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Liang H, Zhao M, Wang S, Wang D, Gou J, Bai Y, Shen M, Wang J, Cheng Y, Ge N, Zhao Y, Zeng J, Sun L, Xu H. Novel Sustained Release Azithromycin Resinate Fabricated by One-Pot Ion-exchange Performed in Hydro-alcoholic Solution. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:226. [PMID: 39327374 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-resin complexes usually form in the aqueous phase. For poorly water-soluble drugs, low drug loading limits the use of resin in drug formulation. In this study, we used a new method to prepare azithromycin resinates, improving the drug loading rate, shortening the preparation time and simplifying the process. We used hydro-alcoholic solution as the drug loading solvent and the ion exchange resin as the carrier, and this method enabled the resin to adsorb both the retardant and the drug. The sustained release effect of retardant Eudragit RL, RS100 was analyzed. Drug loading efficiency, release profiles, morphology, physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetic study were assessed. Preparation of drug resinate by batch method resulted in 14% higher drug loading of azithromycin and 3.5 h shorter loading time as compared to pure water for hydroalcoholic solution as drug loading solvent. Raman mappings demonstrated that the retardant with higher molecular weight was more likely to adsorb to the outer layer of the resin compared to the drug. The in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic study of azithromycin resinates showed a sustained release profile with few gastrointestinal adverse effects. Therefore, the addition of ethanol not only improved the efficiency of drug loading but also showed sustained-release effect with one-pot preparation of azithromycin resinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Meihui Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Shaoning Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Da Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanjie Bai
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yujie Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Fluid gels: A systematic review towards their application in pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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3
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Govindan P, Pitchaikani S, Kandasamy S, Rajan M, Shakila H, Eed EM, Elfasakhany A, Pugazhendhi A. Biomacromolecules of chitosan - Bacopa saponin based LipL32 gene delivery system for leptospirosis therapy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111699. [PMID: 34273371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a severe bacterial infectious disease caused by the organisms belonging to the genus of Leptospira. The chitosan/Bacopa saponin/tripolyphosphate (CS/BS/TPP) nanoparticles conjugated with recombinant DNA vaccines were designed against Leptospirosis. Chitosan, a polysaccharide is suitable for delivery of drug, and gene due to its bio-compatible and biodegradable properties. Bacopa saponins are used for the induction of the immune response against microbial infections. The recombinant DNA vaccine construct was composed of the leptospiral outer membrane LipL32 gene tagged with EGFP and hGMCSF adjuvant in the pVAX1 mammalian expression vector along with the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. These recombinant DNA vaccine constructs was termed as pVAX1-EGFP-LipL32 and pVAX1-EGFP-hGMCSF-LipL32, and these constructs were conjugated with CS/BS/TPP nanoparticles by using the ionic gelation technique. Thus, CS/BS/TPP conjugated nanoparticle DNA vaccine was confirmed by functionality (FT-IR), crystalline nature (XRD) and surface charge (Zeta potential). The 90% encapsulation efficiency was observed in the conjugated nanoparticle DNA vaccine. In contrast, cell viability analysis validated that the synthesized DNA conjugated CS/BS/TPP nanoparticles showed low cytotoxicity up to 10 mg/mL. The results showed here are the initial establishment of DNA vaccine conjugated nanoparticles, which can be used as a potential anti-leptospiral vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pothiaraj Govindan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 21, India
| | - Sasikumar Pitchaikani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 21, India
| | | | - Mariappan Rajan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 21, India
| | - Harshavardhan Shakila
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 21, India.
