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Yun T, Lee S, Yun S, Cho D, Bang K, Kim K. Investigation of Stabilized Amorphous Solid Dispersions to Improve Oral Olaparib Absorption. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:958. [PMID: 39065655 PMCID: PMC11280475 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the formulation of stable solid dispersions to enhance the bioavailability of olaparib (OLA), a therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer and breast cancer characterized as a BCS class IV drug with low solubility and low permeability. Various polymers were screened based on solubility tests, and OLA-loaded solid dispersions were prepared using spray drying. The physicochemical properties of these dispersions were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Subsequent dissolution tests, along with assessments of morphological and crystallinity changes in aqueous solutions, led to the selection of a hypromellose (HPMC)-based OLA solid dispersion as the optimal formulation. HPMC was effective at maintaining the supersaturation of OLA in aqueous solutions and exhibited a stable amorphous state without recrystallization. In an in vivo study, this HPMC-based OLA solid dispersion significantly enhanced bioavailability, increasing AUC0-24 by 4.19-fold and Cmax by more than 10.68-fold compared to OLA drug powder (crystalline OLA). Our results highlight the effectiveness of HPMC-based solid dispersions in enhancing the oral bioavailability of OLA and suggest that they could be an effective tool for the development of oral drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kyuho Bang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (S.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Kyeongsoo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (S.Y.); (D.C.)
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Lombardo R, Ruponen M, Rautio J, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Calosi L, Bani D, Lampinen R, Kanninen KM, Koivisto AM, Penttilä E, Löppönen H, Pignatello R. Development of Lyophilised Eudragit ® Retard Nanoparticles for the Sustained Release of Clozapine via Intranasal Administration. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051554. [PMID: 37242796 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clozapine (CZP) is the only effective drug in schizophrenia resistant to typical antipsychotics. However, existing dosage forms (oral or orodispersible tablets, suspensions or intramuscular injection) show challenging limitations. After oral administration, CZP has low bioavailability due to a large first-pass effect, while the i.m. route is often painful, with low patient compliance and requiring specialised personnel. Moreover, CZP has a very low aqueous solubility. This study proposes the intranasal route as an alternative route of administration for CZP, through its encapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) based on Eudragit® RS100 and RL100 copolymers. Slow-release polymeric NPs with dimensions around 400-500 nm were formulated to reside and release CZP in the nasal cavity, where it can be absorbed through the nasal mucosa and reach the systemic circulation. CZP-EUD-NPs showed a controlled release of CZP for up to 8 h. Furthermore, to reduce mucociliary clearance and increase the residence time of NPs in the nasal cavity to improve drug bioavailability, mucoadhesive NPs were formulated. This study shows that the NPs already exhibited strong electrostatic interactions with mucin at time zero due to the presence of the positive charge of the used copolymers. Furthermore, to improve the solubility, diffusion and adsorption of CZPs and the storage stability of the formulation, it was lyophilised using 5% (w/v) HP-β-CD as a cryoprotectant. It ensured the preservation of the NPs' size, PDI and charge upon reconstitution. Moreover, physicochemical characterisation studies of solid-state NPs were performed. Finally, toxicity studies were performed in vitro on MDCKII cells and primary human olfactory mucosa cells and in vivo on the nasal mucosa of CD-1 mice. The latter showed non-toxicity of B-EUD-NPs and mild CZP-EUD-NP-induced tissue abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Lombardo
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Marika Ruponen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA)-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA)-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Calosi
- Platform of Imaging, Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Platform of Imaging, Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Riikka Lampinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Koivisto
- Brain Research Unit, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Neuro Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medcine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Penttilä
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Löppönen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED-Research Centre on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Snetkov P, Morozkina S, Olekhnovich R, Uspenskaya M. Diflunisal Targeted Delivery Systems: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6687. [PMID: 34772213 PMCID: PMC8588122 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diflunisal is a well-known drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, primary dysmenorrhea, and colon cancer. This molecule belongs to the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and thus possesses serious side effects such as cardiovascular diseases risk development, renal injury, and hepatic reactions. The last clinical data demonstrated that diflunisal is one of the recognized drugs for the treatment of cardiac amyloidosis and possesses a survival benefit similar to that of clinically approved tafamidis. Diflunisal stabilizes the transthyretin (TTR) tetramer and prevents the misfolding of monomers and dimers from forming amyloid deposits in the heart. To avoid serious side effects of diflunisal, the various delivery systems have been developed. In the present review, attention is given to the recent development of diflunisal-loaded delivery systems, its technology, release profiles, and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Snetkov
- Center of Chemical Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, 49A, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (S.M.); (R.O.); (M.U.)
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Insoluble Polymers in Solid Dispersions for Improving Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081679. [PMID: 32731391 PMCID: PMC7466147 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, solid dispersions have been demonstrated as an effective approach for improving the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, as have solid dispersion techniques that include the application of nanotechnology. Many studies have reported on the ability to change drug crystallinity and molecular interactions to enhance the dissolution rate of solid dispersions using hydrophilic carriers. However, numerous studies have indicated that insoluble carriers are also promising excipients in solid dispersions. In this report, an overview of solid dispersion strategies involving insoluble carriers has been provided. In addition to the role of solubility and dissolution enhancement, the perspectives of the use of these polymers in controlled release solid dispersions have been classified and discussed. Moreover, the compatibility between methods and carriers and between drug and carrier is mentioned. In general, this report on solid dispersions using insoluble carriers could provide a specific approach and/or a selection of these polymers for further formulation development and clinical applications.
