1
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Pavlović DM, Babić S, Čizmić M, Sertić M, Pinušić T. Simultaneous determination of macrolides in water samples by solid-phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:515-535. [PMID: 38147474 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the determination of macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, tylosin) and tiamulin in water samples was described in this article. These compounds were extracted with different types of sorbents ( Oasis HLB, C18, C8, SDB, and Strata-X) and different masses of sorbents (60 mg, 200 mg, and 500 mg) using different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile) and different pH values of water samples (pH 7.00, 8.00, and 9.00). It was found that the highest extraction efficiency of the studied compounds was obtained with 200 mg/3 mL C18 cartridges with methanol as eluent at pH 9.00 of the water sample. The developed SPE-CE method for macrolide antibiotics and tiamulin was validated for linearity, precision, repeatability, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), and recovery. Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.3-30 mg L-1 depending on the drug, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9958 in all cases except clarithromycin (0.9873). Expanded measurement uncertainties were calculated for each pharmaceutical, accounting for 20.31 % (azithromycin), 38.33 % (tiamulin), 28.95 % (clarithromycin), 26.99 % (roxithromycin), and 21.09 % (tiamulin). Uncertainties associated with precision and calibration curves contributed the most to the combined measurement uncertainty. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of production waste-water from the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Babić
- 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Čizmić
- 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miranda Sertić
- 2University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Pinušić
- 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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2
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Mahmoudi A, De Francia S, Paul P. Development and validation of high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of clarithromycin in pharmaceutical tablets. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300424. [PMID: 37650313 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Clarithromycin is a very important macrolide antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in human and veterinary medicine. This study reports the development and validation of cost-effective, simple, precise, accurate, and robust high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the determination of clarithromycin (CLA) in tablets. Reversed-phase chromatography was conducted using a standard column at 55°C with ultraviolet detection at 215 nm. A mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile -2-methyl-2-propanol -potassium phosphate buffer was used at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The proposed method displayed good linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and specificity. The present HPLC was compared with capillary electrophoresis and bioassay methods and the results indicated that there was no significant difference between these methods. Moreover, the obtained results demonstrated the validity of the isocratic HPLC, which allows reliable quantitation of CLA in pharmaceutical samples. Thus, it can be used as a substitute alternative methodology for the routine quality control of this medicine, in situations where other methods are less accessible in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelghani Mahmoudi
- Research Laboratory on Bioactive Products and Biomass Valorization (LRPBVB), Ecole Normale Supérieure-Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia De Francia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Prasanta Paul
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and System Biology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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3
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Bao WH, Wu X. Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalyst-Free Deoxygenative Radical Transformation of Alcohols to Oxime Ethers. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3975-3980. [PMID: 36847637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-driven deoxygenative cross-coupling of alcohols with sulfonyl oxime ethers has been developed by using xanthate salts as alcohol-activating groups. Upon convenient generation and direct photoexcitation of xanthate anions, a broad range of alcohols including primary ones can efficiently undergo this transformation to afford diverse oxime ethers and derivatives. This one-pot protocol features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and late-stage applicability, without the need for any external photocatalysts or electron donor-acceptor complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Bao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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4
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Javanbakht F, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Nemati M, Farajzadeh MA. Dispersive solid phase extraction of metronidazole and clarithromycin from human plasma using a β-cyclodextrin grafted polyethylene polymer composite. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200696. [PMID: 36859691 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, a polymeric composite based on β-cyclodextrin grafted with polyethylene has been prepared through ball milling and used as an efficient sorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction of metronidazole and clarithromycin from plasma samples. The prepared sorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. In the extraction process, after precipitating the proteins, the sorbent was added into the sample solution, and the mixture was vortexed to facilitate and speed up the sorption of the analytes onto the sorbent surface. After centrifuging, the sorbent particles were contacted with methanol to elute the analytes under the vortexing process. After this step, an aliquot of the eluate was taken and injected into high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector for quantitative analysis. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction recoveries for metronidazole and clarithromycin were 76 and 83%, respectively. The limits of detection were 2.6 and 2.2 ng/ml for metronidazole and clarithromycin, respectively. The repeatability of the offered approach, expressed as relative standard deviation, was equal to or less than 4.7%. Finally, the method was successfully applied to plasma samples of the patients treated with metronidazole and clarithromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Javanbakht
