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Zhu C, Chen J, Shi L, Liu Q, Liu C, Zhang F, Wu H. Development of Child-Friendly Lisdexamfetamine Chewable Tablets Using Ion Exchange Resin as a Taste-Masking Carrier Based on the Concept of Quality by Design (QbD). AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:132. [PMID: 37291437 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste masking is critical to improving the compliance of pediatric oral dosage forms. However, it is challenging for extremely bitter lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) with a long half-life and given in large dose. The present study aims to develop an immediate-release, taste-masked lisdexamfetamine chewable tablet. Lisdexamfetamine-resin complexes (LRCs) were prepared using the batch method. The molecular mechanism of taste masking was explored by PXRD, PLM, STA, and FT-IR. The results showed that taste masking was attributed to the ionic interaction between drug and the resin. The ion exchange process conformed to first-order kinetics. The rate-limiting step of drug release was the diffusion of ions inside the particles, and the concentration of H+ was the key factor for immediate release. The masking efficiency of the prepared LRCs in saliva exceeded 96%, and the drug could be completely released within 15 min in aqueous HCl (pH 1.2). Furthermore, the SeDeM expert system was used for the first time to comprehensively study the powder properties of LRCs and to quickly visualize their defects (compressibility, lubricity/stability, and lubricity/dosage). The selection of excipients was targeted rather than traditional screening, thus obtaining a robust chewable tablet formulation suitable for direct compression. Finally, the difference between chewable tablets containing LRCs and chewable tablets containing lisdexamfetamine dimesylate was compared by in vitro dissolution test, electronic tongue, and disintegration test. In conclusion, an immediate-released, child-friendly lisdexamfetamine chewable tablets without bitterness was successfully developed by the QbD approach, using the SeDeM system, which may help in further development of chewable tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinmin Chen
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Limin Shi
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qing Liu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fuli Zhang
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haoxiang Wu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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2
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Methods and Characteristics of Drug Extraction from Ion-Exchange-Resin-Mediated Preparations: Influences, Thermodynamics, and Kinetics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051191. [PMID: 36904432 PMCID: PMC10007538 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of ion-exchange resins, they have been used in many fields, including pharmacy. Ion-exchange resin-mediated preparations can realize a series of functions, such as taste masking and regulating release. However, it is very difficult to extract the drug completely from the drug-resin complex because of the specific combination of the drug and resin. In this study, methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release chewable tablets compounded by methylphenidate hydrochloride and ion-exchange resin were selected for a drug extraction study. The efficiency of drug extraction by dissociating with the addition of counterions was found to be higher than other physical extraction methods. Then, the factors affecting the dissociation process were studied to completely extract the drug from the methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release chewable tablets. Furthermore, the thermodynamic and kinetic study of the dissociation process showed that the dissociation process obeys the second-order kinetic process, and it is nonspontaneous, entropy-decreasing, and endothermic. Meanwhile, the reaction rate was confirmed by the Boyd model, and the film diffusion and matrix diffusion were both shown to be rate-limiting steps. In conclusion, this study aims to provide technological and theoretical support for establishing a quality assessment and control system of ion-exchange resin-mediated preparations, promoting the applications of ion-exchange resins in the field of drug preparation.
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3
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Mathematical modeling of coating time in dry particulate coating using mild vibration field with bead media described by DEM simulation. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Hu Q, Pang S, Wang D. In-depth Insights into Mathematical Characteristics, Selection Criteria and Common Mistakes of Adsorption Kinetic Models: A Critical Review. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2021.1922444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qili Hu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyue Pang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
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5
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Yasunaga T, Andoh T, Ogawa N, Yamamoto H, Ichikawa H. Design and preparation of nanocomposite acrylate coating agents for binder-free dry coating of 100 µm-sized drug-containing particles and their coating performance. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 170:133-143. [PMID: 34864196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
For binder-free dry particulate coating to prepare controlled-release micron-sized particles, we designed nanocomposite coating agents with the intention to form a core-shell structure composed of two types of acrylic polymers with different glass transition temperatures (Tg) and evaluated their coating performance. A series of nanocomposite acrylic latexes synthesized by emulsion polymerization was freeze-dried after salting-out to create the powder form. An ion-exchange resin loaded with diclofenac sodium (DS, a model drug) (IER-DS) with a median diameter of approximately 100 µm was used as the core particle. Dry coating of the IER-DS with nanocomposite coating agents was carried out using a laboratory-made coating apparatus assisted with mild-intensity vibration and zirconia bead impaction. The coated particles were cured by heating at a temperature 20 °C higher than the Tg for 12 h to complete the film-forming process. It was found that the highest coating efficiency (more than 70%) and a remarkably prolonged release period of the drug (the time required for 50% release reached approximately 12 h) could be achieved when nanocomposite coating agents with a soft polymeric core (Tg = 30 °C) and a hard polymeric shell (Tg = 80 °C) were applied. In contrast, nanocomposite coating agents with a combination of a hard polymeric core and a soft polymeric shell resulted in lower coating efficiency. These results demonstrate that nanocomposite polymeric coating agents composed of a soft core and hard shell are effective for the production of drug-loaded microparticles with a prolonged release function by a binder-free dry-coating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Yasunaga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 650-8586, Japan.
| | - Tooru Andoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Noriko Ogawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-0037, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-0037, Japan
| | - Hideki Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 650-8586, Japan.