| | - Emad M Eed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Elfasakhany
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Mfoafo KA, Omidian M, Bertol CD, Omidi Y, Omidian H. Neonatal and pediatric oral drug delivery: Hopes and hurdles. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120296. [PMID: 33524524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal and pediatric populations have long been neglected concerning the development of oral dosage forms. For close to two decades, caregivers have had to adjust the doses of the off-label medicines and drugs for adults to suit the neonatal and pediatric needs. This is due to the lack of rules and regulations regarding neonates and pediatrics clinical trials while pharmaceutical industries see this as a non-lucrative approach. Despite such limitations, the administration of solid and liquid dosage forms to neonates and pediatrics necessitates the development of new technologies and even new strategies to meet the needs. Current approaches have not only focused on the development of suitable dosage forms but also the advancement of devices to enhance drug administration to pediatrics and neonates. Though current approaches have significantly added to the number of pediatric and neonatal oral dosage formulations on the market, there is still more room for improvement(s). While novel dosage forms including multiparticulates, orodispersible tablets/films, and chewable tablets have extensively been researched, some administration devices (e.g., nipple shield, pill swallowing cup, and solid dosage pen) have also been explored. Although a few of these products are in the market, the concerted efforts of regulation administrative bodies, pharmaceutical industry settings, and scientists in academia have been oriented to address all issues and advance the neonatal and pediatric-centric pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yadollah Omidi
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Hossein Omidian
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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Preparation and Optimization of Waterborne Acrylic Core Microcapsules for Waterborne Wood Coatings and Comparison with Epoxy Resin Core. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102366. [PMID: 33076382 PMCID: PMC7602527 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcapsules were prepared by in situ polymerization with urea formaldehyde resin as the wall material and Dulux waterborne acrylic acid as the core material. The effects of the core–wall ratio, water bath temperature and depositing time on the morphology, particle size, yield and encapsulation ratio of microcapsules were investigated by orthogonal experiment of three factors and two levels. The results showed that the core–wall ratio had the greatest influence on the performance of microcapsules. When the core–wall ratio was 0.58:1, the water bath temperature was 70 °C, and the depositing time was 5 d, the microcapsule performance was the best. With the increase in depositing time, the yield of microcapsule particles increased gradually, and the microcapsules appeared to show an adhesive phenomenon. However, the long-term depositing time did not lead to complete deposition and agglomeration of microcapsules. When 10.0% concentration of the waterborne acrylic microcapsules with 0.58:1 of core–wall ratio was added to the coatings, the mechanical and optical properties of the coatings did not decrease significantly, but the elongation at break increased significantly. Therefore, this study offers a new prospect for using waterborne acrylic microcapsules to improve the toughness of waterborne paint film which can be cured at room temperature on a wood surface.
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Mohylyuk V, Patel K, Scott N, Richardson C, Murnane D, Liu F. Wurster Fluidised Bed Coating of Microparticles: Towards Scalable Production of Oral Sustained-Release Liquid Medicines for Patients with Swallowing Difficulties. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 21:3. [PMID: 31713006 PMCID: PMC6848247 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Suspension of microparticles in an easy-to-swallow liquid is one approach to develop sustained-release formulations for children and patients with swallowing difficulties. However, to date production of sustained-release microparticles at the industrial scale has proven to be challenging. The aim of this investigation was to develop an innovative concept in coating sustained-release microparticles using industrial scalable Wurster fluidised bed to produce oral liquid suspensions. Microcrystalline cellulose cores (particle size <150 μm) were coated with Eudragit® NM 30 D and Eudragit® RS/RL 30 D aqueous dispersions using a fluidised bed coater. A novel approach of periodic addition of a small quantity (0.1% w/w) of dry powder glidant, magnesium stearate, to the coating chamber via an external port was applied