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical and Food Control Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahboob Nemati
- Pharmaceutical and Food Control Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkey
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5
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Moustafa RM, Talaat W, Youssef RM, Kamal MF. Carbon dots as fluorescent nanoprobes for assay of some non-fluorophoric nitrogenous compounds of high pharmaceutical interest. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 12:8. [PMID: 36686602 PMCID: PMC9844168 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-023-00346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon dots, CDs, have excellent photoluminescence properties, good biocompatibility, low toxicity and good light stability. The optical, magnetic and electronic properties of CDs make them a hugely relevant tool to be used in pharmaceutical analysis, bioimaging, drug delivery, and other fields. The fluorescence of carbon nanodots makes it suitable for assay of some nitrogenous compounds of high pharmaceutical interest. In this work, we develop simple, fast and green spectrophotometric methods for quantification of Azithromycin and Rasagiline mesilate using synthesized fluorescent CDs from garlic peels. Results The spectrometric methods depend on stoichiometric reactions of both drugs with fluorescent CDs. Carbon dots exhibit a declared absorption peak λmax at 238 nm and potent fluorimetric emission at λem 528 nm, upon excitation at λex 376 nm. Drugs' concentrations in ppm are efficiently calculated using Stern-Volmer Equation. Decrease in fluorescence (ΔF = F o - F) and the F-ratio values are linearly correlated to molar concentration of each quencher (drug). A significant linear diminish in the dots' measured absorbance and fluorimetric emission values was observed. Validation of all the developed methods was according to the ICH guidelines. Conclusions In a new way, this work successfully indicates, spectrometric methods for rapid detection of two non-fluorophoric nitrogenous compounds using potent carbon nanodots. Consequently, these green developed methods offer several benefits as simplicity, ease of quantification, accuracy and precision that encourage the application of the developed methods in routine analysis of Azithromycin and Rasagiline mesilate in quality control laboratories as analytical tool. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43088-023-00346-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M. Moustafa
- grid.442603.70000 0004 0377 4159Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wael Talaat
- grid.449014.c0000 0004 0583 5330Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Rasha M. Youssef
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Miranda F. Kamal
- grid.449014.c0000 0004 0583 5330Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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6
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Formulation development and optimization of taste-masked azithromycin oral suspension with ion exchange resins: Bioanalytical method development and validation, in vivo bioequivalence study, and in-silico PBPK modeling for the paediatric population. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Rizk M, El-Alamin MMA, Elkhalek OA, Shallan AI. Development and validation of a novel Spectrofluorimetric method of oral anticoagulant Edoxaban via derivatization with 9-fluorenyl methyl chloroformate: green assessment of the method by Eco-Scale and ComplexGAPI. BMC Chem 2022; 16:102. [PMID: 36424617 PMCID: PMC9685855 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A precise, sensitive eco-friendly, simple, rapid, and derivative spectrofluorimetric method was developed to quantify edoxaban tosylate monohydrate in pure form and pharmaceutical dosage form. Sudden death due to pulmonary embolism as a consequence of coronavirus infection (covid-19) is an emerging problem. As a result, the world health organization introduced new guidelines to treat patients with COVID-19 with oral anticoagulants. Edoxaban tosylate monohydrate is an oral anticoagulant that doesn't require hospitalization after dose adjustment. This spectrofluorimetric method relies on the derivatization by 9-fluorenyl methyl chloroformate at room temperature in borate buffer pH 9.0. After excitation at 265 nm, the product is highly fluorescent at 309 nm. Many experimental factors influencing the reaction's stability and development were thoroughly investigated and optimized. The method validation was evaluated by using ICH guidelines and showed high precision and accuracy with an average percent recovery of 101.46% ± 1.02. The linear range was 5.0-50.0 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999, the LOD was 1.5 ng/mL, and the LOQ was 4.5 ng/mL. The green assessment of the method was achieved utilizing the eco-scale and the Green Analytical Procedure Index. There was no significant difference between the results of the suggested method and those of the reported method according to Statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rizk
- grid.412093.d0000 0000 9853 2750Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P. O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Mahmoud Abou El-Alamin
- grid.412093.d0000 0000 9853 2750Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P. O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola Abd Elkhalek
- grid.412093.d0000 0000 9853 2750Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P. O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aliaa I. Shallan
- grid.412093.d0000 0000 9853 2750Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P. O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Pogăcean F, Varodi C, Măgeruşan L, Stefan-van Staden RI, Pruneanu S. Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Azithromycin with Graphene-Modified Electrode. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6181. [PMID: 36015941 PMCID: PMC9413463 DOI: 10.3390/s22166181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical cell containing two graphite rods was filled with the appropriate electrolyte (0.2 M ammonia + 0.2 M ammonium sulphate) and connected to the exfoliation system to synthesize graphene (EGr). A bias of 7 V was applied between the anode and cathode for 3 h. After synthesis, the morphology and structure of the sample was characterized by SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques. The material was deposited onto the surface of a glassy carbon (GC) electrode (EGr/GC) and employed for the electrochemical detection of azithromycin (AZT). The DPV signals recorded in pH 5 acetate containing 6 × 10-5 M AZT revealed significant differences between the GC and EGr/GC electrodes. For EGr/GC, the oxidation peak was higher and appeared at lower potential (+1.12 V) compared with that of bare GC (+1.35 V). The linear range for AZT obtained with the EGr/GC electrode was very wide, 10-8-10-5 M, the sensitivity was 0.68 A/M, and the detection limit was 3.03 × 10-9 M. It is important to mention that the sensitivity of EGr/GC was three times higher than that of bare GC (0.23 A/M), proving the advantages of using graphene-modified electrodes in the electrochemical detection of AZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina Pogăcean
