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Closset M, Onorati S, Colsoul ML, Goderniaux N, Bihin B, Jamart J, Soumoy L, Hecq JD, Odou P, Galanti L. Long-term physicochemical stability of 5-fluorouracil at selected standardised rounded doses in polyolefin bags. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023; 29:1878-1883. [PMID: 36718964 DOI: 10.1177/10781552231152618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy doses are usually prescribed on the basis of body surface area but dose banding is emerging as an efficient alternative. Dose banding presents the possibility of in-advance preparation in a Centralized Intravenous Admixture Service. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the long-term stability of 5-fluorouracil at banded doses (700 mg and 800 mg) in polyolefin bags. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten polyolefin bags were prepared under aseptic conditions and stored at 23 ± 2°C for 24 days. Five of them were composed of 14 mL 5-fluorocuracil (700 g) in 100 mL 0.9% sodium chloride solution and the five other of 16 mL 5-fluorouracil (800 mg) in 100 mL 0.9% sodium chloride solution. At defined times, physical stability parameters were assessed: optical densities, pH measurements, visual and microscopical inspections. Solutions concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector. RESULTS No change was observed on pH and optical density measurements during the study period. Visual and microscopical inspections remained free of colour change, precipitate, microagregate or crystal. The concentrations of 5-Fluorouracil in 800 mg bags remained stable for 24 days while the concentration in 700 mg bags showed a stability of at least 17 days. CONCLUSION Five-fluorouracil at banded doses of 700 and 800 mg in polyolefin bags is physicochemically stable for at least 17 days at 23 ± 2°C. These results support the possibility of in advance centralised preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Closset
- Medical Laboratory, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | | | - Marie-Lise Colsoul
- Medical Laboratory, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Goderniaux
- Medical Laboratory, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Benoît Bihin
- Scientific Support Unit, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Jacques Jamart
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Laura Soumoy
- Department of Pharmacy, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Jean-Daniel Hecq
- Department of Pharmacy, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Pascal Odou
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, ULR7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Lille, France
| | - Laurence Galanti
- Medical Laboratory, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Drug Stability Research Group, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
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2
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Gopinath PM, Parvathi VD, Yoghalakshmi N, Kumar SM, Athulya PA, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Plastic particles in medicine: A systematic review of exposure and effects to human health. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135227. [PMID: 35671817 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-use plastics (SUPs) have become an essential constituent of our daily life. It is being exploited in numerous pharmaceutical and healthcare applications. Despite their advantages and widespread use in the pharma and medical sectors, the potential clinical problems of plastics, especially the release of micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) and additives from medical plastics (e.g. bags, containers, and administrative sets) and sorption of drugs remain understudied. Certainly, the MNPs are multifaceted stressors that cause detrimental effects to the ecosystem and human health. The origin and persistence of MNPs in pharmaceutical products, their administration to humans, endurance and possible health implication, translocation, and excretion have not been reviewed in detail. The prime focus of this article is to conduct a systematic review on the leaching of MNPs and additives from pharmaceutical containers/administrative sets and their interaction with the pharmaceutical constituents. This review also explores the primary and secondary routes of MNPs entry from healthcare plastic products and their potential health hazards to humans. Furthermore, the fate of plastic waste generated in hospitals, their disposal, and associated MNPs release to the environment, along with preventive, and alternative measures are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, SRIHER: Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Yoghalakshmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, SRIHER: Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Madhan Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, SRIHER: Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Natarajan Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632 014, India.
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Evaluation of Drug Sorption on Laboratory Materials with Abraham Solvation Parameters of Drugs and its Prevention. Pharm Res 2021; 38:2167-2177. [PMID: 34931286 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Undesired drug sorption on laboratory material surfaces reduces the performance of analytical methods and results in the generation of unreliable data. Hence, we characterized the sorption of drugs and evaluated the sorption extent using a linear free energy relationship (LFER) model with Abraham solvation parameters of drugs. Furthermore, to prevent sorption, the effects of additives, such as organic solvents and salts, were evaluated. METHODS The sorption of fifteen model drugs (concentration: 2 μM), with various physicochemical properties, on materials in 0.2% dimethyl sulfoxide aqueous solutions was evaluated. Drug sorption extent on the materials was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The obtained results were analyzed using an LFER model with Abraham solvation parameters of the drugs. The effect of additives on the sorption of itraconazole, one of the most hydrophobic drugs among those tested in this study, was investigated. RESULTS Sorption was dependent on the physicochemical properties of drugs, rather than the type of materials used, and additives altered the rate of drug sorption. Equations were developed to evaluate the sorption extent (nmol) of drugs to glass and polypropylene using the Abraham solvation parameters of the drugs. CONCLUSIONS LFER modeling with Abraham solvation parameters of drugs enabled us to evaluate drug sorption on materials. All the additives altered the rate of drug sorption, and some organic solvents effectively prevented sorption. The developed LFER model would be useful for assessment of the sorption properties of compounds in in vitro evaluations in drug discovery research and various other biochemical fields.