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6
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Formulation and evaluation of bitter taste-masked orally disintegrating tablets of high memantine hydrochloride loaded granules coated with polymer via layering technique. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120725. [PMID: 34029663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) improve patient adherence as they can easily disintegrate in the presence of small amount of saliva. However, the bitter taste of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in ODTs reduces patient compliance. The present study aimed to formulate bitter taste-masked ODTs containing high-dose of memantine hydrochloride (MTN) to achieve a balance between bitterness suppression and dissolution rate or disintegration time and mechanical strength. The high MTN-loaded granules were prepared using a fluidized bed granulator. Taste-masking granules coated with the selected polymer were prepared using the layering technique. Three ODTs, composed of granules coated with different polymers, were prepared. The ODT prepared using granules coated with enteric polymers showed the fastest collapse time (>20 s). Dissolution rates of ODTs composed of enteric polymers were reduced by 5 min compared with ODTs composed of non-coated or coated with water-insoluble polymer granules. X-ray computed tomography analysis revealed that low density distribution of ODTs with enteric polymer granules may result in faster disintegration time. Although ODT prepared using enteric polymers had the fastest collapse time, its change in membrane potential caused by adsorption (CPA), corresponding to aftertaste, was the lowest among formulations. This CPA value was lower than the bitterness threshold.
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7
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Deng Y, Wang T, Li J, Sun W, He H, Gou J, Wang Y, Yin T, Zhang Y, Tang X. Studies on the in vitro ion exchange kinetics and thermodynamics and in vivo pharmacokinetics of the carbinoxamine-resin complex. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119779. [PMID: 32805380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The short half-life and bitter taste of carbinoxamine maleate2 (CAM) lead to poor compliance by pediatric patients who are being treated for allergic rhinitis. To address these issues, carbinoxamine-resin complexes3 (CRCs) were prepared by ion exchange and then coated with Kollicoat SR 30D. The resultant microencapsulated carbinoxamine-resin complexes4 (MCRCs) were dispersed into the medium to obtain the final suspensions. The drug loading kinetics and thermodynamics of CRCs, anti-swelling mechanism of the impregnant in MCRCs, in vitro release, and in vivo pharmacokinetics of the suspensions were systematically evaluated. The drug loading process was found to obey a first-order kinetic process that was spontaneous, entropy-reduced and exothermic, and the diffusion of CAM into the resin was the rate-limiting step. During microencapsulation, the impregnant could create a certain buffer space to control the swelling of CRCs and maintain the coating film intact. The homemade preparations had release behaviors similar to that of the reference in vitro and achieved sustained release in vivo. The low drug loading preparation had a higher relative bioavailability of 109% owing to its faster release and better dispersibility. Therefore, the suspensions based on MCRCs could be successfully applied to treating allergic rhinitis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Wanxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
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8
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Fischer A, Lilienthal S, Vázquez-González M, Fadeev M, Sohn YS, Nechushtai R, Willner I. Triggered Release of Loads from Microcapsule-in-Microcapsule Hydrogel Microcarriers: En-Route to an "Artificial Pancreas". J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4223-4234. [PMID: 32031792 PMCID: PMC7467680 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A method to assemble stimuli-responsive nucleic acid-based hydrogel-stabilized microcapsule-in-microcapsule systems is introduced. An inner aqueous compartment stabilized by a stimuli-responsive hydrogel-layer (∼150 nm) provides the inner microcapsule (diameter ∼2.5 μm). The inner microcapsule is separated from an outer aqueous compartment stabilized by an outer stimuli-responsive hydrogel layer (thickness of ∼150 nm) that yields the microcapsule-in-microcapsule system. Different loads, e.g., tetramethyl rhodamine-dextran (TMR-D) and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), are loaded in the inner and outer aqueous compartments. The hydrogel layers exist in a higher stiffness state that prevents inter-reservoir or leakage of the loads from the respective aqueous compartments. Subjecting the inner hydrogel layer to Zn2+-ions and/or the outer hydrogel layer to acidic pH or crown ether leads to the triggered separation of the bridging units associated with the respective hydrogel layers. This results in the hydrogel layers of lower stiffness allowing either the mixing of the loads occupying the two aqueous compartments, the guided release of the load from the outer aqueous compartment, or the release of the loads from the two aqueous compartments. In addition, a pH-responsive microcapsule-in-microcapsule system is loaded with glucose oxidase (GOx) in the inner aqueous compartment and insulin in the outer aqueous compartment. Glucose permeates across the two hydrogel layers resulting in the GOx catalyzed aerobic oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. The acidification of the microcapsule-in-microcapsule system leads to the triggered unlocking of the outer, pH-responsive hydrogel layer and to the release of insulin. The pH-stimulated release of insulin is controlled by the concentration of glucose. While at normal glucose levels, the release of insulin is practically prohibited, the dose-controlled release of insulin in the entire diabetic range is demonstrated. Also, switchable ON/OFF release of insulin is achieved highlighting an autonomous glucose-responsive microdevice operating as an "artificial pancreas" for the release of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Fischer
