1
|
Dinçel A, Kızıltunç PB, Atilla H, Onur F, Demirel S. Chromatographic Analysis of Aqueous Humor of Bupivacaine in Different Administration Approaches. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:688-691. [PMID: 35907778 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Different administration approaches were investigated for the selection of bupivacaine administration type and a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed. Developed method was validated and applied for the determination of bupivacaine in rabbit aqueous humor. The separation was achieved using a XTerra, C8 (250 × 8 mm i.d., particle size 5 μm) analytical column with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (pH = 3.0, 20 mM; 30:70, v/v). Bupivacaine detection was performed by Diode Array detector (DAD) at 220 nm. The retention times for bupivacaine is 15.886 min. HPLC-DAD method was linear in the range of 75-4000 ng/mL. The limit of detection was 25 ng/mL and the limit of quantification of bupivacaine was found to be 75 ng/mL (relative standard deviation, RSD ≤ 15%, n = 6). In intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy analysis, the RSD was found to be in the range of 0.96 and 7.98%, the bias values were 0.64 and 3.33%. Method was carried out for three different type of bupivacaine application because of the investigation of effective drug administration. Twenty aqueous humor samples were in the range of 0.642 and 5.124 μg/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Dinçel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Huban Atilla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feyyaz Onur
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Demirel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Istenič S, Cvetko E, Zabret J, Stopar Pintarič T, Umek N. Determination of bupivacaine tissue concentration in human biopsy samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5198. [PMID: 34121212 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed a simple and rapid analytical method for the quantification of bupivacaine hydrochloride in human biopsy samples of adipose, muscle, neural, connective and cartilage tissue using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anesthetics were extracted from the tissue samples using 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile for protein denaturation and hexane for removal of lipophilic impurities. Analytes were separated adequately on Phenomenex Luna Omega polar C18 column using a gradient mobile phase 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. The lower limits of quantification were ≤ 97 ng g-1 tissue for all studied tissues. Intra-day recoveries were between 48.2% and 82.1% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 1.47% and 14.28%, whereas inter-day recoveries were between 52.2% and 77.6% with RSDs between 2.98% and 14.79%. The calibration curve showed a linear fit with R2 higher than 0.99 in the concentration range from 0.16 to 100 μg g-1 . Lidocaine hydrochloride was tested as internal standard because its recoveries and matrix effects were comparable to bupivacaine hydrochloride. Post-analytical corrections of measured bupivacaine tissue concentrations can accordingly be made based on recovery of lidocaine as internal standard, with recoveries between 51.2% and 86.9% and RSDs between 1.99% and 16.88%. The developed method could be used to study time-dependent spread of bupivacaine locally or to more distant locations across tissue barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Istenič
- Core Facility, Helios TBLUS, Domžale, Slovenia.,Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Erika Cvetko
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joži Zabret
- Core Facility, Helios TBLUS, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Tatjana Stopar Pintarič
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Umek
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang R, Gan J, Li R, Duan J, Zhou J, Lv M, Qi R. Controlled delivery of ketamine from reduced graphene oxide hydrogel for neuropathic pain: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
4
|
Zarad W, El-Gendy H, Ali A, Aboulella Y, Emara S. Integration of Solid-Phase Extraction and Reversed-Phase Chromatography in Single Protein-Coated Columns for Direct Injection of Bupivacaine in Human Serum. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:535-541. [PMID: 32303751 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, reliable and precise integrated solid-phase extraction (SPE) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography method was developed and validated to determine bupivacaine in human serum using single protein-coated analytical columns. The protein-coated columns were packed with four different sorbents: TSK-ODS, LiChrosorb RP-8, LiChrosorb RP-2 and μ-Bondapak CN-bonded silica. The method involved direct injection of serum sample onto the columns for trapping of the analyte, clean-up from weakly retained serum endogenous components, as well as the final separation. The protein-coated columns operated in two different chromatographic modes. Serum proteins were extracted and cleaned up by SPE, whereas the final separation of bupivacaine was based on reversed-phase chromatography. The protein-coated TSK-ODS column resulted in more accurate peak integration and more reproducible results. A linear relationship between the concentrations of drug and peak areas was confirmed in the range of 100-2000 ng/mL. Detection and quantification limits were 24.85 and 85.36 ng/mL, respectively. The average recovery for bupivacaine ranged from 96.48% to 98.81%. The present methodology was successfully applied, with a high degree of confidence, to analyze clinical samples obtained from patient receiving 0.5% bupivacaine therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Zarad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Heba El-Gendy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Laboratory for Single Cell Mass Spectrometry, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.,Research Center, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Aboulella
- Laboratory for Single Cell Mass Spectrometry, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.,Research Center, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Samy Emara