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103, Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Codruţa Varodi
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103, Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lidia Măgeruşan
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103, Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei Str., 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stela Pruneanu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103, Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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9
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Zhang Y, Bala V, Chhonker YS, Aldhafiri W, John LN, Bjerum CM, King CL, Mitja O, Marks M, Murry DJ. A simple, high-throughput and validated LC-MS/MS method for determination of azithromycin in human plasma and its application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5443. [PMID: 35789011 PMCID: PMC9539494 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, specific and rapid liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to quantify azithromycin concentrations in human plasma. Azithromycin (AZI) is the most common outpatient prescribed antibiotic in the US and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of AZI in many bacterial infections. To support a clinical study, we developed a high throughput LC-MS/MS method to process up to 250 samples per day to quantify AZI in human plasma. Samples were prepared by solid phase extraction. Separation was achieved with an ACE C18 column (2.1 x 100 mm, 1.7 μm) equipped with a C18 guard column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid and methanol/acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The ionization was optimized with positive electrospray source using multiple reaction monitoring transition, m/z 749.50>591.45 for AZI and m/z 754.50>596.45 for AZI-d5. Extraction recoveries were approximately 90% for AZI. The assay was linear from 0.5 to 2000 ng/mL and required only 100 μL of plasma with total analysis time of 4.5 minutes. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of a weight-based dosing protocol for AZI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Veenu Bala
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Yashpal S Chhonker
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Wafaa Aldhafiri
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Lucy N John
- National Department of Health, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Catherine M Bjerum
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher L King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Oriol Mitja
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Michael Marks
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl J Murry
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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10
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Kul A, Ozdemir M, Sagirli O. Pharmacokinetic study of clarithromycin in human breast milk by UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 208:114438. [PMID: 34735993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a validated UPLC-MS/MS method for pharmacokinetic analysis of clarithromycin in human breast milk. For sample preparation, proteins precipitated with methanol and azithromycin were used as internal standards. Clarithromycin and azithromycin detection was achieved using electrospray ionization in positive mode. The chromatographic separation time was 5 min. The lower limit of quantification was 50 ng/mL. The calibration curve of clarithromycin was 50-4000 ng/mL, with a correlation coefficient> 0.99. The method was successfully applied to determine clarithromycin levels in breast milk obtained from a lactating mother after oral administration of a single tablet containing 500 mg of clarithromycin. The maximum human breast milk concentration (Cmax) was 3660 ng/mL, the time to reach the maximum concentration (tmax) was 2.5 h, and the area under curve (AUC0-24) was 18450 ng h/mL. The present study provides a novel UPLC-MS/MS method for pharmacokinetic analysis of clarithromycin in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Kul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34452 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Murat Ozdemir
- Health Application and Research Center Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Üsküdar University, Uskudar, 34662 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Sagirli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34452 Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Li Q, Cai BG, Li L, Xuan J. Oxime Ether Synthesis through O-H Functionalization of Oximes with Diazo Esters under Blue LED Irradiation. Org Lett 2021; 23:6951-6955. [PMID: 34382794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A green and sustainable oxime ether formation method via the visible-light-promoted O-H functionalization of oximes with diazo esters is described. The reaction occurs under very mild conditions (catalyst- and additive-free) with a high yield and a high functional group tolerance. When the reaction was performed with a cyclic ether as the solvent (e.g., THF, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydropyran, ect.), an interesting photochemical three-component reaction product was obtained in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Gui Cai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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12
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Abualhasan M, Qato A, Qrareya S, Khassib T. Method Development of Clarithromycin by Chromophore Addition through Chemical Derivatization. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200415180046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that is active against a variety of
microorganisms. It is widely used in the local and international market in different
pharmaceutical dosage forms. However, its chemical structure lacks a chromophore and hence it
has a low absorption and this makes it more difficult to be detected at low concentrations. In this
research project we proposed an easy and feasible chemical derivatization of clarithromycin to
introduce a chromophore in order to increase its absorptivity at low concentration using a simple
reverse phase HPLC analytical method.