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Bashir M, Syed HK, Asghar S, Irfan M, Almalki WH, Menshawi SA, Khan IU, Shah PA, Khalid I, Ahmad J, Gohar UF, Peh KK, Iqbal MS. Effect of Hydrophilic Polymers on Complexation Efficiency of Cyclodextrins in Enhancing Solubility and Release of Diflunisal. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1564. [PMID: 32679660 PMCID: PMC7408593 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of three hydrophilic polymers, namely, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poloxamer-188 (PXM-188) on the solubility and dissolution of diflunisal (DIF) in complexation with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) or hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), were investigated. The kneading method was used at different drug to cyclodextrin weight ratios. Increases in solubility and drug release were observed with the DIF/βCD and DIF/HPβCD complexes. The addition of hydrophilic polymers at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0% w/w markedly improved the complexation and solubilizing efficiency of βCD and HPβCD. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) showed that DIF was successfully included into the cyclodextrin cavity. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) confirmed stronger drug amorphization and entrapment in the molecular cage of cyclodextrins. The addition of PVA, CMC-Na or PXM-188 reduced further the intensity of the DIF endothermic peak. Most of the sharp and intense peaks of DIF disappeared with the addition of hydrophilic polymers. In conclusion, PXM-188 at a weight ratio of 10.0% w/w was the best candidate in enhancing the solubility, stability and release of DIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Bashir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.B.); (S.A.); (M.I.); (I.U.K.); (I.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Haroon Khalid Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.B.); (S.A.); (M.I.); (I.U.K.); (I.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.B.); (S.A.); (M.I.); (I.U.K.); (I.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.B.); (S.A.); (M.I.); (I.U.K.); (I.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salah Ali Menshawi
- Department of Toxicology in Comprehensive Specialized Clinics Security Forces, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.B.); (S.A.); (M.I.); (I.U.K.); (I.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Pervaiz A. Shah
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Ikrima Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.B.); (S.A.); (M.I.); (I.U.K.); (I.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Junaid Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.B.); (S.A.); (M.I.); (I.U.K.); (I.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Umar Farooq Gohar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Kok Khiang Peh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
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Abou Obaid NI, Al-Jenoobi FI, Ibrahim MA, Alam MA. Losartan potassium sustained release pellets with improved in vitro and in vivo performance. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:1031-1042. [PMID: 32538215 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1782934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate SR matrix pellets containing losartan potassium (LP) solid dispersion using extrusion-spheronization technique to minimize the fluctuation of its plasma concentration. LP solid dispersions were prepared by using different hydrophobic polymers at different weight ratios (0.5, 1, 2, and 5%). LP-Eudragit RS solid dispersion at 1:5 ratio resulted in slower drug release (only 20% of LP was released in about 8 h). Different concentrations of hydrophilic polymer, PEG 6000, were mixed with Avicel® PH 101 to prepare the LP SR matrix pellets containing solid dispersion using 32 full factorial design to evaluate the effects of formulation parameters on the pellets attributes. The magnitude of torque for the pellet wet masses and binder ratio were decreased significantly with increasing PEG 6000 concentration. LP sustained release pellet formula composed of 9.24% PEG 6000 and 8 × 10-9% PVP K30 solution was chosen as optimized formula. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that calculated t max was 9.72 ± 2.22 h from the optimized sustained release pellets compared to 2.11 ± 0.49 h in case of Cozaar® immediate release tablet, indicating a slower release of the LP from pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha I Abou Obaid
- Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohd A Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Adibkia K, Ghajar S, Osouli-Bostanabad K, Balaei N, Emami S, Barzegar-Jalali M. Novel Gliclazide Electrosprayed Nano-Solid Dispersions: Physicochemical Characterization and Dissolution Evaluation. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:231-240. [PMID: 31380248 PMCID: PMC6664122 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In the current study, electrospraying was directed as a novel alternative approach to improve the physicochemical attributes of gliclazide (GLC), as a poorly water-soluble drug, by creating nanocrystalline/amorphous solid dispersions (ESSs). Methods: ESSs were formulated using Eudragit® RS100 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 as polymeric carriers at various drug: polymer ratios (i.e. 1:5 and 1:10) with different total solution concentrations of 10, 15, and 20% w/v. Morphological, physicochemical, and in-vitro release characteristics of the developed formulations were assessed. Furthermore, GLC dissolution behaviors from ESSs were fitted to various models in order to realize the drug release mechanism. Results: Field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that the size and morphology of the ESSs were affected by the drug: polymer ratios and solution concentrations. The polymer ratio augmentation led to increase in the particle size while the solution concentration enhancement yielded in a fiber establishment. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction investigations demonstrated that the ESSs were present in an amorphous state. Furthermore, the in vitro drug release studies depicted that the samples prepared employing PEG 6000 as carrier enhanced the dissolution rate and the model that appropriately fitted the release behavior of ESSs was Weibull model, where demonstrating a Fickian diffusion as the leading release mechanism. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results showed a probability of complexation or hydrogen bonding, development between GLC and the polymers in the solid state. Conclusion: Hence the electrospraying system avails the both nanosizing and amorphization advantages, therefore, it can be efficiently applied to formulating of ESSs of BCS Class II drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosro Adibkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Ghajar
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Osouli-Bostanabad
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Niloufar Balaei