- Institute
of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sivan Lilienthal
- Institute
of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Margarita Vázquez-González
- Institute
of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Michael Fadeev
- Institute
of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yang Sung Sohn
- Institute
of Life Science, The Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- Institute
of Life Science, The Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute
of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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9
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Taki H, Kobashi A, Ishida M, Otsuka M. Fundamental evaluation and optimization of porous spherical silica for developing functional fine particles via fluidized bed coating. Int J Pharm 2019; 571:118685. [PMID: 31513873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Particle coating, a taste-masking technique for drugs, is limited by its long manufacturing time, which is caused by the decrease in the spray rate required to prevent particle agglomeration. Mesoporous silica particles, which have a high surface area and pore sizes in the range of 2-50 nm, possess high surface free energy; they have attracted significant interest for numerous applications in adsorption, separation, and catalysis and drug delivery. A form of mesoporous silica, microbead silicate, can prevent particle aggregation because of its good water absorbency and drying properties. Hence, it has been suggested to be applicable for particle coating. This study evaluated the physical properties and drug release capability of microbead silicate with different pore sizes. Although microbead silicate with small pores displayed a rapid drug release profile, drug release was incomplete. Contrastingly, microbead silicate with large pores achieved complete drug release even with high drug loading. Furthermore, in the case of 100% layering, the porosity of microbead silicate was maintained, thus sufficiently preventing aggregation due to the prevention of formation of liquid bridging of the coating solution. These results suggest that using microbead silicate with large pores for particle coating enables complete drug release while improving manufacturability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Taki
- Department of Product Development Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Kobashi
- Department of Product Development Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishida
- Department of Product Development Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Otsuka
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Yasunaga T, Nakamura K, Andoh T, Ichikawa H. Binder-free dry particulate coating process using a mild vibration field: Effects of glass-transition temperature and powdering method of polymeric coating agents on coating performance. Int J Pharm 2019; 561:206-218. [PMID: 30822506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We employed a new dry coating process with mild-intensity vibration to prepare a 100-µm-sized microparticle capable of prolonged release of a drug. To accomplish this without using a binder, a series of laboratory-made acrylic latexes with different glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 30 °C to 80 °C were employed as coating agents, and the effects of Tg and powdering method of the coating agents on coating performance were investigated. The laboratory-made acrylic latexes were powdered by spray-drying (SD) or freeze-drying (FD). Diclofenac sodium (DS)-loaded ion-exchange-resin with particle size ∼100 µm was used as a core particle. The process utilized vibrations with amplitude of 0.5 mm and frequency of 90 Hz to form an ordered mixture composed of the core particles with the loosely-layered coating agents. Subsequently, the coating agents were fixed mechanically on the core particle by impaction of zirconia beads. The coating agents powdered by FD showed higher coating efficiencies than those powdered by SD, irrespective of the differences in Tg values. Among the coating agents powdered by FD, the particles coated at Tg = 60 °C exhibited the most prolonged drug-release, although the coating efficiency was not the highest. In our proposed process utilizing mild vibration, we demonstrated that adjusting the Tg of the coating agents is crucial to the formation of binder-free multiple coating layers for prolonged drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Yasunaga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan.
| | - Kazukiyo Nakamura
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Tooru Andoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Hideki Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan.