Methodology:
Chemical derivatization of clarithromycin involved an introduction of benzoyl
groups as a chromophore through esterification reaction. A reverse phase analytical HPLC
method was developed to quantify clarithromycin at a very low concentration compared to the
standard official pharmacopeia.
Results:
Clarithromycin was successfully derivatized and a hyperchromic and bathochromic shift to
UV absorption lambda max (λmax) was achieved (λmax = 245nm.) A successful chromatographic
separation was obtained using reverse phase HPLC chromatography. The developed method was
capable of detecting and quantifying clarithromycin at very low concentration. The Limit of
Quantification (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) was found to be 2*10-8 mg/ml and 2*10-6
mg/ml respectively.
Conclusion:
Clarithromycin was successfully derivatized to a chromophore containing
molecule. The developed reverse phase HPLC method is capable to detect and quantify
clarithromycin at a very low concentration. The method can successfully quantify
clarithromycine when present in low concentration such as in biological and enviromental
samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Abualhasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus,Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Amal Qato
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus,Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Salam Qrareya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus,Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Tasneem Khassib
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus,Palestinian Territory, Occupied
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13
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Jiang L, Wang M, Zhang Y, Chen H, Su Y, Wang Y, Lin JS. Preparation and characterization of DNA aptamers against roxithromycin. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1164:338509. [PMID: 33992220 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Roxithromycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely used in human and livestock. It is continually released and accumulated in our natural environment. It exhibited an extreme resistance to microbial biodegradation and has a serious impact on ecosystem and human health. It is in urgent need of establishing a rapid and efficient method for the detection of environmental roxithromycin. This study was based on capture-SELEX to select aptamers against roxithromycin from an initial library containing randomized ssDNA sequences. Candidate aptamers were obtained by 16 rounds of capture-SELEX process. Competent clones were prepared for sequencing. Clone Ap01 was chosen for further characterization. SYBR Green I fluorescence assays showed high affinity with roxithromycin. The dissociation constant of Ap01 was 0.46 ± 0.08 μM. Ap01 bound specifically to roxithromycin with capable of distinguish from non-roxithromycin macrolides. There was no cross reaction with the detected non-macrolide compounds. Accordingly, a colorimetric aptasensor has been developed. It has been demonstrated that the detection limit achieved 0.077 μM. To proof the concept, detections of roxithromycin contained in tap water and lake water were evaluated. It laid a foundation for further study on the detection of roxithromycin in actual aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Jiang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Min Wang
- University Hospital, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Guangzhou Tengwei Technology Application Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510200, Guangdong, China
| | - Haihua Chen
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Su
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, Fujian, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Sheng Lin
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, Fujian, China.
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14
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Hughes CC. Chemical labeling strategies for small molecule natural product detection and isolation. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1684-1705. [PMID: 33629087 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covering: Up to 2020.It is widely accepted that small molecule natural products (NPs) evolved to carry out a particular ecological function and that these finely-tuned molecules can sometimes be appropriated for the treatment of disease in humans. Unfortunately, for the natural products chemist, NPs did not evolve to possess favorable physicochemical properties needed for HPLC-MS analysis. The process known as derivatization, whereby an NP in a complex mixture is decorated with a nonnatural moiety using a derivatizing agent (DA), arose from this sad state of affairs. Here, NPs are freed from the limitations of natural functionality and endowed, usually with some degree of chemoselectivity, with additional structural features that make HPLC-MS analysis more informative. DAs that selectively label amines, carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols, thiols, ketones, and aldehydes, terminal alkynes, electrophiles, conjugated alkenes, and isocyanides have been developed and will be discussed here in detail. Although usually employed for targeted metabolomics, chemical labeling strategies have been effectively applied to uncharacterized NP extracts and may play an increasing role in the detection and isolation of certain classes of NPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chambers C Hughes
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany 72076.