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kurzweil L, Danyeli L, Şen ZD, Fejtova A, Walter M, Gensberger-Reigl S. Targeted mass spectrometry of ketamine and its metabolites cis-6-hydroxynorketamine and norketamine in human blood serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122214. [PMID: 32531641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine (KET) was originally developed as an anesthetic agent but has also attracted attention for further clinical applications such as medical treatment of depression or pain. The use of KET induces dissociation and emergence delirium. Due to these effects, KET has a high potential for abuse. In order to investigate metabolization of KET or to confirm misuse of KET, highly sensitive analytical methods that cover KET and its metabolites are necessary. A new analytical approach for simultaneous analysis of KET and its metabolites cis-6-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) and norketamine (NK) was established. The compounds were extracted from human blood serum by ultrafiltration and solid phase extraction with subsequent vacuum evaporation. The compounds were analyzed by non-enantioselective ultra-high performance micro-flow liquid chromatography (Waters ACQUITY UPLC® M-Class HSS T3 column, 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid, 14 µL/min flow rate) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in positive scheduled multiple reaction monitoring mode. Validation parameters such as linearity, precision, recovery, accuracy, stability, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) were proven. LOD for KET and NK was 0.08 ng/mL and LOQ were 0.5 ng/mL and 0.6 ng/mL, respectively. For HNK, LOD was 0.1 ng/mL and LOQ 0.8 ng/mL. The method was then successfully applied to quantify KET, HNK, and NK in blood serum samples from subjects who received KET intravenously. A novel method for the simultaneous analysis of KET, NK, and HNK was established. This new method could now be used for clinical trials investigating KET and its metabolites HNK and NK or for forensic analysis in order to confirm KET abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kurzweil
- Food Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Danyeli
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Zümrüt Duygu Şen
- University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Anna Fejtova
- Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; University Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gensberger-Reigl
- Food Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
AlRabiah H, Homoda A, Bakheit A, AE Mostafa G. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPolyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane sensors were constructed and developed for the determination of procainamide HCl (PR). Three membrane sensors incorporating α-, β- and γ- cyclodextrin (CD) as ionophores with potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB) as the ion additive, o-nitro phenyl ether (o-NPOE) as the plasticizer and a PVC matrix. The reaction mechanisms were based on inclusion complexes. The developed α- and β- CD sensors exhibited near-Nernstian profile, whereas γ- CD showed a non-Nernstian response. At pH 4 -8, the sensors exhibited a calibration range for PR of 10-3 to 10−6, and the detection limits were 2.40 × 10-6, 2.12 × 10-6, 2.40 × 10-6 for α-, β- and γ- CD sensors, respectively. Interference was investigated by studying the selectivity coefficient values of the test sensors, which indicated that the methods were free from interference from investigated species. The determination of PR exhibited high recovery and favorable relative standard deviation using the investigated sensors. The sensors were subsequently used for the quantification of PR in a pharmaceutical formulation and the potentiometric results agreed with those of a spectrophotometric method. A molecular docking (MD) study was used to predict the structure of the inclusion complexes of PR (guest) and α- or β- or γ-CD (host). The study results indicated that the formed complexes were stable with sufficient binding energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atef Homoda
- Micro-analytical Lab., Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal AE Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Micro-analytical Lab., Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McDougall SA, Park GI, Ramirez GI, Gomez V, Adame BC, Crawford CA. Sex-dependent changes in ketamine-induced locomotor activity and ketamine pharmacokinetics in preweanling, adolescent, and adult rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:740-755. [PMID: 30981586 PMCID: PMC7059997 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although ketamine has long been known to increase locomotor activity, only recently was it realized that this behavioral effect varies according to both sex and age. The purpose of the present study was threefold: first, to measure the locomotor activating effects of ketamine in male and female rats across early ontogeny and into adulthood; second, to assess ketamine and norketamine pharmacokinetics in the dorsal striatum and hippocampus of the same age groups; and, third, to use curvilinear regression to determine the relationship between locomotor activity and dorsal striatal concentrations of ketamine and norketamine. A high dose of ketamine (80 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered in order to examine the complete cycle of locomotor responsiveness across a 280-min testing session. In separate groups of rats, the dorsal striata and hippocampi were removed at 10 time points (0-360 min) after ketamine administration and samples were assayed for ketamine, norketamine, and dopamine using HPLC. In female rats, ketamine produced high levels of locomotor activity that varied only slightly among age groups. Male preweanling rats responded like females, but adolescent and adult male rats exhibited lesser amounts of ketamine-induced locomotor activity. Ketamine and norketamine pharmacokinetics, especially peak values and area under the curve, generally mirrored age- and sex-dependent differences in locomotor activity. Among male rats and younger female rats, dorsal striatal ketamine and norketamine levels accounted for a large proportion of the variance in locomotor activity. In adult female rats, however, an additional factor, perhaps involving other ketamine and norketamine metabolites, was influencing locomotor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanders A McDougall
- Department of Psychology, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA.