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11
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Shang R, Liu C, Quan P, Zhao H, Fang L. Effect of drug-ion exchange resin complex in betahistine hydrochloride orodispersible film on sustained release, taste masking and hygroscopicity reduction. Int J Pharm 2018; 545:163-169. [PMID: 29729403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Orodispersible film (ODF) is a widely used oral solid dosage form. However, it's not suitable for drugs with short half-life, bitterness and strong hygroscopicity. The present study aims to develop a sustained release and stable betahistine hydrochloride ODF without bitterness. Drug-resin complex (IRDC) was prepared using batch method. In vitro dissolution experiment, e-Tongue and hygroscopicity experiment were conducted to compare the differences between ODF containing IRDC and ODF containing betahistine hydrochloride. Drug release kinetics showed that the diffusion of drug in IRDC was the rate-limiting step of drug release. DSC and FT-IR were conducted to explore the molecular mechanism of taste masking and hygroscopicity reduction. It turned out that taste masking was attributed to the ionic interaction between drug and resin and the slow dissolution of drug from IRDC. The site where drug form hydrogen bonds with water molecular was occupied by drug-resin interaction leading to hygroscopicity reduction. In summary, in this study we not only developed a betahistine hydrochloride ODF with good properties but also explored the effect of drug-resin interaction on sustained release, taste masking and hygroscopicity reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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12
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Kouchak M, Ramezani Z, Bagheri F. Preparation and Evaluation of Taste Masking Iron Suspension: Taking Advantage of Weak Cationic Exchange Resin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:719-729. [PMID: 28971358 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to use weak acid cation exchange resin to mask the taste and eliminate the teeth staining problems of ferrous sulfate liquid preparations for use in pediatrics. Amberlite IPR64 was loaded by Fe(II). Then, different suspensions of the iron-resin complex were prepared using various polymers as the suspending agents, and sorbitol as well as sucrose as sweeteners. Physical stability, rheological assessment, kinetics of Fe(II) release, and taste evaluation of suspensions were studied. The results implied that the prepared iron suspension was more stable when xanthan gum is used as the suspending agent. It was also shown that iron release in 0.7% NaCl (similar to saliva) was very negligible compared to relatively quick release in acidic medium (resembled the stomach). Overall, the volunteers confirmed that the formulations were successful in iron taste masking. The pH-dependent process of ion exchange by weak cationic resins opens an attractive approach to access a taste-masked iron suspension for infants.
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13
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Methotrexate-loaded porous polymeric adsorbents as oral sustained release formulations. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:598-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Dong K, Zeng A, Wang M, Dong Y, Wang K, Guo C, Yan Y, Zhang L, Shi X, Xing J. In vitro and in vivo study of a colon-targeting resin microcapsule loading a novel prodrug, 3,4,5-tributyryl shikimic acid. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16971b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodrugs synthesized by different drugs not only overcome the defects of the original drugs, but also significantly enhance their treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dong
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Aiguo Zeng
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Maoling Wang
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Chenning Guo
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Xianpeng Shi
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
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Zeng A, Dong K, Wang M, Sun J, Dong Y, Wang K, Guo C, Yan Y, Zhang L, Shi X, Xing J. Investigation of the colon-targeting, improvement on the side-effects and therapy on the experimental colitis in mouse of a resin microcapsule loading dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:1992-2002. [PMID: 26006768 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1046569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Dexamethasone is the major drug in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the extensive or long-time use of dexamethasone causes many toxic side-effects. Ion exchange resins react with external-ions through their own functional groups and Eudragit S occurs degradation when pH > 7. These features make them suitable for oral delivery system. OBJECTIVE Resin microcapsule (DRM) composed by 717 anion exchange resin and Eudragit S100 was used to target dexamethasone to the colon to improve its treatment effect on UC and reduce its toxic side-effects. RESULTS Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DXSP) was sequentially encapsulated in 717 anion-exchange resin and Eudragit S100 to prepare the DXSP-loaded resin microcapsule (DXSP-DRM). The in vitro release study and in vivo study of pharmacokinetics and the intestinal drug residues in rat demonstrated the good colon-targeting of DXSP-DRM. Moreover, the DXSP-DRM can reduce the toxic side-effects induced by DXSP and have good therapeutic effects on colitis mouse induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. DISCUSSION Dexamethasone can be targeted to the colon by DRM, thereby enhancing its treatment effect and reducing its toxic side effects. CONCLUSION The resin microcapsule system has good colon-targeting and can be used in the development of colon-targeted preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Zeng
- a School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Kai Dong
- a School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Maoling Wang
- b Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Qingdao , Shandong , China , and
| | - Jinyao Sun
- c Department of Pharmacy , the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Yalin Dong
- c Department of Pharmacy , the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Ke Wang
- a School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Chenning Guo
- a School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Yan Yan
- a School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Lu Zhang
- a School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Xianpeng Shi
- a School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- a School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
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Polenz I, Brosseau Q, Baret JC. Monitoring reactive microencapsulation dynamics using microfluidics. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:2916-23. [PMID: 25705975 PMCID: PMC4424838 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00218d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We use microfluidic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices to measure the kinetics of reactive encapsulations occurring at the interface of emulsion droplets. The formation of the polymeric shell is inferred from the droplet deformability measured in a series of expansion-constriction chambers along the microfluidic chip. With this tool we quantify the kinetic processes governing the encapsulation at the very early stage of shell formation with a time resolution of the order of the millisecond for overall reactions occurring in less than 0.5 s. We perform a comparison of monomer reactivities used for the encapsulation. We study the formation of polyurea microcapsules (PUMCs); the shell formation proceeds at the water-oil interface by an immediate reaction of amines dissolved in the aqueous phase and isocyanates dissolved in the oil phase. We observe that both monomers contribute differently to the encapsulation kinetics. The kinetics of the shell formation process at the oil-in-water (O/W) experiments significantly differs from the water-in-oil (W/O) systems; the component dissolved in the continuous phase has the largest impact on the kinetics. In addition, we quantified the retarding effect on the encapsulation kinetics by the interface stabilizing agent (surfactant). Our approach is valuable for quantifying in situ reactive encapsulation processes and provides guidelines to generate microcapsules with soft interfaces of tailored and controllable interfacial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Polenz
- Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization , Am Fassberg 17 , Göttingen , Germany . ; Tel: +49 551 5176 291
| | - Quentin Brosseau
- Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization , Am Fassberg 17 , Göttingen , Germany . ; Tel: +49 551 5176 291
| | - Jean-Christophe Baret
- Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization , Am Fassberg 17 , Göttingen , Germany . ; Tel: +49 551 5176 291
- CNRS , Univ. Bordeaux , CRPP , UPR 8641 , Soft Micro Systems , 115 Avenue Schweitzer , 33600 Pessac , France .