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15
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Use of carbon paste electrode and modified by gold nanoparticles for selected macrolide antibiotics determination as standard and in pharmaceutical preparations. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Mahmoudi A, Tertiş M, Simon LM, Van Schepdael A, De Francia S, Junie LM, Săndulescu R. Correlated quantification using microbiological and electrochemical assays for roxithromycin determination in biological and pharmaceutical samples. Talanta 2020; 211:120703. [PMID: 32070606 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbiological and electrochemical assays, applying the cylinder-plate and differential pulse voltammetry as techniques, are reported for the quantitative determination of roxithromycin in serum and solid pharmaceutical form. The microbiological assay is based upon the inhibitory effect of this drug on the strain Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9372 used as the test microorganism. Linearity of the calibration curve was observed over the concentration range of 8.37-83.70 μg mL-1, with relative standard deviation values less than 5.0%. The electrochemical behavior of roxithromycin was studied at a graphite screen-printed electrode modified with graphene by using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The current value of the oxidative peak obtained for roxithromycin at 0.65 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 0.03 mol L-1 phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) with a scan rate of 0.1 V-1 is a linear function of the concentration in a range of 4.19-83.70 μg mL-1 (5-100 μmol L-1). A comparative study was carried out and both methods were applied for the determination of roxithromycin in solid dosage forms and spiked serum. The bioassay results of human serum samples were in accordance with the electrochemical ones (R2 = 0.988, P < 0.001), and the Bland-Altman method also showed good agreement between the values obtained by both procedures. Moreover, the statistical comparison indicated that there was no significant difference between the proposed techniques regarding both accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelghani Mahmoudi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of 20 August 1955 - Skikda, P.O. Box 26, El-Hadaiek Road, 21000, Skikda, Algeria; Farmaceutische Analyse, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, KU Leuven, O&N2, PB 923, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mihaela Tertiş
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura-Mihaela Simon
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Farmaceutische Analyse, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, KU Leuven, O&N2, PB 923, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia De Francia
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Lia-Monica Junie
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Robert Săndulescu
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Stability Indicating HPLC-ECD Method for the Analysis of Clarithromycin in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Method Scaling versus Re-Validation. Sci Pharm 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm87040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method using electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) for the quantitation of clarithromycin (CLA) was developed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a Central Composite Design (CCD). The method was validated using International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines with an analytical run time of 20 min. Method re-validation following a change in analytical column was successful in reducing the analytical run time to 13 min, decreasing solvent consumption thus facilitating environmental and financial sustainability. The applicability of using the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) method scaling approach in place of method re-validation using a column with a different L–designation to the original analytical column, was investigated. The scaled method met all USP system suitability requirements for resolution, tailing factor and % relative standard deviation (RSD). The re-validated and scaled method was successfully used to resolve CLA from manufacturing excipients in commercially available dosage forms. Although USP method scaling is only permitted for columns within the same L-designation, these data suggest that it may also be applicable to columns of different designation.
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Sherazi STH, Mahesar SA, Sirajuddin, Malah MA. Brief Overview of Frequently used Macrolides and Analytical Techniques for their Assessment. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180917105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Macrolide antibiotics are known as versatile broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Macrolides belong to the oldest group of antibacterial agents. The macrolides which are frequently
used for clinical purposes are broadly categorized in three classes depending on the number of
membered macrocyclic lactone ring. These three classes actually consist of 14, 15 or 16 atoms in macrocyclic
lactone ring which are linked through glycosidic bonds. Erythromycin, azithromycin clarithromycin
and roxithromycin are frequently used to control against bacterial infections.
Methods:
The quality assurance and quality controls are important tasks in the pharmaceutical industries.
Consequently, to check the quality of drugs, there is a strong need to know about alternative
analytical methods for the routine analysis. Many methods have been reported in the literature for the
quantitative determination of erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin in
pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples.
Results:
This review will cover a brief introduction of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin and
roxithromycin as well as analytical techniques for their assessment. Each developed method has its
own merits and demerits.
Conclusion:
Any accurate method could be used for the quality control and quality assurance of
macrolide antibiotics according to the availability, performance and procedure of selected instrument
as well as skill and expertise of the analyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro-76080, Pakistan
| | - Sirajuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro-76080, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Malah
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro-76080, Pakistan
