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Retention divergence of terpenes with porous graphitized carbon and C18 stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1247:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Kandhro AJ, Mirza MA, Khuhawar MY. Determination of Guanidino Compounds in Serum by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography Using Benzoin as the Derivatizing Reagent. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003698747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Pereira L. Porous Graphitic Carbon as a Stationary Phase in HPLC: Theory and Applications. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802126429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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West C, Elfakir C, Lafosse M. Porous graphitic carbon: A versatile stationary phase for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3201-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Wagner M, Bourgogne E, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. Quantitation of polar analytes using column-switching: Application to oxycodone and three metabolites in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:637-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Reid CW, Stupak J, Szymanski CM, Li J. Analysis of bacterial lipid-linked oligosaccharide intermediates using porous graphitic carbon liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: heterogeneity in the polyisoprenyl carrier revealed. Anal Chem 2010; 81:8472-8. [PMID: 19772334 DOI: 10.1021/ac9013622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation of proteins is recognized as one of the most common post-translational modifications. It was believed that N-glycosylation occurred exclusively in eukaryotes until the recent discovery of the general protein glycosylation pathway (Pgl) in Campylobacter jejuni, which has similarities to the eukaryotic system and adds proteins en bloc from a lipid carrier to a protein acceptor. In addition to N-linked glycans, a number of pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria species have been shown to O-glycosylate their proteins through polyisoprene-linked intermediates. To date, most techniques to analyze lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) of these pathways involve the use of radiolabels and chromatographic separation. With the increasing frequency of reports of bacterial protein glycosylation that proceed through lipid-mediated steps, there is a need for technologies capable of characterizing these newly described bacterial systems as well as eukaryotic pathways from biologically relevant samples in an accurate, rapid, and cost-effective manner. In this paper, a new glycomics strategy based on porous graphite carbon (PGC) liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was devised and validated on the C. jejuni N-glycan pathway. Lipid-linked oligosaccharide intermediates of the Pgl pathway from crude lipid extracts were separated using online chromatography on a capillary PGC column with a chloroform gradient. By exploiting the retention properties of hydrophobic and polar analytes on PGC, baseline separation of LLOs with minor changes in oligosaccharide structure and polyisoprene chain length was obtained. This method is capable of analyzing low levels of LLOs (from approximately 10(6) bacterial cells) and distinguishing the LLOs that differ by as little as one monosaccharide or polyisoprene unit. Furthermore, we have demonstrated for the first time that oligosaccharides of the C. jejuni Pgl pathway are assembled on different polyisoprenes, e. g. C(45), C(60), and apparent hydroxylated forms, in addition to those previously reported (i.e., C(50) and C(55)). The hydroxylated forms of the LLOs are believed to be an intermediate in the degradation of accumulated LLOs for polyisoprene carrier recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Reid
- National Research Council, Institute for Biological Sciences, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0R6
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7
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Nohara Y, Usui T, Suzuki J, Hanai T, Kinoshita T, Nakagomi K, Watanabe M. The Generation of Lucigenin Chemiluminescence from the Reaction of Guanidino Compounds with Phenylglyoxal under Alkaline Conditions and Its Application. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:700-3. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomomi Usui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Junko Suzuki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Toshihiko Hanai
- International Institute of Technological Analysis, Health Research Foundation
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8
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Sharma PS, Lakshmi D, Prasad BB. Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction combined with molecularly imprinted polymer-sensor: a diagnostic tool applicable to creatine deficiency syndrome. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 21:976-86. [PMID: 17472218 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Primary creatine deficiency syndromes (CDS) are a new group of disorders caused by guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency, which affects endogenous creatine biosynthesis with depletion of body creatine. A deficiency in creatine can be corrected by treatment with oral creatine supplementation and this necessitates a simple and sensitive screening method for early detection of creatine in dilute physiologic fluids. In this work an artificial receptor, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), for creatine was used both as a material for solid-phase extraction (SPE) and as a sensing element in a voltammetric sensor. Using the combination of molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) with a complementary MIP sensor, the minimum detectable amount was found to be 0.0015 ng mL(-1) (RSD = 1.3%, S/N = 3). The MISPE-MIP sensor combination provided up to 60-fold preconcentration, which was more than sufficient for achieving the required quantification limit 50 ng mL(-1) (or 0.0025 ng mL(-1) after 2 x 10(4)-fold dilution) for creatine in human blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Sindhu Sharma