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Jain SK, Kumar A, Kumar A, Pandey AN, Rajpoot K. Development and in vitro characterization of a multiparticulate delivery system for acyclovir-resinate complex. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1266-75. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1024841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Amrish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Aditya N. Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kuldeep Rajpoot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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18
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De Robertis S, Bonferoni MC, Elviri L, Sandri G, Caramella C, Bettini R. Advances in oral controlled drug delivery: the role of drug-polymer and interpolymer non-covalent interactions. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:441-53. [PMID: 25267345 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.966685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After more than four decades of intense research, oral controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs) still represent a topic of major interest for pharmaceutical scientist and formulators. This can be explained in part by considering the economic value of oral DDSs whose market accounts for more than half of the overall drug delivery market. Polymeric systems based on drug-polymer non-covalent interaction represent a limited, but growing part of the field. Despite the large amount of literature and published reviews covering specific aspects, there is still need for a review of the relevant literature providing a general picture of the topic. AREAS COVERED The present review aims at presenting the latest findings in drug-polymer and interpolymer non-covalent interactions in oral controlled delivery while providing a specific perspective and a critical point of view, particularly on the tools and methods used for the study of these DDSs. Four main sections are considered: i) ionic interactions between drugs and polymers; ii) interpolymer complexes; iii) hydrogen bond; and iv) hydrophobic interactions. EXPERT OPINION The largest part of the scientific literature deals with systems based on drug-polymer ionic interactions while hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction though, very promising, are more difficult to exploit, and therefore less studied. An accurate and exhaustive representation of the specific role of the chemical functions in establishing predictable interactions between drug and polymers is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Robertis
- PhD Student, University of Parma, Department of Pharmacy , Parma , Italy
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19
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Yuan J, Liu T, Li H, Shi T, Xu J, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang Q, Xu L, Wang Y, Li S. Oral sustained-release suspension based on a novel taste-masked and mucoadhesive carrier–ion-exchange fiber. Int J Pharm 2014; 472:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Controlled drug release studies of atenolol using differently sulfonated acryloxyacetophenone and methyl methacrylate copolymer resins as drug carriers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-014-1406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Abbaspourrad A, Datta SS, Weitz DA. Controlling release from pH-responsive microcapsules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:12697-702. [PMID: 24041287 DOI: 10.1021/la403064f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report a microfluidic approach to produce monodisperse pH-responsive microcapsules with precisely controlled release behavior. The solid microcapsule shells are composed of a biocompatible pH-responsive polymer and robustly encapsulate an active material; however, when exposed to a trigger pH, the shells degrade and ultimately release the microcapsule contents. We control the trigger pH by using polymers that dissolve at different pH values. We independently control the time at which the microcapsule contents are released by carefully controlling the shell thickness. Moreover, we independently control the rate at which the encapsulated contents are released by making hybrid shells composed of a mixture of a pH-responsive polymer and varying proportions of another, solid, pH-unresponsive polymer. This enables us to achieve monodisperse microcapsules that robustly encapsulate an active material, only releasing it when exposed to a desired pH, after a prescribed time delay, and at a prescribed rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Physics and SEAS, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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22
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Ishida M, Uchiyama J, Isaji K, Suzuki Y, Ikematsu Y, Aoki S. A novel approach to a fine particle coating using porous spherical silica as core particles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1054-64. [PMID: 23781858 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.807277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The applicability of porous spherical silica (PSS) was evaluated as core particles for pharmaceutical products by comparing it with commercial core particles such as mannitol (NP-108), sucrose and microcrystalline cellulose spheres. We investigated the physical properties of core particles, such as particle size distribution, flow properties, crushing strength, plastic limit, drying rate, hygroscopic property and aggregation degree. It was found that PSS was a core particle of small particle size, low friability, high water adsorption capacity, rapid drying rate and lower occurrence of particle aggregation, although wettability is a factor to be carefully considered. The aggregation and taste-masking ability using PSS and NP-108 as core particles were evaluated at a fluidized-bed coating process. The functional coating under the excess spray rate shows different aggregation trends and dissolution profiles between PSS and NP-108; thereby, exhibiting the formation of uniform coating under the excess spray rate in the case of PSS. This expands the range of the acceptable spray feed rates to coat fine particles, and indicates the possibility of decreasing the coating time. The results obtained in this study suggested that the core particle, which has a property like that of PSS, was useful in overcoming such disadvantages as large particle size, which feels gritty in oral cavity; particle aggregation; and the long coating time of the particle coating process. These results will enable the practical fine particle coating method by increasing the range of optimum coating conditions and decreasing the coating time in fluidized bed technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishida
- Global Formulation Research, Japan, Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Core Function Unit, Eisai Product Creation Systems, Eisai Co. Ltd. , 1, Kawashimatakehaya-machi, Kakamigahara, Gifu , Japan