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Sadahira T, Wada K, Ikawa K, Morikawa N, Mitsui M, Araki M, Fujiyoshi M, Ishii A, Watanabe M, Watanabe T, Nasu Y. Clinical pharmacokinetics of oral azithromycin in epididymal tissue. J Infect Chemother 2019; 25:832-834. [PMID: 31255523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the major pathogens causing acute epididymitis. Azithromycin (AZM) has a good efficacy against C. trachomatis; however, the ability of AZM to penetrate into human epididymal tissue has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we examined the appropriate dosage of oral AZM for human epididymal tissue by site-specific pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis. METHODS Patients with prostate cancer who underwent orchiectomy were included in this study. All patients received a 1-g dose of AZM before orchiectomy. Both epididymal tissue and blood samples were collected during surgery, and the drug concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. All concentration-time data were analyzed with a three-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination processes to simulate AZM concentrations in serum and epididymal tissue. RESULTS A total of 10 patients were enrolled in the current study. For the observed values, the ratio of the epididymal concentration to the serum concentration was 5.13 ± 3.71 (mean ± standard deviation). For the simulated values, the maximum concentrations were 0.64 μg/mL at 2.42 h in serum and 1.96 μg/g at 4.10 h in epididymal tissue. The 24-h concentrations were 0.239 μg/mL in serum and 0.795 μg/g in epididymal tissue. CONCLUSIONS The penetration of oral AZM into human epididymal tissue was examined to assess the potential application of AZM for the treatment of acute epididymitis. Based on the previous reports mentioning drug-susceptibility of C. trachomatis, multiple doses of oral AZM 1 g would be recommended for epididymitis based on the site-specific PK/PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sadahira
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Kazuro Ikawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapy, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Norifumi Morikawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapy, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masao Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masachika Fujiyoshi
- Department of Personalized Medicine and Preventive Healthcare Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ayano Ishii
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toyohiko Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Nasu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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20
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Al-Hakkani MF. A rapid, developed and validated RP-HPLC method for determination of azithromycin. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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21
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Jafari S, Dehghani M, Nasirizadeh N, Azimzadeh M. An azithromycin electrochemical sensor based on an aniline MIP film electropolymerized on a gold nano urchins/graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Margaritis VK, Ismailos GS, Naxakis SS, Mastronikolis NS, Goumas PD. Sinus Fluid Penetration of Oral Clarithromycin and Azithromycin in Patients with Acute Rhinosinusitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 21:574-8. [DOI: 10.2500/ajr.2007.21.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the extracellular concentration and the degree of sinus fluid penetration of newer macrolides, within the first 24–48 hours of treatment in patients with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS), choosing clarithromycin and azithromycin as model antibiotics. An open, noninterventional pharmacokinetic study was performed at a tertiary teaching hospital. Methods In 36 outpatients with ABRS, sinus fluid aspirates and serum samples were collected 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours or 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after the administration of three doses of oral clarithromycin, 500 mg, twice daily or two doses of oral azithromycin, 500 mg, once daily, respectively. Drug concentrations were determined in both matrices by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection, and the pH was estimated for all sinus fluid samples. Results The average clarithromycin sinus fluid concentration was found to be significantly higher than the corresponding azithromycin concentration (2.47 mg/L versus 0.65 mg/L), while the extent of the average sinus fluid penetration, expressed by the ratio of drug concentration in tissue versus serum, was similar for both drugs (115 and 120%, respectively). Conclusion In patients with ABRS, clarithromycin and azithromycin present adequate penetration into sinus fluid to eradicate erythromycin-sensitive strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Considering their comparative in vitro activity, the sinus fluid pH effect, and their sinus fluid penetration profile, we may conclude that among the erythromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae strains, clarithromycin might be advantageous over azithromycin in eradicating some of the low-level resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George S. Ismailos
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos S. Naxakis
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Panos D. Goumas
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Aktaş AH, Sarıdağ AM. Liquid Chromatographic–Chemometric Techniques for the Simultaneous HPLC Determination of Lansoprazole, Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin in Commercial Preparation. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:798-804. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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24
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Ding J, Zhang F, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang C, Zhao Q, Xu Y, Ding L, Ren N. Determination of roxithromycin from human plasma samples based on magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymers followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectromer. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1021:221-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Vessally E, Abdoli M. Oxime ethers as useful synthons in the synthesis of a number of key medicinal heteroaromatic compounds. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-0838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Vajdle O, Guzsvány V, Škorić D, Anojčić J, Jovanov P, Avramov-Ivić M, Csanádi J, Kónya Z, Petrović S, Bobrowski A. Voltammetric behavior of erythromycin ethylsuccinate at a renewable silver-amalgam film electrode and its determination in urine and in a pharmaceutical preparation. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Mirjafary Z, Abdoli M, Saeidian H, Kakanejadifard A, Farnia SMF. Review of the synthesis of acyclic and cyclic oxime ethers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25591k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxime ethers have attracted much attention due to their potential biological activities and wide variety of synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mirjafary
- Department of Chemistry
- Tehran Science and Research Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Morteza Abdoli
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Lorestan University
- Khorramabad
- Iran
| | - Hamid Saeidian
- Department of Science
- Payame Noor University (PNU)
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Ali Kakanejadifard
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Lorestan University
- Khorramabad
- Iran
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28