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Emami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abd El-Alim SH, Kassem AA, Basha M, Salama A. Comparative study of liposomes, ethosomes and transfersomes as carriers for enhancing the transdermal delivery of diflunisal: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2019; 563:293-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Dalcin AJF, Vizzotto BS, Bochi GV, Guarda NS, Nascimento K, Sagrillo MR, Moresco RN, Schuch AP, Ourique AF, Gomes P. Nanoencapsulation of the flavonoid dihydromyricetin protects against the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by cationic nanocapsules. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 173:798-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Mueller BJ, Zhdanov AV, Borisov SM, Foley T, Okkelman IA, Tsytsarev V, Tang Q, Erzurumlu RS, Chen Y, Zhang H, Toncelli C, Klimant I, Papkovsky DB, Dmitriev RI. Nanoparticle-based fluoroionophore for analysis of potassium ion dynamics in 3D tissue models and in vivo. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1704598. [PMID: 30271316 PMCID: PMC6157274 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201704598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The imaging of real-time fluxes of K+ ions in live cell with high dynamic range (5-150 mM) is of paramount importance for neuroscience and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, kidney and other tissues. In particular, the research on high-performance deep-red fluorescent nanoparticle-based biosensors is highly anticipated. We found that BODIPY-based FI3 K+-sensitive fluoroionophore encapsulated in cationic polymer RL100 nanoparticles displays unusually strong efficiency in staining of broad spectrum of cell models, such as primary neurons and intestinal organoids. Using comparison of brightness, photostability and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) we confirmed that FI3 nanoparticles display distinctively superior intracellular staining compared to the free dye. We evaluated FI3 nanoparticles in real-time live cell imaging and found that it is highly useful for monitoring intra- and extracellular K+ dynamics in cultured neurons. Proof-of-concept in vivo brain imaging confirmed applicability of the biosensor for visualization of epileptic seizures. Collectively, this data makes fluoroionophore FI3 a versatile cross-platform fluorescent biosensor, broadly compatible with diverse experimental models and that crown ether-based polymer nanoparticles can provide a new venue for design of efficient fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard J. Mueller
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander V. Zhdanov
- ABCRF, School of Biochemistry and Cell biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tara Foley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Irina A. Okkelman
- ABCRF, School of Biochemistry and Cell biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qinggong Tang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 20740 MD, USA
| | - Reha S. Erzurumlu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 20740 MD, USA
| | - Haijiang Zhang
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Toncelli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Klimant
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dmitri B. Papkovsky
- ABCRF, School of Biochemistry and Cell biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ruslan I. Dmitriev
- ABCRF, School of Biochemistry and Cell biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Janga KY, King T, Ji N, Sarabu S, Shadambikar G, Sawant S, Xu P, Repka MA, Murthy SN. Photostability Issues in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Photostabilization. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:48-59. [PMID: 28905241 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodegradation is one of the major pathways of the degradation of drugs. Some therapeutic agents and excipients are highly sensitive to light and undergo significant degradation, challenging the quality and the stability of the final product. The adequate knowledge of photodegradation mechanisms and kinetics of photosensitive therapeutic entities or excipients is a pivotal aspect in the product development phase. Hence, various pharmaceutical regulatory agencies, across the world, mandated the industries to assess the photodegradation of pharmaceutical products from manufacturing stage till storage, as per the guidelines given in the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). Recently, numerous formulation and/or manufacturing strategies has been investigated for preventing the photodegradation and enhancing the photostability of photolabile components in the pharmaceutical dosage forms. The primary focus of this review is to discuss various photodegradation mechanisms, rate kinetics, and the factors that influence the rate of photodegradation. We also discuss light-induced degradation of photosensitive lipids and polymers. We conclude with a brief note on different approaches to improve the photostability of photosensitive products.
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Benfattoum K, Haddadine N, Bouslah N, Benaboura A, Maincent P, Barillé R, Sapin-Minet A, El-Shall MS. Formulation characterization and in vitro evaluation of acacia gum-calcium alginate beads for oral drug delivery systems. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Benfattoum
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Macromoléculaire et Thio organique Macromoléculaire; Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Faculté de chimie; B.P. 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar Alger 16111 Algeria
| | - Nabila Haddadine
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Macromoléculaire et Thio organique Macromoléculaire; Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Faculté de chimie; B.P. 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar Alger 16111 Algeria
| | - Naima Bouslah
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Macromoléculaire et Thio organique Macromoléculaire; Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Faculté de chimie; B.P. 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar Alger 16111 Algeria
| | - Ahmed Benaboura
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Macromoléculaire et Thio organique Macromoléculaire; Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Faculté de chimie; B.P. 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar Alger 16111 Algeria
| | - Philippe Maincent
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR EA3452; Nancy France
| | - Régis Barillé
- Laboratoire MOLTECH ANJOU; Université d'Angers/UMR CNRS 62002; Bd Lavoisier Angers 49045 France
| | - Anne Sapin-Minet
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR EA3452; Nancy France
| | - M. Samy El-Shall
- Department of Chemistry; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA 23284-2006 USA
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Kaur A, Bhoop BS, Chhibber S, Sharma G, Gondil VS, Katare OP. Supramolecular nano-engineered lipidic carriers based on diflunisal-phospholipid complex for transdermal delivery: QbD based optimization, characterization and preclinical investigations for management of rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Pharm 2017; 533:206-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Parekh VJ, Desai ND, Shaikh MS, Shinde UA. Self nanoemulsifying granules (SNEGs) of meloxicam: preparation, characterization, molecular modeling and evaluation of in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:600-610. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1275665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi J. Parekh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, India
| | - Namita D. Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, India
| | - Mushtaque S. Shaikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, India
| | - Ujwala A. Shinde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, India
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Nour SA, Abdelmalak NS, Naguib MJ. Novel chewable colon targeted tablets of bumadizone calcium for treatment of ulcerative colitis: Formulation and optimization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ashour EA, Majumdar S, Alsheteli A, Alshehri S, Alsulays B, Feng X, Gryczke A, Kolter K, Langley N, Repka MA. Hot melt extrusion as an approach to improve solubility, permeability and oral absorption of a psychoactive natural product, piperine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:989-98. [PMID: 27283755 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of the current research project were to investigate the efficiency of various polymers to enhance the solubility and increase the systemic absorption of piperine using hot melt extrusion technology. METHODS Piperine 10-40% w/w and Eudragit(®) EPO/Kollidon(®) VA 64 or Soluplus(®) were mixed, and the resulting blends were extruded using a twin-screw extruder (Process 11, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Drug release profiles and piperine solubility studies of the extrudates were evaluated. A non-everted intestinal sac was employed for the most promising formulation, 10% w/w piperine/Soluplus(®) , and pure piperine to study the permeability characteristics. KEY FINDINGS Dissolution studies demonstrated enhancement in piperine per cent release of 10% and 20% w/w piperine/Soluplus(®) extrudates up to 95% and 74%, respectively. The solubility of 10% and 20% piperine/Soluplus(®) increased more than 160- and 45-fold in water, respectively. Furthermore, permeability studies demonstrated the enhancement in piperine absorption of 10% w/w piperine/Soluplus(®) extrudates up to 158.9 μg/5 ml compared with pure piperine at 1.3 μg/5 ml within 20 min. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that increasing the bioavailability of piperine may be achieved as demonstrated by findings in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Abdulla Alsheteli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alsulays