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23
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Sustained-release diclofenac potassium orally disintegrating tablet incorporating eudragit ERL/ERS: possibility of specific diclofenac-polymer interaction. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-013-0065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Hoashi Y, Tozuka Y, Takeuchi H. Solventless dry powder coating for sustained drug release using mechanochemical treatment based on the tri-component system of acetaminophen, carnauba wax and glidant. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:259-65. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.673625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Yewale CP, Rathi MN, Kore GG, Jadhav GV, Wagh MP. Formulation and development of taste masked fast-disintegrating tablets (FDTs) of Chlorpheniramine maleate using ion-exchange resins. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 18:367-76. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.627870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Maeda A, Shinoda T, Ito N, Baba K, Oku N, Mizumoto T. Evaluating tamsulosin hydrochloride-released microparticles prepared using single-step matrix coating. Int J Pharm 2011; 408:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Liu H, Pan W, Ke P, Dong Y, Ji L. Preparation and evaluation of a novel gastric mucoadhesive sustained-release acyclovir microsphere. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:1098-105. [DOI: 10.3109/03639041003677780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Liu
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Weisan Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Peng Ke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK
| | - Yixiang Dong
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lijun Ji
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
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28
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Saxena S, Bajpai SK. Controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium from calcium alginate beads loaded with a drug-resin complex. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Park HY, Oh KS, Koo HM, Cho SH, Chung SJ, Lim YT, Kim D, Yuk SH. Heparin-immobilized pluronic/PVA composite microparticles for the sustained delivery of ionic drug. J Microencapsul 2008; 25:106-10. [DOI: 10.1080/02652040701800917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Halder A, Sa B. Sustained release of propranolol hydrochloride based on ion-exchange resin entrapped within polystyrene microcapsules. J Microencapsul 2008; 23:899-911. [PMID: 17390631 DOI: 10.1080/02652040601035192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Propranolol-HCl, a water soluble drug, was bound to Indion 254, a cation exchange resin, and the resulting resinate was microencapsulated with polystyrene using an oil-in-water emulsion-solvent evaporation method with a view to achieve prolonged drug release in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. The effect of various formulation parameters on the characteristics of the microcapsules was studied. The diameter of the resinate-loaded polystyrene microcapsules increased with increase in the concentration of emulsion stabilizer and coat/core ratio and decreased with increase in the volume of organic disperse phase. The variation in the size of the microcapsules appeared to be related with the inter-facial viscosity which was influenced by the viscosity of both the aqueous dispersion medium and the organic disperse phase. The resinate encapsulation efficiency and hence the drug entrapment efficiency of the microcapsules increased with increase in the concentration of emulsion stabilizer and coat/core ratio and decreased with increase in the volume of organic disperse phase. These characteristics were found to depend on the extent of formation of fractured microcapsules and subsequent partitioning of the resinate into the aqueous dispersion medium. The degree of fracture on the microcapsules depended on the viscosity of the aqueous dispersion medium and the organic disperse phase. The uncoated resinate discharged the drug quite rapidly following the typical particle diffusion process. Although the desorption of the drug from the resinate was independent of pH of the dissolution media, increase in ionic strength increased the drug desorption. On the other hand, release of drug from the coated resinate was considerably prolonged and followed a diffusion controlled model. The prolongation of drug release was dependent on the uniformity of coating which was influenced by the formulation parameters. The drug release from the microcapsules was also found to be independent of pH of the dissolution media and increased with increase in ionic strength. The pH-independent release of the drug from both the uncoated and microencapsulated resinate was due to pH-independent solubility of the drug and high equilibrium concentration of the resinate in both the dissolution media. Polystyrene appeared to be a suitable polymer to provide prolonged release of propranolol independent of pH of the dissolution media.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Halder
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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31
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Jeong SH, Park K. Drug loading and release properties of ion-exchange resin complexes as a drug delivery matrix. Int J Pharm 2008; 361:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Bhise K, Shaikh S, Bora D. Taste mask, design and evaluation of an oral formulation using ion exchange resin as drug carrier. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:557-62. [PMID: 18491233 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to mask the bitter taste of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride (DPH) using cation exchange resins. Indion 234 and Tulsion 343 that contained crosslinked polyacrylic backbone were used. The drug resin complexes (DRC) were prepared by batch process by taking drug: resin ratios 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The optimum drug: resin ratio and the time required for maximum complexation was determined. The drug resinates were evaluated for the drug content, taste, micromeritic properties drug release and X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Effervescent and dispersible tablets were developed from optimum drug: resin ratios of 1:2 and 1:1. The formulations were evaluated for uniformity of dispersion, disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution. The X-ray diffraction study confirmed the monomolecularity of entrapped drug in the resin beads. The taste evaluation depicted the successful taste masking of DPH with drug resin complexes. The drug release of 95% in 15 min was observed for effervescent and dispersible tablets.
