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Li M, Chen X, Hu S, Wang R, Peng X, Bai X. Determination of blood concentrations of main active compounds in Zi-Cao-Cheng-Qi decoction and their total plasma protein binding rates based on hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1072:355-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li J, Shi Q, Jiang Y, Liu Y. Pretreatment of plasma samples by a novel hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration technique for the determination of plasma protein binding of three coumarins using acetone as protein binding releasing agent. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1001:114-23. [PMID: 26276065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel and practical sample pretreatment method based on hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration (HFCF-UF) was developed to determine plasma protein binding by using HPLC. The samples for analyzing unbound and total concentrations could be prepared in parallel simultaneously by the same device. It only required centrifugation for a short time and the filtrate could be injected directly for HPLC analysis without further treatment. Coumarins were selected as the model drugs. Acetone was chosen as the releasing agent to free the binding drug from the drug-protein complex for the total drug concentration determination. Non-specific bindings (NSBs) between the analytes and hollow fiber membrane materials were investigated. The type and volume of protein binding releaser were optimized. Additionally, centrifugal speed and centrifugal time were considered. Under the optimized conditions, the absolute recovery rates of the unbound and total concentrations were in the range of 97.5-100.9% for the three analytes. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.0135-0.0667μgmL(-1). In vitro plasma protein binding of the three coumarins was determined at three concentrations using the validated method and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 3.4%. Compared with traditional method, the HFCF-UF method is simple to run, no specialized equipment requirement and is a more accurate plasma pretreatment procedure with almost excellent drug-protein binding equilibrium. Therefore, this method can be applied to determine the plasma protein binding in clinical practice. It also provides a reliable alternative for accurate monitoring of unbound or total drug concentration in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Qingwen Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
| | - Ye Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
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Comparison of zonal elution and nonlinear chromatography in determination of the interaction between seven drugs and immobilised β2-adrenoceptor. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1401:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Bohnert T, Gan LS. Plasma protein binding: from discovery to development. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:2953-94. [PMID: 23798314 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The importance of plasma protein binding (PPB) in modulating the effective drug concentration at pharmacological target sites has been the topic of significant discussion and debate amongst drug development groups over the past few decades. Free drug theory, which states that in absence of energy-dependent processes, after steady state equilibrium has been attained, free drug concentration in plasma is equal to free drug concentration at the pharmacologic target receptor(s) in tissues, has been used to explain pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics relationships in a large number of cases. Any sudden increase in free concentration of a drug could potentially cause toxicity and may need dose adjustment. Free drug concentration is also helpful to estimate the effective concentration of drugs that potentially can precipitate metabolism (or transporter)-related drug-drug interactions. Disease models are extensively validated in animals to progress a compound into development. Unbound drug concentration, and therefore PPB information across species is very informative in establishing safety margins and guiding selection of First in Human (FIH) dose and human efficacious dose. The scope of this review is to give an overview of reported role of PPB in several therapeutic areas, highlight cases where PPB changes are clinically relevant, and provide drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics recommendations in discovery and development settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonika Bohnert
- Preclinical PK & In Vitro ADME, Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
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Shen Z, Zhang P, Xu X, Wang X, Zhou Z, Liu D. Gender-related differences in stereoselective degradation of flutriafol in rabbits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10071-10077. [PMID: 21740052 DOI: 10.1021/jf201784r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective pharmacokinetics of flutriafol were investigated in male and female adult Japanese white rabbits. Following intravenous administration of rac-flutriafol to rabbits at 5 mg/kg (bd wt), the concentrations of the enantiomers in plasma were determined by a HLPC-UV method using a CDMPC-CSP chiral column. R-Flutriafol exhibited a shorter distribution half-life but a longer elimination half-life than the S-isomer. In female rabbits, the distribution half-lives of R- and S-flutriafol were found to be 0.09 and 0.18 h, respectively, significantly shorter than those in male rabbits, but the volume of distribution and elimination half-life for flutriafol enantiomers in both sexes of rabbit showed no significant differences. Female rabbits had a higher clearance for both flutriafol enantiomers. The protein binding value was high for both isomers, with enantioselectivity, but no gender difference. It was an important factor in modulating the disposition of flutriafol. Flutriafol concentrations in kidney, liver, fat, and lung were higher than in other tissues at 10 h after administration, and the concentrations of R-flutriafol were higher in all tissues than those of its antipode. However, gender difference in flutriafol residues in tissues was not observed. It is concluded that the stereoselectivity of flutriafol on distribution and elimination in rabbits mainly depends upon gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Osman S, Waud WR, Gorman GS, Day BW, Koide K. Evaluation of FR901464 analogues in vitro and in vivo. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cabordery AC, Toussaint M, Bonte JP, Melnyk P, Vaccher C, Foulon C. Separation of Tic-hydantoin enantiomers, potent sigma-1 agonists, by high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3871-5. [PMID: 20451916 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stereospecific separations of seven Tic-hydantoin sigma-1 agonists were performed by both HPLC method using derivatized cellulose and amylose chiral stationary phases and capillary electrophoresis (CE) method using neutral and anionic cyclodextrins added in the background electrolyte (BGE). An optimal baseline separation (R(s)>3.3 with analysis times<25min) was readily obtained with all silica-based celluloses and amyloses using a normal-phase methodology. CE was used as an alternative technique to HPLC for the Tic-hydantoin derivatives separation. The enantiomers were fully resolved with highly sulfated beta-cyclodextrins at pH 2.5 (R(s)>1.5 with analysis times <11min). Both methods were validated in terms of linearity, detection and quantification limits. They were used to check the enantiomeric purity of the enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Cabordery
- UDSL, UFR Pharmacie,Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, EA 4034, F-59000 Lille, France
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Luo Y, Wu S, Li X, Li P. LC-ESI-MS-MS Determination of Rat Plasma Protein Binding of Major Flavonoids of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae by Centrifugal Ultrafiltration. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Escuder-Gilabert L, Martínez-Gómez MA, Villanueva-Camañas RM, Sagrado S, Medina-Hernández MJ. Microseparation techniques for the study of the enantioselectivity of drug-plasma protein binding. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:225-38. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kim HS, Wainer IW. Rapid analysis of the interactions between drugs and human serum albumin (HSA) using high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 870:22-6. [PMID: 18554995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study used a combination of zonal elution and frontal affinity chromatography on immobilized human serum albumin (HSA) high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) column to examine the association constants of various compounds that have been studied by equilibrium dialysis or ultra filtration. A standard plot was generated from retention factors of reference compounds using zonal elution chromatography against association constants of reference compounds using frontal affinity chromatography. The linear relationship was established (r2=0.9993) between retention factors and association constants of reference compounds. This standard plot was later used for rapid determination of association constants of various drugs which show low to medium binding affinity to HSA. Association constants of those drugs from this study were compared to that of more generally used methods (i.e., equilibrium dialysis or ultra filtration) from literature and resulted in a relatively high correlation (r2=0.945) value. This combination of zonal elution and frontal affinity chromatography method for determining association constants showed several advantages against traditional methods. Depending on drugs of interest, an association constant of drug to HSA can be measured as fast as 1.5 min. Other notable advantages include an ease of automation and its ability to distinguish association constants of chiral compounds at the same time. The same approach could be used for studying interaction of other drugs and proteins and should further improve overall drug screening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Seung Kim
- Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Wu JW, Lin LC, Hung SC, Chi CW, Tsai TH. Analysis of silibinin in rat plasma and bile for hepatobiliary excretion and oral bioavailability application. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:635-41. [PMID: 17692492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Silibinin is an herbal ingredient isolated from milk thistle. The aim of this study was to develop a simple liquid chromatographic system to assay silibinin in plasma and bile for pharmacokinetic study. Silibinin was given oral and intravenously. The plasma sample (25 microL) was vortex-mixed with 50 microL of internal standard solution (naringenin 10 microg/mL in acetonitrile) to achieve protein precipitation. Silibinin in the rat plasma and bile was separated using a reversed-phase C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile -10 mM monosodium phosphate (pH 5.45 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid) (50:50, v/v) and the flow-rate of 1 mL/min. The UV detection wavelength was 288 nm. The concentration-response relationship from the present method indicated linearity over a concentration range of 0.5-100 microg/mL. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy of silibinin fell well within the predefined limits of acceptability (<15%). An ultrafiltration method was used in this experiment and the protein binding of silibinin was 70.3+/-4.6%. After silibinin administration in rats, the disposition of silibinin in the plasma and bile fluid was due to rapid distribution and equilibration between the blood and hepatobiliary system, and the bile levels of unconjugated silibinin and total silibinin were greater than those in the plasma. The oral bioavailability of silibinin in rats was estimated to be 0.73%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhy-Wen Wu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Wu YT, Chen YF, Hsieh YJ, Jaw I, Shiao MS, Tsai TH. Bioavailability of salvianolic acid B in conscious and freely moving rats. Int J Pharm 2006; 326:25-31. [PMID: 16905282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B is an herbal ingredient isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. The aim of this study was to apply an automated blood sampling system coupled to a simple liquid chromatographic system to determine the bioavailability of salvianolic acid B in stress-free rats. The plasma sample (25 microl) was vortex-mixed with 50 microl of internal standard solution (chloramphenicol 10 microg/ml in acetonitrile) to achieve protein precipitation. Salvianolic acid B in the rat plasma was separated using a reversed-phase C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-methanol-20mM NaH(2)PO(4) (adjusted to pH 3.5 with H(3)PO(4)) (20:10:70 v/v/v) containing 0.1mM 1-octanesulfonic acid, and the flow-rate of 1 ml/min. The UV detection wavelength was 286 nm. The concentration-response relationship from the present method indicated linearity over a concentration range of 0.5-200 microg/ml. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy of salvianolic acid B fell well within the predefined limits of acceptability (<15%). The plasma sample of salvianolic acid B was further identified by LC-MS/MS in the negative ion mode using mass transition m/z 358.2 to the product ion m/z 196.9. After salvianolic acid B (100mg/kg, i.v.; 500 mg/kg, p.o.) was given in conscious and freely moving rats, the AUC were 5030+/-565 and 582+/-222 min microg/ml for intravenous (100 mg/kg) and oral (500 mg/kg) doses, respectively. The oral bioavailability of salvianolic acid B in freely moving rats was calculated to be 2.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tse Wu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Li-Nong Street Section 2, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Cheng X, Shin YG, Levine BS, Smith AC, Tomaszewski JE, van Breemen RB. Quantitative analysis of betulinic acid in mouse, rat and dog plasma using electrospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:2089-2092. [PMID: 12955738 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid is under development as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. In support of pharmacokinetic and toxicological evaluations, a robust assay based on liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was developed for the quantitative analysis of betulinic acid. Sample preparation consisted of deproteinization of the plasma by the addition of three volumes of acetonitrile and one volume of methanol followed by centrifugation. Aliquots of the supernatant were analyzed using an isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system coupled to a negative ion electrospray mass spectrometer. Deprotonated molecules of betulinic acid and the isomeric internal standard oleanolic acid were detected using selected ion monitoring at m/z 455. The limit of detection of betulinic acid was 0.5 pg (1.1 fM) injected on-column (50 pg/mL, 10 microL injection volume), and the limit of quantitation was 2 pg (4.4 fM, 200 pg/mL, 10 microL injection volume). Betulinic acid was stable in plasma samples at -20 degrees C for at least 3 weeks. The intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation of the assay were < or =6.4 and < or =9.0%, respectively. The utility of the assay was demonstrated by analyzing betulinic acid spiked into mouse, rat and dog plasma, by determining the extent of binding of betulinic acid to plasma proteins, and by measuring betulinic acid in mouse and rat plasma following intraperitoneal or intravenous administration in vivo. At 15 and 25 microg/mL in mouse, rat or dog plasma, betulinic acid was 99.99% bound to serum proteins, and, at 5 microg/mL, betulinic acid was > or =99.97% bound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Peng SX. Separation and identification methods for metalloproteinase inhibitors. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 764:59-80. [PMID: 11817044 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metalloproteinase inhibitors are being explored for the treatment of a wide variety of human diseases including cancers, arthritis, cardiovascular disorders, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and central nervous system illnesses. This review provides an overview of various analytical sample preparation, separation, detection, and identification techniques employed for the quantitative and qualitative determination of these inhibitor compounds. Special emphasis is placed on biological sample preparation by automated solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, and protein precipitation by centrifugation or filtration. Other sample preparation methodologies are also evaluated. Applications of high-performance liquid chromatography. gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis to the quantitative determination of metalloproteinase inhibitors are described. Examples of qualitative analysis of metalloproteinase inhibitors by hyphenated liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance are also presented. The advantages and limitations of these separation and identification methodologies as well as other less frequently employed techniques are assessed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Peng
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Health Care Research Center, Mason, OH 45040, USA.
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