throughout the coating process. This method significantly increased coating production yield from less than 50% to up to 99% compared to conventional coating process without the dry powder glidant. Powder rheology tests showed that dry powder glidants increased the tapped density and decreased the cohesive index of coated microparticles. Reproducible microencapsulation of a highly water-soluble drug, metoprolol succinate, was achieved, yielding coated microparticles less than 200 μm in size with 20-h sustained drug release, suitable for use in liquid suspensions. The robust, scalable technology presented in this study offers an important solution to the long-standing challenges of formulating sustained-release dosage forms suitable for children and older people with swallowing difficulties.
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7
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Shang R, Liu C, Quan P, Zhao H, Fang L. Effect of drug-ion exchange resin complex in betahistine hydrochloride orodispersible film on sustained release, taste masking and hygroscopicity reduction. Int J Pharm 2018; 545:163-169. [PMID: 29729403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Orodispersible film (ODF) is a widely used oral solid dosage form. However, it's not suitable for drugs with short half-life, bitterness and strong hygroscopicity. The present study aims to develop a sustained release and stable betahistine hydrochloride ODF without bitterness. Drug-resin complex (IRDC) was prepared using batch method. In vitro dissolution experiment, e-Tongue and hygroscopicity experiment were conducted to compare the differences between ODF containing IRDC and ODF containing betahistine hydrochloride. Drug release kinetics showed that the diffusion of drug in IRDC was the rate-limiting step of drug release. DSC and FT-IR were conducted to explore the molecular mechanism of taste masking and hygroscopicity reduction. It turned out that taste masking was attributed to the ionic interaction between drug and resin and the slow dissolution of drug from IRDC. The site where drug form hydrogen bonds with water molecular was occupied by drug-resin interaction leading to hygroscopicity reduction. In summary, in this study we not only developed a betahistine hydrochloride ODF with good properties but also explored the effect of drug-resin interaction on sustained release, taste masking and hygroscopicity reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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8
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Jiang X, Liao K, Xie D, Xie Y, Zhang X. Optimization of microencapsulation of silane coupling agent by spray drying using response surface methodology. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1291508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Delong Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Methotrexate-loaded porous polymeric adsorbents as oral sustained release formulations. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:598-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Challenges in oral drug delivery of antiretrovirals and the innovative strategies to overcome them. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:105-120. [PMID: 26772138 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Development of novel drug delivery systems (DDS) represents a promising opportunity to overcome the various bottlenecks associated with the chronic antiretroviral (ARV) therapy of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Oral drug delivery is the most convenient and simplest route of drug administration that involves the swallowing of a pharmaceutical compound with the intention of releasing it into the gastrointestinal tract. In oral delivery, drugs can be formulated in such a way that they are protected from digestive enzymes, acids, etc. and released in different regions of the small intestine and/or the colon. Not surprisingly, with the exception of the subcutaneous enfuvirtide, all the marketed ARVs are administered orally. However, conventional (marketed) and innovative (under investigation) oral delivery systems must overcome numerous challenges, including the acidic gastric environment, and the poor aqueous solubility and physicochemical instability of many of the approved ARVs. In addition, the mucus barrier can prevent penetration and subsequent absorption of the released drug, a phenomenon that leads to lower oral bioavailability and therapeutic concentration in plasma. Moreover, the frequent administration of the cocktail (ARVs are administered at least once a day) favors treatment interruption. To improve the oral performance of ARVs, the design and development of more efficient oral drug delivery systems are called for. The present review highlights various innovative research strategies adopted to overcome the limitations of the present treatment regimens and to enhance the efficacy of the oral ARV therapy in HIV.