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Andreas Gryczke
- Global Development and Technical Marketing, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, 67056, Germany
| | - Karl Kolter
- R&D Product Management Excipients, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, 67056, Germany
| | - Nigel Langley
- BASF Corporation, 500 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
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Skotnicki M, Aguilar JA, Pyda M, Hodgkinson P. Bisoprolol and bisoprolol-valsartan compatibility studied by differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray powder diffractometry. Pharm Res 2014; 32:414-29. [PMID: 25115829 PMCID: PMC4300422 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermal behavior of crystalline and amorphous bisoprolol fumarate and its compatibility with amorphous valsartan. This pharmacologically relevant drug combination is a potential candidate for fixed-dose combination formulation. Methods DSC and TMDSC were used to examine thermal behavior of bisoprolol fumarate. SSNMR and XRPD were applied to probe the solid state forms. The thermal behavior of physical mixtures with different concentrations of bisoprolol and valsartan were examined by DSC and TMDSC, and the observed interactions were investigated by XRPD, solution- and solid-state NMR. Results The phase transitions from thermal methods and solid-state NMR spectra of crystalline and amorphous bisoprolol fumarate are reported. Strong interactions between bisoprolol fumarate and valsartan were observed above 60 C, resulting in the formation of a new amorphous material. Solution- and solid-state NMR provided insight into the molecular nature of the incompatibility. Conclusions A combined analysis of thermal methods, solution- and solid-state NMR and XRPD experiments allowed the investigation of the conformational and dynamic properties of bisoprolol fumarate. Since bisoprolol fumarate and valsartan react to form a new amorphous product, formulation of a fixed-dose combination would require separate reservoirs for bisoprolol and valsartan to prevent interactions. Similar problems might be expected with other excipients or APIs containing carboxylic groups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11095-014-1471-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Skotnicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland
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Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Ethylcellulose and Polymethacrylate Resins Loaded Microparticles Containing Hydrophilic Drug. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS 2014; 2014:904036. [PMID: 26556206 PMCID: PMC4590829 DOI: 10.1155/2014/904036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The purpose of the recent study was to prepare and estimate sustained release of Ethylcellulose (300 cps) and Eudragit (RS 100 and RL 100) microparticles containing Propranolol hydrochloride used as a treatment of cardiovascular system, especially hypertension. Method. Propranolol hydrochloride was microencapsulated with different polymers (Ethylcellulose, Eudragit RS, and Eudragit RL) using modified hydrophobic (O/O) solvent evaporation method using 1 : 1 combination of acetone and isopropanol as the internal phase. Obtained microparticles were showing higher batch yield with higher encapsulation efficiency. Microparticles were prepared with different ratios of 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 5, and 1 : 7 (%, wt/wt) using span 80 (%, v/v) as a surfactant. Results. The influence of formulation factors like drug: polymer ratio, internal phase, and type of polymers on obtained microparticles was characterized with respect to particle size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, percentage yield, FTIR, and FE-SEM. Higher encapsulation efficiencies were obtained with various polymers like Ethylcellulose (96.63 ± 0.5) compared to Eudragit RS 100 (83.70 ± 0.6) and RL 100 (89.62 ± 0.6). The in vitro release study was characterized by initial burst. Conclusion. The result of study displays that Ethylcellulose and Eudragit loaded microparticles of Propranolol hydrochloride can be effectively prepared using modified hydrophobic emulsification solvent evaporation technique. Therefore, the modified hydrophobic emulsion technique can also be applied to the preparation of microparticles for low molecular weight and highly water soluble drugs.
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Murillo-Cremaes N, Subra-Paternault P, Domingo C, Roig A. Preparation and study of naproxen in silica and lipid/polymer hybrid composites. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46947f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Deshmukh RK, Naik JB. Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Eudragit® Microspheres: Optimization Using Statistical Experimental Design. J Pharm Innov 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-013-9167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Flurbiprofen PLGA-PEG nanospheres: Role of hydroxy-β-cyclodextrin on ex vivo human skin permeation and in vivo topical anti-inflammatory efficacy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 110:339-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Başaran E, Yenilmez E, Berkman MS, Büyükköroğlu G, Yazan Y. Chitosan nanoparticles for ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. J Microencapsul 2013; 31:49-57. [PMID: 23834316 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.805839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, cyclosporine A (CsA) was successfully incorporated into cationic chitosan nanoparticles by spray-drying method aiming ocular application. Physicochemical characterisation of particles was performed in detail. Among the particles prepared using three types of chitosan with different molecular weights, particles containing chitosan with medium molecular weight was selected for in vivo studies. Selection was dependent on higher incorporation and encapsulation efficiencies of CsA and also better release characteristic in simulated tear fluid. Sheep were used in in vivo studies. Biological samples were collected at predetermined time intervals and were analysed by enzyme immune assay. CsA could be detected in both aqueous and vitreous humour samples for the duration of 72 h. In vivo release profiles indicated prolonged release of active agent from positively charged chitosan formulations. This may be attributed to enhanced residence time at the corneal and conjunctival surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Başaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University , 26470 Eskişehir , Turkey
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A novel preparation method for 5-aminosalicylic acid loaded Eudragit S100 nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:6454-6468. [PMID: 22754377 PMCID: PMC3382771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13056454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) technique was applied for the preparation of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) loaded Eudragit S100 (EU S100) nanoparticles. The effects of various process variables including pressure, temperature, 5-ASA concentration and solution flow rate on morphology, particle size, 5-ASA loading and entrapment efficiency of nanoparticles were investigated. Under the appropriate conditions, drug-loaded nanoparticles exhibited a spherical shape and small particle size with narrow particle size distribution. In addition, the nanoparticles prepared were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The results showed that 5-ASA was imbedded into EU S100 in an amorphous state after SEDS processing and the SEDS process did not induce degradation of 5-ASA.