- Analytical Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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9
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Xia YQ, Jemal M, Zheng N, Shen X. Utility of porous graphitic carbon stationary phase in quantitative liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry bioanalysis: quantitation of diastereomers in plasma. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:1831-7. [PMID: 16705646 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in selecting an appropriate stationary phase for diastereomeric separation is that it is difficult to predict which of the commercially available stationary phases could achieve the required liquid chromatographic (LC) separation. This work describes the selection and evaluation of a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for the simultaneous quantitation of an experimental drug candidate (I), its two diastereomeric metabolites (II and III), and its demethylated metabolite (IV) in rat plasma. In addition, we investigated the PGC column for the separation of another drug candidate (VI), its two diastereomeric metabolites (VII and VIII) and its ketone metabolite (IX). The PGC column showed excellent chromatographic resolution for the two diastereomers II and III, as well as for VII and VIII. In contrast, the required resolution for the diastereomers II and III could not be achieved using silica-bonded C(18), C(30), phenyl, perfluorinated, polar embedded and polar end-capped phases. The PGC column showed ruggedness with excellent reproducibility of retention times, peak symmetry and response over a period of more than 400 injections of a plasma acetonitrile-precipitation extract. Excellent accuracy and precision were achieved, with accuracy of 94-108% and intra- and inter-run precision within 9%. This work indicates that PGC is a valuable addition to the repertoire of LC columns used for quantitative LC/MS/MS bioanalysis, especially where the separation and quantitation of diastereomeric analytes is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Qing Xia
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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10
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Buchberger W, Ferdig M. Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of guanidino compounds by pre-column dervatization with ninhydrin and fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2004; 27:1309-12. [PMID: 15587280 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200401866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ninhydrin has been investigated as a pre-column derivatization reagent for guanidino compounds. The reaction takes place under strongly alkaline conditions, followed by a second step at low pH and elevated temperature. This procedure yields derivatives with favourable fluorescence properties (excitation at 390 nm, emission at 470 nm). Amino acids do not react with ninhydrin under these conditions so that the method can easily be used for biological samples. Reversed-phase HPLC separations of the derivatives of several representative guanidino compounds in human blood have been achieved with gradients consisting of aqueous formic acid and methanol. Fluorescence detection yields quantification limits of about 20 microg L(-1). Hyphenation with electrospray mass spectrometry has been used to confirm the identity of the derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Buchberger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes-Kepler-University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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11
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Hanai T. Analysis of the mechanism of retention on graphitic carbon by a computational chemical method. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1030:13-6. [PMID: 15043248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Retention mechanism on a graphitic carbon was analyzed by computational chemical calculation. The model graphitic carbon phase was a large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and analytes were carbohydrates and hydrocarbons separated by liquid and gas chromatography. Molecular mechanics calculation was fast and suggested their retention order and main retention force. Molecular orbital package calculation (MOPAC) demonstrated their complex form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Hanai
- Health Research Foundation, Institut Pasteur 5F, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan.
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12
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Abstract
The objective of this review with 122 references is to provide structure and retention mechanisms of porous graphitic carbon by chromatographic analysis and computational chemical analysis of retention mechanisms. Synthesis methods of porous graphitic carbon are described. Applications for use as matrix for dynamic coating on porous graphitic carbon and direct separation of polar compounds on porous graphitic carbon demonstrated that the physical and chemical stability of graphitic carbons performed in both chromatography and extraction, especially for polar compounds, those are difficult on both silica-based and organic polymer-based packing materials. The disadvantage is difficult desorption of non-polar compounds adsorbed on the surface. The development of 3.5-microm particles improves the separation power of graphitic carbon columns with the high theoretical plate number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Hanai
- Health Research Foundation, Institute Pasteur 5F, Tanaka-Monzencho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan.