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Physiochemical characterization of taste masking levetiracetam ion exchange resinates in the solid state and formulation of stable liquid suspension for pediatric use. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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12
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Ibrahim HK, Salah S. Formulation of venlafaxine for once daily administration using polymeric material hybrids. J Microencapsul 2016; 33:299-306. [PMID: 27121281 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2016.1178351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Controlled release venlafaxine for once daily administration. METHODS Drug resin complexation followed by polymer encapsulation. A 4(1).2(1) factorial design was used to study the effect of polymer type and core: coat ratio on the release profile and kinetics. Polymer combinations were tried for optimisation adapting the desIMNCility function. The optimised formula was tested in rabbits against commercial extended release capsules. RESULTS Poly-epsilon-caprolactone, poly(d, l-lactide-co-glycolide) ester and poly(d, l-lactide) ester polymers were more efficient in lowering the release rate and the initial burst release than Eudragit(®)RS100. Encapsulation at 1:1 ratio ensured complete coats and drug release sustainment. Formula prepared using 50:50 PLA/Eudragit at 1:1 ratio sustained the drug release up to 24 h with low burst release. This formula had higher venlafaxine absorption in rabbits compared to the commercial capsules. CONCLUSIONS The optimised formula is superior to the available once-daily trials regarding enhanced bioavailability, dosage form versatility and ease of scaling up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howida Kamal Ibrahim
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Kasr Al Aini Street , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Salwa Salah
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Kasr Al Aini Street , Cairo , Egypt
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Kasashima Y, Yoshihara K, Yasuji T, Sako K, Uchida S, Namiki N. Oral Sustained Release of a Hydrophilic Drug Using the Lauryl Sulfate Salt/Complex. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:1304-9. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Kasashima
- Pharmaceutical and Technology Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Shizuoka
| | | | | | - Kazuhiro Sako
- Pharmaceutical and Technology Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc
| | - Shinya Uchida
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Shizuoka
| | - Noriyuki Namiki
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Shizuoka
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Lopez FL, Ernest TB, Tuleu C, Gul MO. Formulation approaches to pediatric oral drug delivery: benefits and limitations of current platforms. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1727-40. [PMID: 26165848 PMCID: PMC4673516 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Most conventional drug delivery systems are not acceptable for pediatric patients as they differ in their developmental status and dosing requirements from other subsets of the population. Technology platforms are required to aid the development of age-appropriate medicines to maximize patient acceptability while maintaining safety, efficacy, accessibility and affordability. Areas covered: The current approaches and novel developments in the field of age-appropriate drug delivery for pediatric patients are critically discussed including patient-centric formulations, administration devices and packaging systems. Expert opinion: Despite the incentives provided by recent regulatory modifications and the efforts of formulation scientists, there is still a need for implementation of pharmaceutical technologies that enable the manufacture of licensed age-appropriate formulations. Harmonization of endeavors from regulators, industry and academia by sharing learning associated with data obtained from pediatric investigation plans, product development pathways and scientific projects would be the way forward to speed up bench-to-market age appropriate formulation development. A collaborative approach will benefit not only pediatrics, but other patient populations such as geriatrics would also benefit from an accelerated patient-centric approach to drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe L Lopez
- a 1 University College London, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Terry B Ernest
- b 2 GlaxoSmithKline, Product Development , New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK
| | - Catherine Tuleu
- a 1 University College London, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Mine Orlu Gul
- a 1 University College London, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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15
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Mahdi MH, Conway BR, Smith AM. Evaluation of gellan gum fluid gels as modified release oral liquids. Int J Pharm 2014; 475:335-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Controlled drug release studies of atenolol using differently sulfonated acryloxyacetophenone and methyl methacrylate copolymer resins as drug carriers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-014-1406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Doraswamy K, Venkata Ramana P. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of differently sulfonated resins as novel carriers for drug delivery. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2012.705490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Doraswamy
- a Department of Chemistry , Sri Krishnadevaraya University , Anatapur , 515 003 , India
| | - P. Venkata Ramana
- a Department of Chemistry , Sri Krishnadevaraya University , Anatapur , 515 003 , India
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Yewale CP, Rathi MN, Kore GG, Jadhav GV, Wagh MP. Formulation and development of taste masked fast-disintegrating tablets (FDTs) of Chlorpheniramine maleate using ion-exchange resins. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 18:367-76. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.627870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Roblegg E, Dittrich P, Haltmeyer K, Zimmer A. Reformulation of a codeine phosphate liquid controlled-release product. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:1454-62. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.487870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Dash V, Mishra SK, Singh M, Goyal AK, Rath G. Release kinetic studies of aspirin microcapsules from ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate and their mixtures by emulsion solvent evaporation method. Sci Pharm 2010; 78:93-101. [PMID: 21179372 PMCID: PMC3002828 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.0908-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was oriented towards microencapsulation of aspirin and the study of its release kinetics. The desired encapsulation was achieved by emulsion solvent evaporation method using ethyl cellulose (EC), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and their mixture (1:1) of polymeric constituents. Characterization of the formulations was performed by size, shape, drug loading efficiency and in-vitro drug release analysis. The in-vitro release profiles from different polymeric microcapsules were applied on different kinetic models. The prepared microcapsules were found free flowing and almost spherical in shape with particle sizes ranging from 300â700Îm, having a loading efficiency of 75â85%. The best fit model with the highest correlation coefficient was observed in Higuchi model, indicating diffusion controlled principle. The n value obtained from Korsemeyer-Peppas model varied between 0.5â0.7, confirming that the mechanism of drug release was diffusion controlled. Comparative studies revealed that the release of aspirin from EC microcapsules was slower as compared to that of CAP and their binary mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Dash
- Kanak Manjari Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhend Colony, Rourkela, Orissa, India
| | - Sujeet K. Mishra
- Kanak Manjari Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhend Colony, Rourkela, Orissa, India
| | - Manoj Singh
- Kanak Manjari Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhend Colony, Rourkela, Orissa, India
| | - Amit K. Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Punjab), India
| | - Goutam Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Punjab), India
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Akkaramongkolporn P, Ngawhirunpat T, Opanasopit P. Preparation and evaluation of differently sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene cross-linked copolymer cationic exchange resins as novel carriers for drug delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:641-8. [PMID: 19452281 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The differently sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene cross-linked copolymer cationic exchange resins were prepared by oil-in-water polymerization and varied degrees of sulfonation. Several characteristics of the obtained resins were evaluated, i.e., Fourier transform infrared spectra, the ion-exchange capacity, microscopic morphology, size, and swelling. The resin characteristics were altered in relation to the degree of sulfonation, proving that differently sulfonated resins could be prepared. The behavior of chlorpheniramine (CPM) loading and in vitro release in the USP simulated gastric (SGF) and intestinal fluids (SIF) of the obtained resins were also evaluated. The CPM loaded in the resinates (drug-loaded resins) increased with the increasing degree of sulfonic group and hence the drug binding site in the employed resins. The CPM release was lower from the resins with the higher degree of sulfonic group due to the increase in the diffusive path depth. The CPM release was obviously lower in SGF than SIF because CPM, a weak base drug, ionized to a greater extent in SGF and then preferred binding with rather than releasing from the resins. In conclusion, the differently sulfonated resins could be utilized as novel carriers for drug delivery.
