understand the in vivo behavior of individual enantiomer and hence an opportunity for an alternate and/or better option for treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Mullangi
- Bioanalysis, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Discovery Research, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad-500 050, India
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Haginaka J. Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of enantioseparations using liquid chromatographic techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 27:357-72. [PMID: 11755739 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The chiral separation methods using liquid chromatographic techniques can be divided into two categories: one is a direct method, which is based on a diastereomer formation on stationary phase or in mobile phase. The other is an indirect method, which is based on a diasteromer formation by reaction with a homochiral reagent. The enantiomer separation on a chiral stationary phases followed by derivatization with an achiral reagent is also dealt with this review article as the indirect method. The pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of enantioseparations using the direct and indirect methods have been considered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Haginaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan.
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Péhourcq F, Jarry C, Bannwarth B. Chiral resolution of flurbiprofen and ketoprofen enantiomers by HPLC on a glycopeptide-type column chiral stationary phase. Biomed Chromatogr 2001; 15:217-22. [PMID: 11391680 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin is an amphoteric, glycopeptide, macrocyclic antibiotic. When attached to 5 microspherical silica gel, vancomycin proved to be an effective chromatographic chiral stationary phase that could be used in the reversed-phase mode. In this study, a bonded vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic Vtrade mark) was investigated for the chiral liquid chromatography analysis of ketoprofen and flurbiprofen. The selectivity factor (alpha) and the chiral resolution factor (RS) of Chirobiotic Vtrade mark were evaluated first as a function of the buffer pH and molarity, and second as a function of organic modifier type and composition of the mobile phase. Four organic modifiers (tetrahydrofuran, 2-propanol, 1,4-dioxane and methanol) have been tested for their selectivity. Optimized conditions using 20% of tetrahydrofuran in ammonium nitrate (100 mM, pH 5) were selected for the enantioseparation of flurbiprofen and ketoprofen from their racemic forms. At pH 5, these acidic compounds are almost negatively charged, while the chiral selector possesses a positive charge allowing it to interact electrostatistically with the analytes. Using these chromatographic conditions, the column stability was excellent over several months of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Péhourcq
- Department of Pharmacology, University Victor Segalen, Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
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Abstract
Dexketoprofen trometamol is a water-soluble salt of the dextrorotatory enantiomer of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen. Racemic ketoprofen is used as an analgesic and an anti-inflammatory agent, and is one of the most potent in vitro inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. This effect is due to the (S)-(+)-enantiomer (dexketoprofen), while the (R)-(-)-enantiomer is devoid of such activity. The racemic ketoprofen exhibits little stereoselectivity in its pharmacokinetics. Relative bioavailability of oral dexketoprofen (12.5 and 25mg, respectively) is similar to that of oral racemic ketoprofen (25 and 50mg, respectively), as measured in all cases by the area under the concentration-time curve values for (S)-(+)-ketoprofen. Dexketoprofen trometamol, given as a tablet, is rapidly absorbed, with a time to maximum plasma concentration (tmax) of between 0.25 and 0.75 hours, whereas the tmax for the (S)-(+)-enantiomer after the racemic drug, administered as tablets or capsules prepared with the free acid, is between 0.5 and 3 hours. The drug does not accumulate significantly when administered as 25mg of free acid 3 times daily. The profile of absorption is changed when dexketoprofen is ingested with food, reducing both the rate of absorption (tmax) and the maximal plasma concentration. Dexketoprofen is strongly bound to plasma proteins, particularly albumin. The disposition of ketoprofen in synovial fluid does not appear to be stereoselective. Dexketoprofen trometamol is not involved in the accumulation of xenobiotics in fat tissues. It is eliminated following extensive biotransformation to inactive glucuroconjugated metabolites. No (R)-(-)-ketoprofen is found in the urine after administration of dexketoprofen, confirming the absence of bioinversion of the (S)-(+)-enantiomer in humans. Conjugates are excreted in urine, and virtually no drug is eliminated unchanged. The analgesic efficacy of the oral pure (S)-(+)-enantiomer is roughly similar to that observed after double dosages of the racemic compound. At doses above 7mg, dexketoprofen was significantly superior to placebo in patients with moderate to severe pain. A dose-response relationship between 12.5 and 25mg could be seen in the time-effects curves, the superiority of the 25mg dose being more a result of an extended duration of action than of an increase in peak analgesic effect. A plateau in the analgesic activity of dexketoprofen trometamol at the 25mg dose is suggested. The time to onset of pain relief appeared to be shorter in patients treated with dexketoprofen trometamol. The drug was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Barbanoj