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Microbiological assay for the analysis of certain macrolides in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2015; 491:285-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Soleymanpour A, Nadimi N. Construction of a Novel Carbon Paste Clarithromycin Sensor for Low Level Concentration Measurement, Applications to Pharmaceutical and Biological Analysis. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Wang Z, Song X, Zhou T, Bian K, Zhang F, He L, Liu Q. Simultaneous determination of ten macrolides drugs in feeds by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporation light scattering detection. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12623h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous determination of ten macrolides drugs using HPLC-ELSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongnan Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU)
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xuqin Song
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU)
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Tong Zhou
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU)
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Kui Bian
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU)
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- Centre of Veterinary Drug Residues (MOA)
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Limin He
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU)
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qingying Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU)
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
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31
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Ali M, Sherazi S, Mahesar S. Quantification of erythromycin in pharmaceutical formulation by transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. ARAB J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Filist M, Buś-Kwaśnik K, Ksycińska H, Rudzki PJ. Simplified LC–MS/MS method enabling the determination of azithromycin in human plasma after a low 100 mg dose administration. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 100:184-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Raval PL, Mehta FA, Ahir KB, Bhatt KK. SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF AZITHROMYCIN DIHYDRATE AND CEFIXIME TRIHYDRATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION BY HPTLC METHOD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.706859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka L. Raval
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis , Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy , New Vallabh Vidyanagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Falgun A. Mehta
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis , Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy , New Vallabh Vidyanagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Keyur B. Ahir
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis , Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy , New Vallabh Vidyanagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Kashyap K. Bhatt
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis , Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy , New Vallabh Vidyanagar , Gujarat , India
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An optimal LC-MS/MS method for determination of azithromycin in white blood cells: application to pediatric samples. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2317-28. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies suggest that particular antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of azithromycin (AZM) can be related to its extensive accumulation in white blood cells (WBCs). However, available methods for determination of AZM in WBCs require large blood volumes unsuited to a pediatric context. Therefore, an LC-MS/MS method was developed for determination of AZM in WBCs. Results: WBCs were isolated from 500 µl of whole blood by lysing red blood cells. Then, lysis of WBCs was performed with methanol/buffer containing AZM-d3-13C as internal standard. After reversed phase LC, detection was performed under multiple reaction monitoring conditions in positive electrospray mode. Linearity ranged from 0.5 to 200 ng per WBC sample. Within-run and overall accuracy and precision ranged from 95.3 to 101.1% and from 1.6 to 4.7%, respectively. All validation parameters fulfilled international requirements. Conclusions: This method can be easily performed on small samples and provides reliable data, including in children and neonates.
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Cai HL, Wang F, Li HD, Peng WX, Zhu RH, Deng Y, Jiang P, Yan M, Hu SM, Lei SY, Chen C. Quantitative analysis of erythromycylamine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a bioequivalence study of dirithromycin enteric-coated tablets with a special focus on the fragmentation pattern and carryover effect. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 947-948:156-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Robaina NF, de Paula CER, Brum DM, de la Guardia M, Garrigues S, Cassella RJ. Novel approach for the determination of azithromycin in pharmaceutical formulations by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in film-through transmission mode. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jain A, Jain A, Jain A. Sensitive polarographic electrochemical determination of clarithromycin in blood serum. J Young Pharm 2013; 5:70-2. [PMID: 24023459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jyp.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clarithromycin is an antibacterial widely used for the treatment of a myriad of infections. Various methods including HPLC have been reported for its drug plasma concentration but they are more complex. In this study, we developed an electrochemical method for estimation of clarithromycin in blood using differential pulse polarography (DPP) after oral administration of pure clarithromycin suspension. The differential pulse polarography of clarithromycin showed peak with peak potential Ep is -1460 mV SCE at pH 6.5 ± 0.1. The developed electrochemical method was standardized and validated for the determination of clarithromycin in blood serum of albino rats. PK analysis included C max, T max, AUC0-24, elimination rate constant (Kel) and t1/2. C max were found to be 1.34 ± 0.16 mg/ml and 1.99 ± 0.22 mg/ml for plain clarithromycin and suspension formulation, respectively. Effects of ammonium tartarate concentration and pH were also studied as specificity parameters. Developed electrochemical method was found to be simple, accurate method for to estimate blood-clarithromycin profile and can also be used similarly for various dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
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Sharma K, Mullangi R. A concise review of HPLC, LC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods for determination of azithromycin in various biological matrices. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1243-58. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Sharma
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb; Yeshwanthpur; Bangalore; 560 022; India
| | - Ramesh Mullangi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb; Yeshwanthpur; Bangalore; 560 022; India