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Upadhye AA, Ambike AA, Mahadik KR, Paradkar A. Application of Ion Exchange Resin in Floating Drug Delivery System. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 34:1117-24. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040801973982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zeng HX, Cheng G, Pan WS, Zhong GP, Huang M. Preparation of Codeine-Resinate and Chlorpheniramine-Resinate Sustained-Release Suspension and its Pharmacokinetic Evaluation in Beagle Dogs. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 33:649-65. [PMID: 17613029 DOI: 10.1080/03639040601050221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Using ion exchange resins (IERs) as carriers, a dual-drug sustained release suspension containing codeine, and chlorpheniramine had been prepared to elevate drug safety, effectiveness and conformance. The codeine resinate and chlorpheniramine resinate beads were prepared by a batch process and then impregnated with Polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000), respectively. The PEG impregnated drug resinate beads were coated with ethylcellulose as the coating polymer and di-n-butyl-phthalate as plasticizer in ethanol and methylene chloride mixture by the Wurster process. The coated PEG impregnated drug resinate beads were dispersed in an aqueous suspending vehicle containing 0.5% w/w xanthan gum and 0.5% w/w of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose of nominal viscosity of 4000 cps, obtaining codeine resinate and chlorpheniramine resinate sustained-release suspension (CCSS). Codeine phosphate and chlorpheniramine maleate were respectively loaded onto AMBERLITE IRP 69, and PEG 4000 was used to impregnate drug resinate beads to maintain their geometry. Ethylcellulose with di-n-butyl-phthalate in ethanol and methylene chloride mixture for the coating of drug resinate beads was performed in Glatt fluidized bed coater, where the coating solution flow rate was 8-12 g/min, the inlet air temperature was 50-60 degrees C, the outlet air temperature was 32-38 degrees C, the atomizing air pressure was 2.0 bar and the fluidized air pressure was adjusted as required. Few significant agglomeration of circulating drug resinate beads was observed during the operation. The film weight gained 20% w/w and 15% w/w were suitable for the PEG impregnated codeine resinate and chlorpheniramine resinate beads, respectively. Residual solvent content increased with coating level, but inprocess drying could reduce residual solvent content. In the present study, the rates of drug release from both drug resinate beads were measured in 0.05 M and 0.5M KCl solutions. The increased ionic strength generally accelerated the release rate of both drugs. But the release of codeine from its resinate beads was much more rapid than chlorpheniramine released from its resinate beads in the same ionic strength release medium. The drug release specification of the CCSS, where release mediums were 0.05 M KCl solution for codeine and 0.5 M KCl solution for chlorpheniramine, was established to be in conformance with in vivo performance. Relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics evaluation of the CCSS, using commercial immediate-release tablets as the reference preparation, were performed following a randomized two-way crossover design in beagle dogs. The drug concentrations in plasma were measured by a validated LC-MS/MS method to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of CCSS. This LC-MS/MS method demonstrated high accuracy and precision for bioanalysis, and was proved quick and reliable for the pharmacokinetic studies. The results showed that the CCSS had the longer value of Tmax and the lower value of Cmax, which meant an obviously sustained release effect, and its relative bioavailability of codeine and chlorpheniramine were (103.6 +/- 14.6)% and (98.1 +/- 10.3)%, respectively, compared with the reference preparation. These findings indicated that a novel liquid sustained release suspension made by using IERs as carriers and subsequent fluidized bed coating might provide a constant plasma level of the active pharmaceutical ingredient being highly beneficial for various therapeutic reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Xiang Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China.
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Raffin RP, Colomé LM, Guterres SS, Pohlmann AR. Enteric Controlled-Release Pantoprazole-Loaded Microparticles Prepared by Using Eudragit S100 and Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blend. Pharm Dev Technol 2008; 12:463-71. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450701556933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim BK, Hwang SJ, Park JB, Park HJ. Characteristics of felodipine-located poly(ε-caprolactone) microspheres. J Microencapsul 2008; 22:193-203. [PMID: 16019904 DOI: 10.1080/02652040400015346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Felodipine-loaded poly (epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) microspheres were prepared by two methods, the conventional emulsion solvent evapouration method and the quenching method. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of process parameters such as emulsion type, drug loading, molecular-weight of the polymer, types of emulsion stabilizer and dispersed phase solvents, as well as preparation methods. The results show that, when conventional emulsion solvent evapouration method was used, the o/w-method produced smaller mean size and higher encapsulation efficiency compared with the o/o-method. The encapsulation efficiencies increased with an increase in the molecular weight and a decrease in crystallinity of PCL. The size of microspheres varied with the type of emulsion stabilizer used, smaller microspheres with PVA and narrow size distribution with Pol 237. The water solubility of the dispersed phase solvent was one of the critical factors in controlling the encapsulation efficiency and microsphere mean size. When water-soluble solvents such as acetonitrile and ethyl formate were used, the encapsulation efficiencies decreased due to higher evapouration rate. When quenching methods were used, in contrast to the conventional emulsion solvent evapouration method, very narrowly size-distributed but bigger microspheres were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul
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26