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Junyaprasert VB, Manwiwattanakul G. Release profile comparison and stability of diltiazem–resin microcapsules in sustained release suspensions. Int J Pharm 2008; 352:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pongjanyakul T. Effect of sampling procedures of release testing on drug release and scale-up production feasibility of multiple-unit dextromethorphan resinate tablets: a technical note. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:E117. [PMID: 18181538 DOI: 10.1208/pt0804117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Jeong SH, Berhane NH, Haghighi K, Park K. Drug release properties of polymer coated ion-exchange resin complexes: experimental and theoretical evaluation. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:618-32. [PMID: 17080409 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although ion-exchange resins have been used widely as drug delivery systems, their exact release kinetics has not been reported yet. Usually only the rate-limiting step has been taken into account and the rest of the steps have been ignored as instantaneous processes. To investigate the exact release kinetics of polymer-coated drug/ion-exchange resin complexes for sustained drug delivery, the results of new mathematical modeling were compared with experimental results. Drug/resin complexes with a model drug, dextromethorphan, were prepared and used as cores for fluid-bed coating. An aqueous colloidal dispersion of poly(vinyl acetate) was applied for the coating. A comprehensive mathematical model was developed using a mechanistic approach by considering diffusion, swelling, and ion-exchange processes solved by numerical techniques. The rate-limiting factor of the uncoated resin particles was diffusion through the core matrix. Similarly, in the coated particles the rate-limiting factor was diffusion through the coating membrane. The mathematical model has captured the phenomena observed during experimental evaluations and the release dynamics from uncoated and coated (at different coat levels) particles were predicted accurately (maximum RMSE 2.4%). The mathematical model is a useful tool to theoretically evaluate the drug release properties from coated ion-exchange complexes thus can be used for design purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Ichikawa H, Fukumori Y. Design of Nanohydrogel-Incorporated Microcapsules for Appropriate Controlled-Release of Peptide Drugs. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2007; 127:813-23. [PMID: 17473523 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.127.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active peptides for therapeutic use have relatively short half-lives in general, requiring appropriate controlled-release systems for better therapy. Controlled release of peptides is, however, not as easy as that of conventional drugs because their large molecular size is much more dramatic in hindering the diffusion and release from polymeric devices. From this perspective, we have been developing two types of microcapsular devices containing new acrylate-based nanogels with a specific solute-permeability for delayed- or thermosensitive-release of peptide drugs. The microcapsule preparation was accomplished by an air suspension coating process. A nanogel-particle of acrylic terpolymer, ethyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, was newly synthesized by emulsion polymerization to construct delayed-release microcapsules. By spray-coating the insulin-loaded lactose particles with the acrylic terpolymers, microcapsules showing a pH-independent delayed-release profile can be obtained. Oral administration of the microcapsules with the lag time of 6 hours to beagle dogs resulted in significantly reduced blood glucose concentration, leading to colon-specific insulin delivery with pharmacological availability of 5%. Meanwhile, poly(N-isopropylcarylamide) (p(NIPAAm)) nanogel-particles with a reversible temperature-dependent swelling property were prepared by dispersion polymerization to fabricate microcapsular membranes with thermosensitively changeable permeability. The microcapsules constructed by coating of drug-loaded CaCO(3) particles with a blend mixture of the p(NIPAAm) nanogels and ethylcellulose pseudo-latex exhibited an 'on-off' positively thermosensitive drug-release; the release rate was remarkably enhanced at higher temperatures possibly due to the formation of voids through the shrinkage of p(NIPAAm) nanogels in the membrane. A possible application of this type of microcapsules can be found in externally temperature-activated pulsatile peptide delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ichikawa
- Division of Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Japan.