| | - Ginny I Park
- Department of Psychology, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - Goretti I Ramirez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - Vanessa Gomez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - Brittnee C Adame
- Department of Psychology, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - Cynthia A Crawford
- Department of Psychology, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Determination of ketamine and its main metabolites by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in pig plasma: Comparison of extraction methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 146:369-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
9
|
Quantification of bupivacaine hydrochloride and isoflupredone acetate residues in porcine muscle, beef, milk, egg, shrimp, flatfish, and eel using a simplified extraction method coupled with liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1065-1066:29-34. [PMID: 28946122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple analytical approach has been developed and validated for the determination of bupivacaine hydrochloride and isoflupredone acetate residues in porcine muscle, beef, milk, egg, shrimp, flatfish, and eel using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A 0.1% solution of acetic acid in acetonitrile combined with n-hexane was used for deproteinization and defatting of all tested matrices and the target drugs were well separated on a Waters Xbridge™ C18 analytical column using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% acetic acid (A) and 0.1% solution of acetic acid in methanol (B). The linearity estimated from six-point matrix-matched calibrations was good, with coefficients of determination ≥0.9873. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for bupivacaine hydrochloride and isoflupredone acetate were 1 and 2ngg-1, respectively. Recovery percentages in the ranges of 72.51-112.39% (bupivacaine hydrochloride) and 72.58-114.56% (isoflupredone acetate) were obtained from three different fortification concentrations with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of <15.14%. All samples for the experimental work and method application were collected from the local markets in Seoul, Republic of Korea, and none of them tested positive for the target drugs. In conclusion, a simple method using a 0.1% solution of acetic acid in acetonitrile and n-hexane followed by LC-MS/MS could effectively extract bupivacaine hydrochloride and isoflupredone acetate from porcine muscle, beef, milk, egg, shrimp, flatfish, and eel samples.