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Adeyeye MC, Mwangi E, Katpally S, Fujioka K, Ichikawa H, Fukumori Y. Suspensions of prolonged-release diclofenac-Eudragit® and ion-exchange resin microcapsules: II. Improved dissolution stability. J Microencapsul 2008; 22:353-62. [PMID: 16214784 DOI: 10.1080/02652040500100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The stability of prolonged release 100 microm -size ion-exchange resin (IER) diclofenac microcapsules (prepared by the Wurster process) and coated with Eudragit RS30D was evaluated using dissolution analysis. METHODS The IER microcapsules were suspended in 0.1% methylcellulose and stored at 23 and 37 degrees C and the dissolution study conducted over a 6-month period. The surface morphology of the microcapsules was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The dissolution of the suspensions stored at 23 degrees C on day 1 or 7 and was similar to that of day 30 with slightly faster dissolution on day 60. In contrast, release from suspensions stored at 37 degrees C decreased with storage. The decrease in dissolution with increased temperature was possibly due to the polymer relaxation (micromelting) that was enough to seal the drug within the matrix, resulting in slow dissolution. SEM of the suspended microcapsules correlated with the dissolution data, i.e. the surfaces of microcapsule stored at 37 degrees C showed decreased roughness or smoothening and closing of pores with time and, hence, retardation of drug release, compared with samples stored at 23 degrees C. The dissolution kinetics (shown by the linearity of Bt vs. time profiles) indicated that release mechanism was diffusion. CONCLUSIONS The suspensions of diclofenac IER microcapsules were stable up to 30 days at ambient temperature, which makes the formulation potentially useful as reconstitutable product.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Adeyeye
- School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
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Halder A, Mukherjee S, Sa B. Development and evaluation of polyethyleneimine-treated calcium alginate beads for sustained release of diltiazem. J Microencapsul 2008; 22:67-80. [PMID: 16019892 DOI: 10.1080/02652040500045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation is to develop a multi-unit sustained release dosage form of a water soluble drug from a completely aqueous environment avoiding the use of any organic solvent. The drug was complexed with resin and calcium alginate or polyethyleneimine-treated calcium alginate beads loaded with the resinate were prepared by a ionic/polyelectrolyte complexation method. The effect of different formulation variables on the characteristics of the beads was investigated. Although the drug release from spherical and smooth-surfaced calcium alginate beads in both acidic and alkaline dissolution media were slower than those obtained from plain resinate, none of the variables were found to prolong the drug release considerably due to rapid swelling and disintegration of calcium alginate beads in alkaline medium. On the other hand, drug release from polyethyleneimine-treated calcium alginate beads in acidic medium did not increase appreciably following a burst release. However, in alkaline medium, the drug release was found to increase gradually and extend over a different period of time depending on the intensity of polyethyleneimine treatment. Scanning electron micrographs revealed the formation of a dense membrane around the resinate-loaded calcium alginate matrix. The membrane appeared to be responsible for reduced swelling and protracted disintegration of the beads resulting in slow release of the drug. The results indicate that sustained release of a water soluble drug from polyethyleneimine-treated calcium alginate beads could be achieved by adjusting the formulation variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Halder
- Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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Akkaramongkolporn P, Kulvanich P, Pathipvanich M. Preparation and In Vitro Release of Dual-Drug Resinates Containing Equivalent Content Dextromethorphan and Diphenhydramine. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 32:483-96. [PMID: 16638687 DOI: 10.1080/03639040500529143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The dual-drug resinate containing equivalent content of dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DTM) and diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) was developed and characterized. To achieve this specific resinate, a procedure of simultaneous dual-drug loading using loading solutions composed of different proportions of DTM and DPH was performed and a dual-drug loading diagram was constructed to determine the equivalent drug loading solution (ELS) and also the estimated equivalent drug content (EQC). The effects of resin crosslinkage, overall drug concentration of the loading solution, and temperature during drug loading on the values of ELS and EQC were assessed. The increased overall drug concentration from 0.25 to 1.0% w/v elevated the EQC values from 18 to 35% w/w for low crosslinked resins (Dowex 50 W x 2 and x 4), and from 18 to 27% w/w for high crosslinked resin (Dowex 50 W x 8). It also changed the values of ELS from 0.50 to 0.48 for the low crosslinked resins, and 0.50 to 0.55 for the high crosslinked resin. For the high crosslinked resin, the applied heat from 35 to 65 degrees C further increased the values of EQC from 27 to 32% w/w, and changed the values of ELS in the reverse direction from 0.55 to 0.48. However, the heat did not exert significant effects on the values of EQC and ELS for the low crosslinked resins. Different batches of dual-drug resinates prepared from the determined ELS provided the resultant resinates with equivalent contents of DTM and DPH which were very close to the estimated EQC. The drug release from the resinates was performed in 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 N of KCl solutions. The increased ionic strength generally accelerated the release of both drugs except for 0.4 N KCl solution in which the drug release from the resinates of high crosslinkage was decreased. The congestion on the outward movement of drugs through the high crosslinked matrix might cause the delay of drug release. In conclusion, the release study demonstrated that the dual-drug resinate using a suitable crosslinked resin could be used for extended delivery of two combined drugs with the equivalent therapeutic dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasert Akkaramongkolporn
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Bhise K, Shaikh S, Bora D. Taste mask, design and evaluation of an oral formulation using ion exchange resin as drug carrier. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:557-62. [PMID: 18491233 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to mask the bitter taste of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride (DPH) using cation exchange resins. Indion 234 and Tulsion 343 that contained crosslinked polyacrylic backbone were used. The drug resin complexes (DRC) were prepared by batch process by taking drug: resin ratios 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The optimum drug: resin ratio and the time required for maximum complexation was determined. The drug resinates were evaluated for the drug content, taste, micromeritic properties drug release and X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Effervescent and dispersible tablets were developed from optimum drug: resin ratios of 1:2 and 1:1. The formulations were evaluated for uniformity of dispersion, disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution. The X-ray diffraction study confirmed the monomolecularity of entrapped drug in the resin beads. The taste evaluation depicted the successful taste masking of DPH with drug resin complexes. The drug release of 95% in 15 min was observed for effervescent and dispersible tablets.