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Shanmugam S, Park JH, Chi SC, Yong CS, Choi HG, Woo JS. Physicochemical stability, pharmacokinetic, and biodistribution evaluation of paclitaxel solid dispersion prepared using supercritical antisolvent process. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 37:628-37. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.533682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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27
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Ozyazici M, Sevgi F, Pekcetin C, Sarpas B, Sayin S. Sustained release spherical agglomerates of polymethacrylates containing mefenamic acid: in vitro release, micromeritic properties and histological studies. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 17:483-893. [PMID: 21284557 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2010.550621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mefenamic acid (MA) spherical agglomerates (SAs) were prepared with various polymethacrylates having different permeability characteristics (Eudragit RS 100, Eudragit RL 100 and Eudragit L 100) and also with combination of Eudragit RS 100 and Eudragit L 100 in different ratios. SAs were prepared by spherical crystallization method using ethanol/dichloromethane solvent (crystallization) system. The influence of various formulation factors on the encapsulation efficiency, as in vitro drug release, and micromeritic properties was investigated. Target release profile of MA was also drawn. The yields of preparation and the encapsulation efficiencies were high for all formulations. The shape and surface characteristics of SAs were observed by a scanning electron microscope. The particle sizes are in the range of 0.219 ± 0.1 to 0.482 ± 0.25 mm (mean ± confidence interval t(95%)). In addition, histological studies showed that the administration of MA in SAs containing Eudragit RS/L provided a distinct tissue protection in the stomach and duodenum. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction of powder studies showed that MA particles crystallized in the presence of polymethacrylates did not undergo structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Ozyazici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Shanmugam S, Park JH, Chi SC, Yong CS, Choi HG, Woo JS. Antitumor efficacy of solid dispersion of paclitaxel prepared by supercritical antisolvent process in human mammary tumor xenografts. Int J Pharm 2011; 403:130-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pham TN, Watson SA, Edwards AJ, Chavda M, Clawson JS, Strohmeier M, Vogt FG. Analysis of amorphous solid dispersions using 2D solid-state NMR and (1)H T(1) relaxation measurements. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:1667-91. [PMID: 20681586 DOI: 10.1021/mp100205g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR (SSNMR) can provide detailed structural information about amorphous solid dispersions of pharmaceutical small molecules. In this study, the ability of SSNMR experiments based on dipolar correlation, spin diffusion, and relaxation measurements to characterize the structure of solid dispersions is explored. Observation of spin diffusion effects using the 2D (1)H-(13)C cross-polarization heteronuclear correlation (CP-HETCOR) experiment is shown to be a useful probe of association between the amorphous drug and polymer that is capable of directly proving glass solution formation. Dispersions of acetaminophen and indomethacin in different polymers are examined using this approach, as well as (1)H double-quantum correlation experiments to probe additional structural features. (1)H-(19)F CP-HETCOR serves a similar role for fluorinated drug molecules such as diflunisal in dispersions, providing a rapid means to prove the formation of a glass solution. Phase separation is detected using (13)C, (19)F, and (23)Na-detected (1)H T(1) experiments in crystalline and amorphous solid dispersions that contain small domains. (1)H T(1) measurements of amorphous nanosuspensions of trehalose and dextran illustrate the ability of SSNMR to detect domain size effects in dispersions that are not glass solutions via spin diffusion effects. Two previously unreported amorphous solid dispersions involving up to three components and containing voriconazole and telithromycin are analyzed using these experiments to demonstrate the general applicability of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran N Pham
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
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Sinha S, Ali M, Baboota S, Ahuja A, Kumar A, Ali J. Solid dispersion as an approach for bioavailability enhancement of poorly water-soluble drug ritonavir. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:518-27. [PMID: 20238187 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ritonavir is an antiretroviral drug characterized by low solubility and high permeability which corresponds to BCS class II drug. The purpose of the study was to develop solid dispersion by different methods and investigate them for in vitro and in vivo performance for enhancing dissolution and bioavailability, respectively. Since the drug possesses food-related absorption, the effect of biorelevant media (FaSSIF and FeSSIF state) on dissolution behavior was also studied. The solid dispersion was prepared using Gelucire as carrier in 1:4 ratio by different methods and were characterized for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and FT-IR. Oral bioavailability of 10 mg of ritonavir in solid dispersion prepared by solvent evaporation (SE1) and melt method (MM1) was compared with pure drug after oral administration of solid dispersion and pure drug to Albino Wistar rats of either sex. The results suggested formation of eutectic solid dispersion. In vitro dissolution studies was performed in 0.1 N HCl and biorelevant media showed enhanced dissolution rate as compared to pure drug in both FeSSIF media and 0.1 N HCl. The apparent rate of absorption of ritonavir from SE1 (C(max) 20221.37 ng/ml, t(max) 0.5 h) was higher than that of MM1 (C(max) 2,462.2, t(max) 1 h) and pure drug (C(max) 1,354.8 ng/ml, t(max) 0.5 h). On the basis of the result obtained, it was concluded that solid dispersion is a good approach to enhance solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble ritonavir.