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13
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Smith-Palmer T. Separation methods applicable to urinary creatine and creatinine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 781:93-106. [PMID: 12450655 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Urinary creatinine has been analyzed for many years as an indicator of glomerular filtration rate. More recently, interest in studying the uptake of creatine as a result of creatine supplementation, a practice increasingly common among bodybuilders and athletes, has lead to a need to measure urinary creatine concentrations. Creatine levels are of the same order of magnitude as creatinine levels when subjects have recently ingested creatine, while somewhat elevated urinary creatine concentrations in non-supplementing subjects can be an indication of a degenerative disease of the muscle. Urinary creatine and creatinine can be analyzed by HPLC using a variety of columns. Detection methods include absorption, fluorescence after post-column derivatization, and mass spectrometry, and some methods have been automated. Capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography have also been used to analyze urinary creatine and creatinine. Creatine and creatinine have also been analyzed in serum and tissue using HPLC and CE, and many of these separations could also be applicable to urinary analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truis Smith-Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada B2G 2W5.
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Carducci C, Birarelli M, Santagata P, Leuzzi V, Carducci C, Antonozzi I. Automated high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of guanidinoacetic acid in dried blood spots: a tool for early diagnosis of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 755:343-8. [PMID: 11393723 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new automated method for the assay of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in dried blood spot (DBS) on filter paper is reported. The method, based on reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC, precolumn derivatisation with benzoin and fluorescence detection, has shown good precision and sensitivity and requires only minimal sample handling. The validity of the method was demonstrated by analysing the neonatal blood spot of a patient affected by guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency. GAA concentration was found to be nearly 12-fold higher than the mean control value. We propose this method as an inexpensive and widely applicable tool for the diagnosis of GAMT deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carducci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Patologia, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Hanai T, Inamaoto Y, Inamoto S. Chromatography of guanidino compounds. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 747:123-38. [PMID: 11103903 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Guanidino compounds involved in the urea and guanidine cycles have been found in serum of nephritic patients, and some guanidino compounds have been suspected to be uremic toxins. The simultaneous analysis of naturally occurring metabolites is important for diagnosis of diseases. In this review, liquid chromatographic analysis of natural metabolites of guanidino compounds are described. the information about arginine as a precursor of nitric oxide are included. The reports of pharmaceutical compounds having a guanidino group, peptides containing arginine and aminoglycosides are summarized in Table 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hanai
- Health Research Foundation, Institut Pasteur 5F, Kyoto, Japan.
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Monser L, Darghouth F. Rapid liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of tetracyclines antibiotics and 6-epi-doxycycline in pharmaceutical products using porous graphitic carbon column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 23:353-62. [PMID: 10933527 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and selective high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the separation and determination of five commercially used tetracyclines. The chromatography was performed on a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column, using 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 2.0)--acetonitrile (40 + 60) as the mobile phase and ultraviolet detection at 268 nm. The method permits the simultaneous determination of oxytetracycline, metacycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline as well as the separation of one of their common impurities (6-Epi-doxycycline) in bulk powder and pharmaceutical preparations with detection limits of 0.5-2 microg ml(-1) and recoveries of 98.9-100.5%. Correlation coefficients for calibration curves in the range of 5-50 microg ml(-1) were greater than 0.999 for all tetracyclines. The within- and between-day precision was determined for both retention times and peak area. It is suggested that the proposed HPLC-PGC method should be used for routine quality control and dosage form assay of tetracyclines in pharmaceutical preparations. The chromatographic behaviour of the five tetracyclines was examined under variable mobile phase compositions, the results revealed that elution order and selectivity were dependent on the buffer agent used. Comparison between retentions obtained with PGC and with silica-based stationary phase (ODS), showed similar variations of the capacity factors with the mobile phase composition, but with a different elution order.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Monser
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de la Technoloqie, Centre Urbain Nord, Tunis, Tunisia.
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