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30
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Saxena S, Bajpai SK. Dynamic Release of Propranolol HCl from Cationic Ion–Exchanger–Loaded Calcium Alginate Beads. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320801947106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Albertini B, Passerini N, González-Rodríguez ML, Cavallari C, Cini M, Rodriguez L. Wet granulation as innovative and fast method to prepare controlled release granules based on an ion‐exchange resin. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:1313-24. [PMID: 17674405 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to evaluate the suitability of wet granulation as an innovative and fast method for the preparation of granules containing a drug-resin complex (resinate), having cholestyramine as resin and potassium diclofenac (KD) as drug. Resinate and granules were prepared directly by steam granulation in high shear mixer (method A), using two different amount of resin (granules 1 and 2). For comparison granules 1 were also prepared by conventional batch method followed by steam granulation (method B). All granules showed quite irregular shape, main size fractions between 75 and 500 microm, good flowability and uniform KD distribution. Granules 1A exhibited controlled release profiles at pH 7.4, while granules 2A showed a burst effect due to KD free crystals. FT-IR studies confirmed the complete complexation between resin and KD during the granulation process with method A for granules 1. Finally, the dissolution test of granules 1A in different media revealed a controlled drug release in 12 h, providing the utility of this system for enteric drug delivery. Granules 1B evidenced similar characteristics to those of granules 1A; the drawback of the multistep procedure was related to the long processing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Junyaprasert VB, Manwiwattanakul G. Release profile comparison and stability of diltiazem–resin microcapsules in sustained release suspensions. Int J Pharm 2008; 352:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pongjanyakul T. Effect of sampling procedures of release testing on drug release and scale-up production feasibility of multiple-unit dextromethorphan resinate tablets: a technical note. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:E117. [PMID: 18181538 DOI: 10.1208/pt0804117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Bonferoni M, Sandri G, Gavini E, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Caramella C. Microparticle systems based on polymer-drug interaction for ocular delivery of ciprofloxacin I. In vitro characterization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(07)50008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Pongjanyakul T, Priprem A, Chitropas P, Puttipipatkhachorn S. Effect of polysulfonate resins and direct compression fillers on multiple-unit sustained-release dextromethorphan resinate tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2005; 6:E190-7. [PMID: 16353977 PMCID: PMC2750531 DOI: 10.1208/pt060228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of different polysulfonate resins and direct compression fillers on physical properties of multiple-unit sustained-release dextromethorphan (DMP) tablets. DMP resinates were formed by a complexation of DMP and strong cation exchange resins, Dowex 50 W and Amberlite IRP69. The tablets consisted of the DMP resinates and direct compression fillers, such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCP), and spray-dried rice starch (SDRS). Physical properties of tablets, such as hardness, disintegration time, and in vitro release, were investigated. A good performance of the tablets was obtained when MCC or SDRS was used. The use of rod-like and plate-like particles of Amberlite IRP69 caused a statistical decrease in tablet hardness, whereas good tablet hardness was obtained when spherical particle of Dowex 50 W was used. The plastic deformation of the fillers, such as MCC and SDRS, caused a little change in the release of DMP. A higher release rate constant was found in the tablets containing DCP and Dowex 50 W, indicating the fracture of the resinates under compression, which was attributable to the fragmentation of DCP. However, the release of DMP from the tablets using Amberlite IRP69 was not significantly changed because of the higher degree of cross-linking of the resinates, which exhibited more resistance to deformation under compression. In conclusion, the properties of polysulfonate resin, such as particle shape and degree of cross-linking, and the deformation under compaction of fillers affect the physical properties and the drug release of the resinate tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaned Pongjanyakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Fundueanu G, Constantin M, Esposito E, Cortesi R, Nastruzzi C, Menegatti E. Cellulose acetate butyrate microcapsules containing dextran ion-exchange resins as self-propelled drug release system. Biomaterials 2005; 26:4337-47. [PMID: 15683658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sulfopropylated dextran microspheres (SP-Ms), (Dm = 80 microm) loaded with a water soluble drug (Tetracycline HCl), were included in cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) microcapsules. Spherical CAB microcapsules were obtained by oil in water (o/w) solvent evaporation method in the presence of an inert solvent as cyclohexane (CyH) or n-hexane (N-Hex), and different excipients (Phospholipon, Tween, Span, Eudragit RS 100). Chloroform was found to be the best solvent for the preparation of the microcapsules. Also, the sphericity as well as the porosity of the microcapsules was controlled by the presence of an inert solvent. The final concentration of the drug in CAB microparticles was up to 25% (w/w). The key factors for the successful preparation were also the viscosity of the polymer, while the wettability of the resulted microcapsules, the temperature of the preparation, and the porosity have modulated the release of the drug. The higher is the amount of encapsulated microspheres the thinner is the CAB wall between the compartments created by their incorporation. When these microspheres come in contact with the release medium, the pressure created by their swelling breaks the polymer film and the drug starts to be released. The more drug is released in phosphate buffer the higher is the swelling degree of the encapsulated ion exchange resins and the force created by their supplementary swelling will break the more resistants walls. In this way a self-propelled drug release is achieved, until almost all drug was eliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Fundueanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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37