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Ben-Eltriki M, Somayaji V, Padwal RS, Brocks DR. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric method for the quantification of azithromycin in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1012-7. [PMID: 23494651 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for the quantification of azithromycin in human plasma was developed. Azithromycin and imipramine (as internal standard, IS) were extracted from 0.5 mL human plasma using extraction with diethyl ether under alkaline conditions. Chromatographic separation of drug and IS was performed using a C18 column at room temperature. A mobile phase consisting of methanol, water, ammonium hydroxide and ammonium acetate was pumped at 0.2 mL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated in positive ion mode and selected ion recording acquisition mode. The ions utilized for quantification of azithromycin and IS were m/z 749.6 (M + H)(+) and m/z 591.4 (fragment) for azithromycin, and 281.1 m/z for internal standard; retention times were 6.9 and 3.4 min, respectively. The calibration curves were linear (r(2) > 0.999) in the concentration ranges of 10-1000 ng/mL. The mean absolute recoveries for 50 and 500 ng/mL azithromycin and 1 µg/ mL IS were >75%. The percentage coefficient of variation and mean error were <11%. Based on validation data, the lower limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL. The present method was successfully applied to determine azithromycin pharmacokinetic parameters in two obese volunteers. The assay had applicability for use in pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ben-Eltriki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-142H Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Raghunatha K, George JP. Periodontal tissue and serum concentration of clarithromycin after systemic administration in patients affected by chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2013; 84:e17-22. [PMID: 23451987 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.120521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the past two decades, dentists and microbiologists have relied on periodontal antibiotic therapy in the management of periodontitis. This association has accumulated and strengthened exponentially. Macrolides attain high therapeutic concentrations in infected tissue, so they are potentially a good choice for inhibiting invasive periodontal pathogens. Clarithromycin accumulates in phagocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts, polymorphonuclear cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes. These cells are more numerous at inflamed sites, so it is reasonable to expect clarithromycin levels to be higher in periodontally diseased sites. This study determines the distribution profile of clarithromycin in the gingiva of patients with periodontitis compared to serum after systemic administration of clarithromycin. METHODS Twenty patients (14 males and six females, aged 25 to 45 years) with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in the study. Gingival index and plaque index were recorded at baseline and 3 days after administration of 500 mg clarithromycin, twice daily, for 3 days. Intravenous blood and biopsy of periodontal tissue samples were taken on the third day. These samples were analyzed for detection of clarithromycin concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Approximately 6 hours after the last dose of clarithromycin, mean clarithromycin concentrations in serum and periodontal tissue were 0.465 μg/mL and 2.61 μg/g, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Clarithromycin can attain higher levels in gingiva than serum of patients with periodontitis. This distribution profile of clarithromycin can thus be advantageous in the management of periodontal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Raghunatha
- Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Darwish KM, Salama I, Mostafa S, El-Sadek M. RP-HPLC/Pre-Column Derivatization for Analysis of Omeprazole, Tinidazole, Doxycycline and Clarithromycin. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:566-76. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Almeida VGK, Braga VSM, Pacheco WF, Cassella RJ. Fluorescence Determination of Azithromycin in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Using the Synchronous Scanning Approach After its Acid Derivatization. J Fluoresc 2012; 23:31-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-012-1111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bekele LK, Gebeyehu GG. Application of Different Analytical Techniques and Microbiological Assays for the Analysis of Macrolide Antibiotics from Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Biological Matrices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/859473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Macrolides are a group of drugs whose activity stems from the presence of a macrolide ring, a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars may be attached. They are produced by Streptomyces species and used primarily against gram-positive bacteria. The determination of antibiotics, including macrolides, is mainly carried out by microbiological assays. However, microbiological assays tended to lack specificity. And hence to overcome this problem, lots of chemical and instrumental methods have been developed to determine macrolides separately as well as simultaneously. Different chromatographic, spectrophotometric, and electrochemical methods used for the determination of macrolides have been reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lantider Kassaye Bekele
- Food and Drug quality Control Laboratory, Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa 5681, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Genete Gebeyehu
- Food and Drug quality Control Laboratory, Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa 5681, Ethiopia
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Wahba MEK. Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Roxithromycin: Application to Stability Studies. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:44-52. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Loya P, Hamrapurkar P. A simple, rapid, and sensitive HPTLC method for the estimation of clarithromycin: Application to single dose clinical study. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.6.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Semak IV, Alekseev NA, Korik EO, Drobyshevskii AM, Antonova MV. Determination of roxythromycin in blood serum by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810121044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Choemunng A, Na-Bangchang K. AN ALTERNATIVE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF AZITHROMYCIN IN HUMAN PLASMA AND ITS APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2010.489009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Choemunng
- a Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus) , Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - K. Na-Bangchang
- a Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus) , Pathumthani, Thailand
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Shen Y, Yin C, Su M, Tu J. Rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the quantification of topically applied azithromycin in rabbit conjunctiva tissues. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:99-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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de Velde F, Alffenaar JWC, Wessels AMA, Greijdanus B, Uges DR. Simultaneous determination of clarithromycin, rifampicin and their main metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1771-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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