Collapse
|
10
|
Göktaş EF, Arıöz F. A review of chromatographic methods for ketamine and its metabolites norketamine and dehydronorketamine. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
11
|
Duan HB, Cao JT, Yang JJ, Wang H, Liu YM. Simultaneous determination of four local anesthetics by CE with ECL and study on interaction between procainamide and human serum albumin. Talanta 2016; 154:341-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
12
|
Hoonka S, Durgbanshi A, Esteve-Romero J, Dubey NP, Bose D. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF THREE STUPEFACIENTS IN FOODSTUFF USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.789800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhra Hoonka
- a Department of Criminology and Forensic Science , Dr. Harisingh Gour University , Sagar (MP) , India
| | | | | | - Neeti Prakesh Dubey
- d Himachal Pradesh Regional Forensic Science Laboratory , Dharamshala (HP) , India
| | - Devasish Bose
- a Department of Criminology and Forensic Science , Dr. Harisingh Gour University , Sagar (MP) , India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu GJ, Chan H, Lee MR, Chen CY, Yang DY, Cheng FC. Simultaneous Measurement of Urinary Ketamine, Norketamine, and Dehydronorketamine by Liquid Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200700051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
14
|
Sori F, Romagnoli N, Ferrara D, Zaghini A, Roncada P. Plasma and Red Blood Cells Concentration Profiles of Ktamine after Single Intravenous Administration in an Anaesthetic Protocol in Horses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2013.32022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
15
|
Caris JA, Silva BJG, Moisés ECD, Lanchote VL, Queiroz MEC. Automated analysis of lidocaine and its metabolite in plasma by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with LC-UV for pharmacokinetic study. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:734-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juciene Aparecida Caris
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Bruno José Gonçalves Silva
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | | | - Vera Lúcia Lanchote
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Costa Queiroz
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zonca A, Ravasio G, Gallo M, Montesissa C, Carli S, Villa R, Cagnardi P. Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and propofol combination administered as ketofol via continuous infusion in cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:580-7. [PMID: 22283551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of the extemporaneous combination of low doses of ketamine and propofol, known as 'ketofol', frequently used for emergency procedures in humans to achieve safe sedation and analgesia was studied in cats. The study was performed to assess propofol, ketamine and norketamine kinetics in six female cats that received ketamine and propofol (1:1 ratio) as a loading dose (2 mg/kg each, IV) followed by a continuous infusion (10 mg/kg/h each, IV, 25 min of length). Blood samples were collected during the infusion period and up to 24 h afterwards. Drug quantification was achieved by HPLC analysis using UV-visible detection for ketamine and fluorimetric detection for propofol. The pharmacokinetic parameters were deduced by a two-compartment bolus plus infusion model for propofol and ketamine and a monocompartmental model for norketamine. Additional data were derived by a noncompartmental analysis. Propofol and ketamine were quantifiable in most animals until 24 and 8 h after the end of infusion, respectively. Propofol showed a long elimination half-life (t(1/2λ2) 7.55 ± 9.86 h), whereas ketamine was characterized by shorter half-life (t(1/2λ2) 4 ± 3.4 h) owing to its rapid biotransformation into norketamine. The clinical significance of propofol's long elimination half-life and low clearance is negligible when the drug is administered as short-term and low-dosage infusion. The concurrent administration of ketamine and propofol in cats did not produce adverse effects although it was not possible to exclude interference in the metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Zonca
- Department of Veterinary Science and Technologies for Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li P, Han H, Zhai X, He W, Sun L, Hou J. Simultaneous HPLC-UV Determination of Ketamine, Xylazine, and Midazolam in Canine Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:108-13. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmr036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
18
|
Zhang W, Su P, Yang Y, Guo Z. DEVELOPMENT OF A SENSITIVE BIOTIN–AVIDIN AMPLIFIED ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF KETAMINE IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2010; 31:205-16. [DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2010.488613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
19
|
Chong C, Schug SA, Page-Sharp M, Jenkins B, Ilett KF. Development of a Sublingual/Oral Formulation of Ketamine for Use in Neuropathic Pain. Clin Drug Investig 2009; 29:317-24. [DOI: 10.2165/00044011-200929050-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
20
|
Determination of ketamine and norketamine in plasma by micro-liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:171-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Salama NN, Wang S. Quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in authentic, pharmaceutical and spiked human plasma without chromatographic separation. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2008; 4:11-9. [PMID: 19652756 PMCID: PMC2716674 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study employs time of flight mass and bupivacaine in authentic, pharmaceutical and spiked human plasma as well as in the presence of their impurities 2,6-dimethylaniline and alkaline degradation product. The method is based on time of flight electron spray ionization mass spectrometry technique without preliminary chromatographic separation and makes use of bupivacaine as internal standard for ropivacaine, which is used as internal standard for bupivacaine. A linear relationship between drug concentrations and the peak intensity ratio of ions of the analyzed substances is established. The method is linear from 23.8 to 2380.0 ng mL(-1) for both drugs. The correlation coefficient was >or=0.996 in authentic and spiked human plasma. The average percentage recoveries in the ranges of 95.39%-102.75% was obtained. The method is accurate (% RE < 5%) and reproducible with intra- and inter-assay precision (RSD% < 8.0%). The quantification limit is 23.8 ng mL(-1) for both drugs. The method is not only highly sensitive and selective, but also simple and effective for determination or identification of both drugs in authentic and biological fluids. The method can be applied in purity testing, quality control and stability monitoring for the studied drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahla N Salama