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Pongjanyakul T, Prakongpan S, Rungsardthong U, Chancham P, Priprem A. Characteristics and in vitro release of dextromethorphan resinates. POWDER TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2005.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pisal S, Zainnuddin R, Nalawade P, Mahadik K, Kadam S. Drug release properties of polyethylene-glycol-treated ciprofloxacin-Indion 234 complexes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2004; 5:e64. [PMID: 15760061 PMCID: PMC2750489 DOI: 10.1208/pt050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment of ciprofloxacin-Indion 234 complex was aimed to retard rapid ion exchange drug release at gastric pH. Ciprofloxacin loading on Indion 234 was performed in a batch process, and the amount of K(+) in Indion 234 displaced by drug with time was studied as equilibrium constant K(DM). Drug-resin complex (DRC) was treated with aqueous PEG solution (0.5%-2% wt/vol) of different molecular weights (MWs) for 2 to 30 minutes. The PEG-treated ciprofloxacin-Indion 234 complex was evaluated for particle size, water absorption time, and drug release at gastric pH. During drug loading on Indion 234, the equilibrium constant (K(DM)) increased rapidly up to 20 minutes with efficient drug loading. Increased time of immersion of the drug resinate in PEG solutions significantly retained higher size particles upon dehydration. The larger DRC particles showed longer water absorption times owing to compromised hydrating power. The untreated DRC showed insignificant drug release in deionized water; while at gastric pH, ciprofloxacin release was complete in 90 minutes. A trend of increased residual particle size, proportionate increase in water absorption time, and hence the retardation of release with time of immersion was evident in PEG-treated DRC. The time of immersion of DRC in PEG solution had predominant release retardant effect, while the effect of molecular weight of PEG was insignificant. Thus, PEG treatment of DRC successfully retards ciprofloxacin ion exchange release in acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambhaji Pisal
- Poona College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-411 038, Maharashtra, India.
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Retention of progesterone by four carbonaceous materials: study of the adsorption kinetics. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(03)00324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Ion-exchange resins (IER), or ionic polymer networks, have received considerable attention from pharmaceutical scientists because of their versatile properties as drug-delivery vehicles. In the past few years, IER have been extensively studied in the development of novel drug-delivery systems (DDSs) and other biomedical applications. Some of the DDSs containing IER have been introduced into the market. In this review, the applications of IER in drug delivery research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Anand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical, Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Tel.: +91 172 214 682; fax: +91 172 214 692 web: www.niper.nic.in., Punjab, India
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41
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Ichikawa H, Fujioka K, Adeyeye MC, Fukumori Y. Use of ion-exchange resins to prepare 100 microm-sized microcapsules with prolonged drug-release by the Wurster process. Int J Pharm 2001; 216:67-76. [PMID: 11274808 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ion-exchange resin (IER)--drug complexes were used as core materials to explore their capability to prepare a 100 microm-sized, highly drug-incorporated microcapsule with a prolonged drug release by the Wurster process. Diclofenac sodium was loaded into Dowex 1-X2 fractionated into 200--400 mesh and subsequently microencapsulated with two types of aqueous colloidal polymer dispersion, Aquacoator Eudragit RS30D. The mass median diameter and drug content of the microcapsules thus obtained were 98 microm and 46% with Aquacoat, and 95 microm and 50% with Eudragit RS30D, respectively. Each microcapsule was obtained at a product yield of 94%. The rate of drug release from the microcapsules was highly dependent on the encapsulating materials. For the microcapsules coated with Aquacoat, diclofenac sodium was found to be rapidly released over 4 h, even at a 25 wt% coating level because of cracks on the microcapsule surfaces resulting from the swelling stress of the drug-loaded IER cores. In contrast, significantly prolonged drug-release was achieved in the microcapsules prepared with Eudragit RS30D: even such a very low coating level as 3 wt% provided an exceptionally prolonged drug-release over 24 h. The results indicated that the use of IER along with a flexible coating material would be a feasible way to prepare a prolonged release type of microcapsules with a diameter of 100 microm and a drug content of more than 50% by the Wurster process.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ichikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and High Technology Research Center, Kobe Gakuin University, Arise 518, Ikawadani-cho, Nishi-ku, 651-2180, Kobe, Japan
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