- Pharmacological Research Area, Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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Eichhold TH, Bailey RE, Tanguay SL, Hoke SH. Determination of (R)- and (S)-ketoprofen in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry following automated solid-phase extraction in the 96-well format. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2000; 35:504-511. [PMID: 10797647 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9888(200004)35:4<504::aid-jms958>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective method was developed for the determination of (R)-ketoprofen ((R)-kt) and (S)-ketoprofen ((S)-kt) in human plasma using chiral liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Plasma samples spiked with stable-isotope-labeled [(13)C(1), (2)H(3)]-(R and S)-ketoprofen, for use as the internal standards, were prepared for analysis using automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) in the 96-well microtiter format. The enantiomers were separated on an (R)-1-naphthylglycine and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (Chirex 3005) 250x2.0 mm i.d. analytical column, equipped with a 30x2.0 mm i.d. guard column using isocratic mobile phase conditions. The (R)- and (S)-kt levels were quantifiable from 0.05 to 2500 ng ml(-1) by constructing two separate curves from calibration standards covering the same range. The first curve ranged from 0.05 to 100 and the second from 100 to 2500 ng ml(-1). A concentration of 0.05 ng ml(-1) of either enantiomer was easily detected using a 1 ml plasma sample volume. The average method accuracy, evaluated at four levels over an extended period, was better than +/-3% over the entire range. The precision for the same set of quality control samples ranged from 4.0 to 7.0 % RSD (n = 24). The method was applied to the evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters in human plasma obtained from volunteers who received 25 mg of kt by peroral administration of Actron caplets or by topical administration of Oruvail gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Eichhold
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Health Care Research Center, P.O. Box 8006, Mason, Ohio 45040, USA
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de Jalón EG, Josa M, Campanero MA, Santoyo S, Ygartua P. Determination by high-performance liquid chromatography of ketoprofen in vitro in rat skin permeation samples. J Chromatogr A 2000; 870:143-9. [PMID: 10722071 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A direct, simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of ketoprofen with ibuprofen as internal standard. Samples were chromatographed on a 5 microm Kromasil 100 C18 column. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile-0.01 M KH2PO4 adjusted to pH 1.5 with orthophosphoric acid 85% (60:40, v/v). Detection was at 260 nm and the run time was 10 min. The detector response was found to be linear in the concentration range 0.02 to 40 microg/ml. This HPLC assay has been applied to measure the "in vitro" percutaneous penetration of ketoprofen through rat skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G de Jalón
- Centro Galénico, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Barichello JM, Morishita M, Takayama K, Nagai T. Encapsulation of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs in PLGA nanoparticles by the nanoprecipitation method. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1999; 25:471-6. [PMID: 10194602 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-100102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the relative advantages and drawbacks of the nanoprecipitation-solvent displacement method for a range of drugs with respect to the particle size and drug encapsulation in polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles. The particle size analysis indicated a unimodal particle size distribution in all systems, with a mean diameter of 160-170 nm, except for insulin nanoparticles, which showed a smaller particle size. The results of the encapsulation efficiency analysis demonstrated that more lipophilic drugs, such as cyclosporin and indomethacin, do not suffer from the problems of drug leakage to the external medium, resulting in improved drug content in the nanoparticles. In spite of the fact that valproic acid is a liquid that is very sparingly soluble in water, very low encapsulation efficiency was obtained. Ketoprofen, a drug sparingly soluble in water, demonstrated intermediate values of encapsulation that were well correlated with its intermediate lipophilicity. More hydrophilic drugs, such as vancomycin and phenobarbital, were poorly encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles. Insulin was preferentially surface bound on the PLGA nanoparticles. However, a strong hypoglycemic effect of the insulin was observed after administration of the suspension of PLGA nanoparticles with surface-bound insulin to the ileum loop of male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Barichello
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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Aboul-Enein HY, Van Overbeke A, Vander Weken G, Baeyens W, Oda H, Deprez P, De Kruif A. HPLC on Chiralcel OJ-R for enantiomer separation and analysis of ketoprofen, from horse plasma, as the 9-aminophenanthrene derivative. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998; 50:291-6. [PMID: 9600721 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb06863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Racemic ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat musculoskeletal and colic conditions in horses. The enantioselective chiral inversion of ketoprofen administered to horses has been studied by use of cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate), also known as Chiralcel OJ-R, as chiral stationary phase; acetonitrile - 0.02 M perchlorate buffer (pH 2.0)-methanol, 60:15:25 (v/v/v) was used as mobile phase. Before chromatography, to effect adequate chiral interaction with the chiral stationary phase ketoprofen was derivatized with 9-aminophenanthrene, under acid conditions, after solid-phase (C18) extraction and then liquid-liquid extraction, to ensure effective removal of endogenous plasma materials. The 9-aminophenanthrene derivative of S-ibuprofen was used as internal standard. The enantiomers of ketoprofen were separated to baseline (Rs = 6.44, alpha = 1.76) within a short analysis time. The results indicate that the bio-inversion of R-ketoprofen to the S isomer is significant in equine species. However, considerable differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were observed, indicating large inter-animal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Aboul-Enein
- Biological and Medical Research, MBC-03, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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