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Abdullah GZ, Abdulkarim MF, Chitneni M, Mutee AF, Ameer OZ, Salman IM, Noor AM. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of mebeverine HCl colon-targeted drug delivery system. Pharm Dev Technol 2010; 16:331-42. [DOI: 10.3109/10837451003739255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sammour OA, Hammad MA, Zidan AS, Mowafy AG. QbD approach of rapid disintegrating tablets incorporating indomethacin solid dispersion. Pharm Dev Technol 2010; 16:219-27. [DOI: 10.3109/10837451003592209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sinha S, Baboota S, Ali M, Kumar A, Ali J. Solid Dispersion: An Alternative Technique for Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690903120136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vega E, Gamisans F, García M, Chauvet A, Lacoulonche F, Egea M. PLGA nanospheres for the ocular delivery of flurbiprofen: Drug release and interactions. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:5306-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shivakumar HN, Desai BG, Deshmukh G. Design and optimization of diclofenac sodium controlled release solid dispersions by response surface methodology. Indian J Pharm Sci 2008; 70:22-30. [PMID: 20390076 PMCID: PMC2852056 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.40327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3(2) factorial design was employed to produce controlled release solid dispersions of diclofenac sodium in Eudragit RS and RL by coevaporation of their ethanol solution in a flash evaporator. The effect of critical formulation variables namely total polymer pay loads and levels of Eudragit RL on percent drug incorporation (% DI), drug release at the end of 12 hours (Rel(12)) and drug release at the end of 3 hours (Rel(3)) were analyzed using response surface methodology. The parameters were evaluated using the F test and mathematical models containing only the significant terms were generated for each parameter using multiple linear regression analysis and analysis of variance. Both the formulation variables studied exerted a significant influence (p < 0.05) on the drug release whereas the total polymer levels emerged as a lone factor significantly influencing the percent drug incorporation. Numerical optimization technique employing desirability approach was used to develop a new formulation by setting constraints on the dependent and independent variables. The experimental values of % DI, Rel(12) and Rel(3) for the optimized batch were found to be 95.22 +/- 1.13%, 74.52 +/- 3.16% and 29.37 +/- 1.26% respectively which were in close agreement with those predicted by the mathematical models. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry and Powder x-ray diffractometry confirmed that the drug was reduced to molecular or microcrystalline form in the hydrophobic polymeric matrices, which could be responsible for the controlled drug release from the solid dispersions. The drug release from the solid dispersions followed first order rate kinetics and was characterized by Higuchian diffusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. N. Shivakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, K. L. E. S's College of Pharmacy, Rajajinagar 2 Block, Bangalore - 560 010, India
| | - B. G. Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, K. L. E. S's College of Pharmacy, Rajajinagar 2 Block, Bangalore - 560 010, India
| | - G. Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, K. L. E. S's College of Pharmacy, Rajajinagar 2 Block, Bangalore - 560 010, India
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Mollica G, Geppi M, Pignatello R, Veracini CA. Molecular Properties of Flurbiprofen and its Solid Dispersions with Eudragit RL100 Studied by High- and Low-Resolution Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Pharm Res 2006; 23:2129-40. [PMID: 16952004 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigation of the conformational and molecular dynamic properties of the acidic and sodium salt forms of Flurbiprofen and their solid dispersions with Eudragit RL100, obtained by two different preparation methods (physical mixtures and coevaporates), and of the mixing degree between the two components in the dispersions. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1H and 13C high-resolution solid state NMR techniques, including Single Pulse Excitation-MAS, CP-MAS, FSLG-HETCOR; low-resolution 1H FID analysis; 1H spin-lattice relaxation time measurements. RESULTS Conformational, molecular packing and dynamic differences were observed between the two pure forms of flurbiprofen, as well as between the pure drugs and the corresponding coevaporates. In the coevaporates of the two flurbiprofen forms, drug and polymer appear intimately mixed; their chemical interactions were detected and characterized. CONCLUSIONS A combined analysis of several 13C and 1H high- and low-resolution solid state NMR experiments allowed the investigation of the conformational and dynamic properties of the pure drugs and of the solid dispersions with the polymer, as well as of the degree of mixing between drug and polymer and of the chemical nature of their interaction. Such information could be compared to the in vitro drug release profiles given by these solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mollica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, v. Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Dillen K, Vandervoort J, Van den Mooter G, Ludwig A. Evaluation of ciprofloxacin-loaded Eudragit® RS100 or RL100/PLGA nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2006; 314:72-82. [PMID: 16600538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of present study was to prepare positively charged ciprofloxacin-loaded nanoparticles providing a controlled release formulation. The particles were prepared by water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsification and solvent evaporation, followed by high-pressure homogenisation. Two non-biodegradable positively charged polymers, Eudragit RS100 and RL100, and the biodegradable polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or PLGA were used alone or in combination, with varying ratios. The formulations were evaluated in terms of particle size and zeta potential. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements were carried out on the nanoparticles and on the pure polymers Eudragit and PLGA. Drug loading and release properties of the nanoparticles were examined. The antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was determined. During solvent evaporation, the size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles did not change significantly. The mean diameter was dependent on the presence of Eudragit and on the viscosity of the organic phase. The zeta potential of all Eudragit containing nanoparticles was positive in ultrapure water (around +21/+25 mV). No burst effect but a prolonged drug release was observed from all formulations. The particles' activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was comparable with an equally concentrated ciprofloxacin solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Dillen