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 6-Abu Hazem Street, Pyramids Ave, PO Box 29, 35521 Giza, Egypt.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Roncada P, Romagnoli N, Spadari A, di Fabio P, Nigro V, Zaghini A. Ketamine Levels in Plasma and Red Blood Cells after Intravenous Administration in the Horse. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31 Suppl 1:327-9. [PMID: 17682906 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-0105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Roncada
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang TM, Zhang HY, Chen NZ, Deng CH, Liu Z, Duan GL. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Peptides in a Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, Lu-Ying-Ke-Li. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
24
|
Jen HP, Tsai YC, Su HL, Hsieh YZ. On-line preconcentration and determination of ketamine and norketamine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1111:159-65. [PMID: 16569575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Revised: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated a rapid, simple, and highly efficient on-line preconcentration method using in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) for the analysis of abused drugs. Ketamine is an anesthetic that has been abused as a hallucinogen. We applied the sample sweeping technique first to ketamine and its major metabolite, norketamine, and separated the analytes with MEKC. Several of the sweeping MEKC parameters to effect successful separations, such as the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the injection time, and the applied voltage were optimized. The improvements in the number of theoretical plates under the different separation conditions are presented clearly in a three-dimensional representation. The limits of detection were 2.8, 3.4, and 3.3 ng/mL for ketamine, norketamine, and ketamine-D(4), respectively. The enrichment factor for each compound was within the range of 540-800. Experimental results are in agreement with those of analysis conducted by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Therefore, we believe that sweeping, combined with MEKC, represents a suitable complementary method to GC/MS for use in clinical and forensic analyses of ketamine and norketamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ping Jen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan ROC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang Z, Zhao Q, Kang S, Chen B, Ma M, Yao S. Determination of Local Anesthetics in Human Plasma by Liquid-Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(06)60009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
26
|
Ma M, Kang S, Zhao Q, Chen B, Yao S. Liquid-phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of local anaesthetics in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:128-35. [PMID: 16076540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Revised: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) device combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is presented for the simultaneous analysis of local anaesthetics, lidocaine, bupivacaine, and tetracaine, from human urine sample. An organic solvent showed good compatibility with the mobile phase of the HPLC, o-dibutyl phthalate, was selected. Local anaesthetics are extracted from 6 ml of the feed aqueous solution and human urine sample into a water-immiscible organic solvent suspended at the needle tip of the microsyringe, then the organic solvent was directly introduced to a reversed-phase HPLC system. The kind of the organic extraction solvent, the stirring rate, the pH value of the aqueous feed solution, and the extraction time have been discussed. Under the optimized extraction conditions, high enrichment factors (more than 86.0-fold) and significant sample clean-up for all of studied local anaesthetics were achieved within 30 min. The detection limits (lower than 0.05 microg/ml) were comparable with previously reported gas chromatography methods. This method was applied to specimen of patient who was treated with extradural anaesthesia of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and tetracaine, and revealed that simultaneous determination of above three local anaesthetics in human urine was possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Salmi E, Långsjö JW, Aalto S, Någren K, Metsähonkala L, Kaisti KK, Korpi ER, Hietala J, Scheinin H. Subanesthetic ketamine does not affect 11C-flumazenil binding in humans. Anesth Analg 2005; 101:722-725. [PMID: 16115981 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000156951.83242.8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) studies suggest that propofol and inhaled anesthetics increase (11)C-flumazenil binding in the living human brain, thus supporting the involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors in the mechanism of action of these drugs. Ketamine produces its anesthetic effects primarily by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism, but it may also have GABA(A) receptor agonistic properties. By using PET, we studied the cerebral (11)C-flumazenil binding in 10 healthy subjects before and during a subanesthetic racemic ketamine infusion reaching a serum concentration of 350 +/- 42 ng/mL. Ketamine did not affect (11)C-flumazenil binding to GABA(A) receptor in the brain, indicating that this mechanism is of minor importance in the actions of subanesthetic ketamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Salmi