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37
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Fuchigami K, Taguchi Y, Tanaka M. Preparation of hemispherical hollow silica microcapsules with different affinity surface by using spherical vaterite calcium carbonate as template. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Kristensen J. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of polystyrene-coated diltiazem-resin complex by oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation method. AAPS PharmSciTech 2006; 7:E46. [PMID: 16796363 PMCID: PMC2750326 DOI: 10.1208/pt070246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the suitability of polystyrene-coated (PS-coated) microcapsules of drug-resin complex for achieving prolonged release of diltiazem-HCl, a highly water-soluble drug, in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. The drug was bound to Indion 254, a cation-exchange resin, and the resulting resinate was microencapsulated with PS using an oil-in-water emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The effect of various formulation parameters on the characteristics of the microcapsules was studied. Mean diameter and encapsulation efficiency of the microcapsules rose with an increase in the concentration of emulsion stabilizer and the coat/core ratio, while the same characteristics tended to decrease with an increase in the volume of the organic disperse phase. The desorption of drug from the uncoated resinate was quite rapid and independent of the pH of the dissolution media. On the other hand, the drug release from the microcapsules was prolonged for different periods of time depending on the formulation parameters and was also found to be independent of the pH of the dissolution media. Both the encapsulation efficiency and the retardation of drug release were found to be dependent on the uniformity of coating, which in turn was influenced by the formulation parameters. Kinetic studies revealed that the desorption of drug from the resinate obeyed the typical particle diffusion process, whereas the drug release from the microencapsulated resinate followed the diffusion-controlled model in accordance with the Higuchi equation. PS appeared to be a suitable polymer to provide prolonged release of diltiazem independent of the pH of the dissolution media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Kristensen
- />Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pongjanyakul T, Priprem A, Chitropas P, Puttipipatkhachorn S. Effect of polysulfonate resins and direct compression fillers on multiple-unit sustained-release dextromethorphan resinate tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2005; 6:E190-7. [PMID: 16353977 PMCID: PMC2750531 DOI: 10.1208/pt060228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of different polysulfonate resins and direct compression fillers on physical properties of multiple-unit sustained-release dextromethorphan (DMP) tablets. DMP resinates were formed by a complexation of DMP and strong cation exchange resins, Dowex 50 W and Amberlite IRP69. The tablets consisted of the DMP resinates and direct compression fillers, such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCP), and spray-dried rice starch (SDRS). Physical properties of tablets, such as hardness, disintegration time, and in vitro release, were investigated. A good performance of the tablets was obtained when MCC or SDRS was used. The use of rod-like and plate-like particles of Amberlite IRP69 caused a statistical decrease in tablet hardness, whereas good tablet hardness was obtained when spherical particle of Dowex 50 W was used. The plastic deformation of the fillers, such as MCC and SDRS, caused a little change in the release of DMP. A higher release rate constant was found in the tablets containing DCP and Dowex 50 W, indicating the fracture of the resinates under compression, which was attributable to the fragmentation of DCP. However, the release of DMP from the tablets using Amberlite IRP69 was not significantly changed because of the higher degree of cross-linking of the resinates, which exhibited more resistance to deformation under compression. In conclusion, the properties of polysulfonate resin, such as particle shape and degree of cross-linking, and the deformation under compaction of fillers affect the physical properties and the drug release of the resinate tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaned Pongjanyakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Radiation synthesis of polyaspartamide functionalised hydrogels for sustained release of fragrances. Colloid Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-005-1351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pongjanyakul T, Prakongpan S, Rungsardthong U, Chancham P, Priprem A. Characteristics and in vitro release of dextromethorphan resinates. POWDER TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2005.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chretien C, Boudy V, Allain P, Chaumeil JC. Indomethacin release from ion-exchange microspheres: impregnation with alginate reduces release rate. J Control Release 2004; 96:369-78. [PMID: 15120894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2003] [Accepted: 01/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ion-exchange microspheres (MS) designed as a drug delivery system for embolization coupling ability to occlude vessels and chemotherapy were used to evaluate a manufacturing process allowing to control the drug release rate through reduction of diffusion rate of the drug within the particle by impregnation of calcium alginate inside the porous MS. Impregnation was performed by diffusion of sodium alginate inside DEAE-Trisacryl(R) MS, dispersion of the MS in deionised water and gelling alginate by adding CaCl(2) to the dispersed MS. Studied parameters were alginate concentration, alginate diffusion time and calcium concentration. Indomethacin was loaded into the MS by eluting an aqueous indomethacin solution through a chromatographic column packed with impregnated MS. Indomethacin loading was reduced by alginate. Swelling studies showed indomethacin loading enhanced the hydrophobicity of MS while impregnation had no effect. This had an incidence on indomethacin release rate, which was assessed using the rapid elution of PBS through loaded impregnated MS packed in a column. Indomethacin loading reduced its own rate of release. MS impregnated with 2% w/v alginate gelled with a 40 mM calcium solution presented the lower release rate. This work indicated the manufacturing conditions to display a calcium alginate matrix effect on indomethacin release from DEAE-Trisacryl MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chretien
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique, Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris 5, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
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Abstract
Ion-exchange resins (IER), or ionic polymer networks, have received considerable attention from pharmaceutical scientists because of their versatile properties as drug-delivery vehicles. In the past few years, IER have been extensively studied in the development of novel drug-delivery systems (DDSs) and other biomedical applications. Some of the DDSs containing IER have been introduced into the market. In this review, the applications of IER in drug delivery research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Anand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical, Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Tel.: +91 172 214 682; fax: +91 172 214 692 web: www.niper.nic.in., Punjab, India
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