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Suttiruengwong S, Rolker J, Smirnova I, Arlt W, Seiler M, Lüderitz L, Pérez de Diego Y, Jansens PJ. Hyperbranched polymers as drug carriers: microencapsulation and release kinetics. Pharm Dev Technol 2006; 11:55-70. [PMID: 16544909 DOI: 10.1080/10837450500463919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of hyperbranched polymers as drug carriers by employing different microparticle formation methods and the influence of loading methods on release kinetics. Commercially available hyperbranched polyester (Perstorp) and three polyesteramides (DSM) were loaded with the pharmaceutical acetaminophen. The gas antisolvent precipitation (GAS), the coacervation, and the particles from gas saturated solutions (PGSS) are among conventional processes that were used to prepare microparticles of drug-loaded hyperbranched polyesters for the first time. For preparing solid dispersions of drug-loaded hyperbranched polyesteramides the solvent method was applied. Infrared (IR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) studies suggest that acetaminophen is partly dissolved in the polymer matrix and partly crystallized outside the polymer matrix. For acetaminophen-loaded polyesters prepared by the GAS method, the presence of free drugs is predominant when compared to microparticles prepared by the coacervation method. This event disappears for microparticles prepared by the PGSS method. Moreover, the release of drug from drug-loaded Bol-GAS is biphasic, where the initial burst (48%), indicating the presence of unincorporated drugs, is followed by a slow-release phase, suggesting the diffusion of drug through polymer matrices. The release of drugs from drug-loaded Bol-PGSS do not show this behavior since the drug is better dissolved or dispersed in polymer matrices. In the case of drug-loaded polyesteramides, coevaporates prepared from 3 hyperbranched structures (H1690, H1200, and H1500) using the solvent method result in different release kinetics. The hydrophobic characteristic of hyperbranched polyesteramide H1500 shows the biphasic release kinetic whereas the drug released from hydrophilic matrices H1690 and H1200 exhibits fast release comparable to that of pure drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suttiruengwong
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Fachgebiet Thermodynamik und Thermische Verfahrenstechnik, Berlin, Germany
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Desai J, Alexander K, Riga A. Characterization of polymeric dispersions of dimenhydrinate in ethyl cellulose for controlled release. Int J Pharm 2006; 308:115-23. [PMID: 16326055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 10/27/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Granulations of dimenhydrinate (DMH) were prepared using various concentrations of ethyl cellulose (EC) by the solid dispersion technique. Characterization was done using thermal analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy and dissolution studies. Humidity studies were performed to investigate the effect of moisture on the drug and solid dispersions. It was seen that the crystalline drug was converted into its amorphous form in all the granulations. There was no chemical interaction between the DMH and EC. The thermal decomposition of drug in the granules was not affected. Dissolution studies revealed that the drug release from the granulations was significantly reduced as compared to the pure drug. As the amount of ethyl cellulose increased, the drug release rate decreased and the drug release kinetics showed a better fit to zero-order kinetics. Humidity studies showed that the drug and granulations remained stable in conditions not exceeding 70%RH. At high humidity of 100%RH, there was formation of the hydrate crystal forms of the drug in the pure drug samples and granules with 1:1 DMH-EC content whereas the granules with higher polymer content did not show any significant changes indicating better drug stability in the granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Desai
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, University of Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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Chen R, Okamoto H, Danjo K. Particle Design Using a 4-Fluid-Nozzle Spray-Drying Technique for Sustained Release of Acetaminophen. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:948-53. [PMID: 16819209 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We prepared matrix particles of acetaminophen (Act) with chitosan (Cht) as a carrier using a newly developed 4-fluid-nozzle spray dryer. Cht dissolves in acid solutions and forms a gel, but it does not dissolve in alkaline solutions. Therefore, we tested the preparation of controlled release matrix particles using the characteristics of this carrier. Act and Cht mixtures in prescribed ratios were dissolved in an acid solution. We evaluated the matrix particles by preparing a solid dispersion using a 4-fluid-nozzle spray dryer. Observation of the particle morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the particles from the spray drying process had atomized to several microns, and that they had become spherical. We investigated the physicochemical properties of the matrix particles by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and dissolution rate analyses with a view to clarifying the effects of crystallinity on the dissolution rate. The powder X-ray diffraction peaks and the heat of the Act fusion in the spray-dried samples decreased with the increase of the carrier content, indicating that the drug was amorphous. These results indicate that the system formed a solid dispersion. Furthermore, we investigated the interaction between the drug and carrier using FT-IR analysis. The FT-IR spectroscopy for the Act solid dispersions suggested that the Act carboxyl group and the Cht amino group formed a hydrogen bond. In addition, the measurement results of the 13C CP/MAS solid-state NMR, indicated that a hydrogen bond had been formed between the Act carbonyl group and the Cht amino group. In the Act-Cht system, the 4-fluid-nozzle spray-dried preparation with a mixing ratio of 1 : 5 obtained a sustained release preparation in all pH test solutions.
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Geppi M, Guccione S, Mollica G, Pignatello R, Veracini CA. Molecular Properties of Ibuprofen and Its Solid Dispersions with Eudragit RL100 Studied by Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Pharm Res 2005; 22:1544-55. [PMID: 16132368 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-005-6249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate, at a molecular level, the structural and dynamic properties of the acidic and sodium salt forms of ibuprofen and their solid dispersions with Eudragit RL100, obtained by two different preparation methods (physical mixtures and co-evaporates), which may affect the release properties of these drugs in their dispersed forms. METHODS (1)H and (13)C high-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, including single-pulse excitation magic-angle spinning, cross-polarization magic-angle spinning, and other selective 1D spectra, as well as more advanced 2D techniques Frequency Switched Lee-Goldburg HETeronuclear CORrelation (FSLG-HETCOR) and Magic Angle Spinning -J- Heteronuclear Multiple-Quantum Coherence (MAS-J-HMQC) and relaxation time measurements were used. RESULTS A full assignment of (13)C resonances and precise (1)H chemical shift values were achieved for the first time for the two forms of ibuprofen that showed very different inter-conformational dynamic behavior; drug-polymer interactions were observed and characterized in the co-evaporates of the two forms but were much stronger for the acidic form. CONCLUSIONS A combined analysis of several high-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments allowed the investigation of the structural and dynamic properties of the pure drugs and of the solid dispersions with the polymer, as well as of the degree of mixing between drug and polymer and of the chemical nature of their interaction. Such information could be related to the in vitro drug release profiles observed for the tested co-evaporates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Geppi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Viale Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Sadeghi F, Afrasiabi Garekani H, Goli F. Tableting of Eudragit RS and propranolol hydrochloride solid dispersion: effect of particle size, compaction force, and plasticizer addition on drug release. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2005; 30:759-66. [PMID: 15491053 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-120039652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The application of a solid dispersion (SD) system of propranolol HCl and Eudragit RS was evaluated in the preparation of prolonged release tablets. The effects of SD size fraction, compaction force, and inclusion of plasticizers [namely diethylphtalate (DEP) and triethylcitrate (TEC)] on crushing strengths of matrices and release profile of drug were also investigated. The results showed that when compressed as a tablet, the SD system was more efficient in prolonging drug release than physical mixture. This effect was due to formation of much harder tablets of the SD system (crushing strength 8.5 kg) compared with those of physical mixtures (crushing strength 2.7 kg). All matrices of the SD system showed release rate patterns that were best described by the Higuchi equation. It was also shown that the rate of drug release decreased from 19.8% to 9.13% min(-1/2) as the SD size fraction decreased from 300-350 to 125-250 microm. However, further reduction of size fraction did not significantly affect tablet crushing strength and drug release rate. Increase in compaction force from 5 to 30 kN increased the crushing strength of matrices from 2.9 to 13.6 kg. However, the rate of drug release remained nearly unchanged beyond compaction pressure of 10 kN, indicating that crushing strength of matrices in the range of 8.5-13.6 kg did not affect drug release rate. The addition of 5% or 10% of either plasticizer (DEP or TEC) led to an increase in crushing strength of matrices and more retardation of drug release. This effect was more pronounced for higher concentrations of plasticizers. This effect was probably due to more plastic deformation of matrices under the compaction force, which helped matrices to retain their shape throughout the dissolution test.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sadeghi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Pignatello R, Spadaro D, Vandelli MA, Forni F, Puglisi G. Characterization of the Mechanism of Interaction in Ibuprofen‐Eudragit RL100® Coevaporates. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2004; 30:277-88. [PMID: 15109027 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-120030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study is a preliminary exploration of the affinity between a carboxylic model drug, the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent ibuprofen (IBU) and Eudragit RL100 (RL) polymer. Due to the presence of a variable amount of quaternary ammonium groups in this matrix, physical and chemical interaction with the carboxylic drug can occur, which reinforces its scant mechanical dispersion in the polymer network and can ultimately affect its release profile in vitro and in vivo. To study these aspects, IBU was mixed at increasing weight ratios and in different chemical forms (free acid, sodium salt, and n-butyl ester), to investigate further the role of the carboxylic group in the interaction with the RL polymer. Therefore, IBU-RL solid dispersions (coevaporates) were obtained and fully characterized in the solid state through spectroscopic, calorimetric, and x-ray diffractometric analyses. The in vitro release pattern of the drug, in the different chemical states, was studied for the coevaporates, compared with drug-RL physical mixtures, along with drug adsorption profiles from aqueous solutions on the surface of the polymer granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Pignatello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Pignatello R, Bucolo C, Spedalieri G, Maltese A, Puglisi G. Flurbiprofen-loaded acrylate polymer nanosuspensions for ophthalmic application. Biomaterials 2002; 23:3247-55. [PMID: 12102196 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticle suspensions were prepared from Eudragit RS100R and RL100R polymer resins and loaded with flurbiprofen (FLU), with the aim at improving the availability of the drug at an intra-ocular level for the prevention of the myosis induced during extracapsular cataract surgery. Nanosuspensions were prepared by a quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique using different formulation parameters (drug-to-polymer ratio, initial polymer concentration, agitation speed, etc.). The resulting nanoparticles showed mean sizes around 100 nm and a fixed positive charge (zeta-potential around +40/+60 mV). Stability tests after mid-time storage (4 degrees C or room temperature) or freeze-drying were carried out to optimise a possible final pharmaceutical preparation. In vitro, dissolution tests showed a controlled release profile of FLU from the nanoparticles. In vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy was assessed in the rabbit eye after induction of an ocular trauma (paracentesis). FLU-loaded nanosuspensions did not show toxicity on ocular tissues. Moreover, an inhibition of the miotic response to the surgical trauma comparable to a control eye-drop formulation was obtained, even though an actual lower concentration of free drug in the conjunctival sac was achieved from the nanoparticle system. Drug levels in the aqueous humour were also higher after application of the nanosuspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pignatello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Città Universitaria, Itay.
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Pignatello R, Ferro M, Puglisi G. Preparation of solid dispersions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with acrylic polymers and studies on mechanisms of drug-polymer interactions. AAPS PharmSciTech 2002; 3:E10. [PMID: 12916947 PMCID: PMC2750312 DOI: 10.1208/pt030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work studied the mechanisms of interaction between Eudragit RS100 (RS) and RL100 (RL) polymers with 3 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: diflunisal (DIF), flurbiprofen (FLU), and piroxicam (PIR). Solid dispersions of polymers and drugs at different weight ratios were prepared by coevaporation of their ethanol solutions. The resulting coevaporates were characterized in the solid state (Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) IR, differential scanning calorimetry, powder-x-ray diffractometry) as well as by studying the in vitro drug release in a gastroenteric environment. Absorption tests from drug solutions to the solid polymers were also performed to better explain the mechanism of interactions between them. The preparative conditions did not induce changes in the crystalline state of the drugs (amorphization or polymorphic change). Drugs strongly interacted with the ammonium groups present in polymers, giving an electrostatic interaction that reinforced the mere physical dispersion of drug molecules within polymer networks. Such interactions are related to the chemical structure of the drugs and to their dissociated or undissociated state. The dispersion of drugs in the polymer matrices strongly influenced their dissolution rate, which appeared slower and more gradual than those of the pure drugs, when polymer ratios were increased. RL coevaporates usually displayed higher dissolution rates. The kinetic evaluation of the dissolution profile, however, suggested that both the drug solubility in the external medium and its diffusion capacity within the polymer network are involved. In the sorption experiments, RL showed a greater adsorptive capacity than RS, in relation to the greater number of quaternary ammonium functions, which behave as activity sites for the electrostatic interactions. In the presence of Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4), drug adsorption was reduced, as a consequence of the competition of the chloride ions with drug anions for the polymer binding sites. In general, DIF and FLU displayed a similar interaction with RS and RL active sites; PIR's was different. The different molecular structures of these agents can justify such findings. The presence of a carboxyl group (instead of another dissociable acidic moiety, like the hydroxy-enolic one in the PIR molecule) could help explain the strong interaction with RS and RL polymers' quaternary ammonium centers. Preliminary studies like ours are important in helping develop better forecasting and increasing the understanding of the incorporation/release behavior of drugs from particulate delivery systems that can be made from these polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Pignatello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita di Catania, viale A. Doria, 6-I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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