- Turku PET Centre, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, and the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turku, and the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Child Neurology, and Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hoizey G, Lamiable D, Robinet A, Ludot H, Malinovsky JM, Kaltenbach ML, Binet L, Boulanger C, Millart H. Sensitive bioassay of bupivacaine in human plasma by liquid-chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 39:587-92. [PMID: 15949908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS-MS) method, using an ion trap spectrometer, was developed for quantitation of bupivacaine in human plasma. Bupivacaine and an internal standard (ropivacaine) were extracted in a single step from 100 microL of alkalinized plasma with diethyl-ether. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid (50:50, v/v), and was delivered at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The effluent was detected by MS-MS in positive ion mode. Ionisation was performed, using an electrospray ion source, operating at 200 degrees C. The selected reaction monitoring transitions m/z 289-->m/z 140 and m/z 275-->m/z 126 were chosen for bupivacaine and ropivacaine, respectively. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 3.90-500 microg/L with determination coefficients >0.996. The method is accurate (bias <10%) and reproducible (intra-assay and inter-assay precision <15%), with a quantitation limit of 3.90 microg/L, using only 100 microL of plasma. The high specificity and sensitivity, achieved by this fast method (total run-time <3 min), allowed the determination of bupivacaine plasma levels in pediatric patients, following epidural administration of bupivacaine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Hoizey
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu Y, Li T, Liang H, Xue J. Separation and determination of bupivacaine in plasma by capillary electrophoresis with tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrochemiluminescence detection. LUMINESCENCE 2005; 20:352-7. [PMID: 16134209 DOI: 10.1002/bio.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new, rapid, selective and sensitive method is described for determination of bupivacaine by capillary electrophoresis coupled with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)(3)2+] electrochemiluminescence detection. The influence of parameters such as detection potential, Ru(bpy)(3)2+ concentration, buffer concentration and pH, injection time and separation voltage on separation efficiency and ECL peak intensity was systematically investigated. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range 0.02-10 microg/mL. The RSD was 4.0% (n = 6). The detection limit was 3 ng/mL. The recoveries obtained were about 90%. This method was tested in the analysis of plasma samples taken from a rat after it had received bupivacaine injections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yayan Wu
- Separation Science Institute, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Niedorf F, Bohr HH, Kietzmann M. Simultaneous determination of ketamine and xylazine in canine plasma by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 791:421-6. [PMID: 12798202 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of ketamine and xylazine in canine plasma is described. Plasma samples (500 microl) are cleaned up via liquid-liquid extraction. The analytes and the internal standard clonidine are separated on a cyano (CN) column using a mobile phase containing acetonitrile-0.005 M phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 5.5 (3:2) at a detection wavelength of 215 nm. The method was validated according to specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility and was used to determine the plasma concentrations of both compounds in dogs after intramuscular injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Niedorf
- Institute for Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rofael HZ, Abdel-Rahman MS. Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of cocaine, its metabolites and ketamine. J Appl Toxicol 2002; 22:123-8. [PMID: 11920937 DOI: 10.1002/jat.837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine abuse is an extensive problem in the USA. During the past decade, ketamine abuse also has emerged as a public health concern and is now considered a controlled substance. The prevalence of the simultaneous use of cocaine and ketamine has been shown to be high. Previous research indicates that ketamine affects the enzymes that metabolize cocaine. In order to investigate this pharmacokinetic interaction, it was necessary to identify and quantitate each compound. The aim of this study is to develop a method of detecting and resolving cocaine, its metabolites and ketamine. A new precise, accurate and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated. This assay employed a phosphate-buffered aqueous mobile phase (pH 6.9) with an organic component consisting of acetonitrile and methanol and a C-18 column as stationary phase at 225 nm wavelength. Minimum detection limits were 5 ng ml(-1) for cocaine and 10 ng ml(-1) for benzoylecgonine, norcocaine and ketamine. Linearity was demonstrated over a broad range of concentration in plasma, with good sensitivity for ketamine, cocaine and cocaine metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany Z Rofael
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103-2714, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stability of Ketamine and Its Metabolites Norketamine and Dehydronorketamine in Human Biological Samples. Clin Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/47.9.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
33
|
Liquid chromatographic analysis of local anesthetics in human plasma after sample preparation by on-line dialysis. Optimization by use of experimental design. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02493020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|