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4
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Borgatta M, Hechon J, Wild P, Hopf NB. Influence of collection and storage materials on glycol ether concentrations in urine and blood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148196. [PMID: 34153747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycol ethers, such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) and propylene glycol monobuthyl ether (PGBE) are solvents found in many professional and domestic products. In biomonitoring studies, the type of materials used to collect, store, and transport these samples can greatly influence the analytical results because materials can adsorb the analyte. Plastic tubes generally have a hydrophobic internal surface that can reduce the concentration of certain chemicals and result in an underestimation of workers' exposures. The aim of this study was to assess whether the storage of PGME and PGBE spiked blood and urine samples led to different PGME and PGBE concentrations in vials made of glass and common plastics (polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) or polystyrene (PS)). Glycol ether concentrations were quantified with headspace gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. Our results show stable urinary PGME and PGBE concentrations in PP, while up to 15% variations in urinary PGME for PE and PS. For PGME and PGBE in blood, we observed no statistically significant losses in glass, while losses were recorded for all types of plastic tested (PS, PP and PE). We conclude that biomonitoring samples should be collected in glass for blood and PP for urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Borgatta
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of occupational and environmental health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Julie Hechon
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of occupational and environmental health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Research and Safety (INRS), Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of occupational and environmental health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Chularojanamontri L, Wongpraparut C, Silpa-Archa N, Chaiyabutr C, Pruksaeakanan C, Klinniyom A, Junnu S, Srisawat C. Patient-ready syringes containing 25 mg/mL methotrexate can be kept at temperature ranging from 4 °C to 37 °C for up to 12 weeks for use in psoriatic and rheumatologic conditions. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:1023-1028. [PMID: 32700608 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1800570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is a mainstay drug in the treatment of psoriatic and rheumatologic conditions. Subcutaneous MTX has become a feasible treatment alternative with the development of prefilled syringes or autoinjectors containing MTX solution that can be self-administered by the patient at home. However, MTX prefilled auto-injector pens are still not available in some countries. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the stability and sterility of 25 mg/mL MTX solution in a disposable plastic syringe over a 12-week period under light protection at temperatures of 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C. METHODS This study was conducted during November 2019 to February 2020 at the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. Stability was evaluated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography technique, and sterility was assessed by cultures for bacterial and fungal contamination. RESULTS Our results revealed that patient-ready syringes containing 25 mg/mL MTX solution can be prepared in advance and kept for up to 12 weeks under light protection, and they can be kept at temperatures ranging from 4 to 37 °C. CONCLUSION This system for delivering MTX to patients that are refractory to or intolerant of oral MTX via a self-administered pre-filled syringe is both efficient and easy to implement in care settings where commercially alternatives are not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Chularojanamontri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanisada Wongpraparut
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumol Silpa-Archa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayada Chaiyabutr
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutipon Pruksaeakanan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchalika Klinniyom
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Junnu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Srisawat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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6
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Ayed WB, Drira C, Soussi MA, Ouesleti H, Hamdene B, Khrouf M, Safta F, Fradi I. Physical and chemical stability of cytarabine in polypropylene syringes. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020; 27:827-833. [PMID: 32605496 DOI: 10.1177/1078155220937405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytarabine is widely used to treat leukemia and lymphoma. Currently, Cyrabol®, powder for injection, is one of the specialties marketed in Tunisia. However, no stability data when diluted with 0.9% NaCl are available. The aim of this study is to evaluate the physical and chemical stability of cytarabine (Cyrabol®) solution after dilution in 0.9% NaCl (1 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL) in polypropylene syringes under different storage conditions. METHODS Cytarabine solutions (1 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL) in 0.9% NaCl were prepared in polypropylene syringes and stored for 28 days under different conditions. Cytarabine preparations in glass containers were prepared as a control to detect any adsorption. Chemical stability was assessed by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method. The stability-indicating capacity of the method was proved by forced degradation tests. Linearity, precision and limit of detection and quantification were performed according to the International Conference on Harmonisation recommendations. Physical stability was checked by visual inspection. RESULTS The method was proven to be a validated stability-indicating assay. At 2-8°C, all tested solutions were chemically stable for 28 days. However, at 25°C, the main degradation product gradually increased during the study and the chemical stability of 1 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL solutions was 14 days, 8 days and 5 days, respectively. Similar results were observed in the glass containers. CONCLUSION The highest physical and chemical stability of cytarabine diluted in 0.9% NaCl in polypropylene syringes was observed at 2-8°C. At 25°C, better stability was found in the 1 mg/mL solution compared with those at higher concentrations (5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Ben Ayed
- National Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chema Drira
- National Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Soussi
- National Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Ouesleti
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Besma Hamdene
- National Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Myriam Khrouf
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fathi Safta
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ines Fradi
- National Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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7
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Baye Fall Diop B, Cheikh A, Mefetah H, Rahali Y, Oulad Bouyahya Idrissi M, Draoui M, Bouatia M. Interactions between injectable anticancer drugs and polyvinyl chloride bags: Evaluation of the adsorption phenomenon after reconstitution. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2019; 25:1119-1124. [DOI: 10.1177/1078155218778888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boubacar Baye Fall Diop
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amine Cheikh
- Department of Pharmacy, Cheikh Zaid Hospital, Abulcasis University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hafid Mefetah
- Department of Pharmacy, Pediatrics Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Younes Rahali
- Department of Galenical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Mustapha Draoui
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Bouatia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Ezquer-Garin C, Ferriols-Lisart R, Alós-Almiñana M. Stability of mycophenolate mofetil in polypropylene 5% dextrose infusion bags and chemical compatibility associated with the use of the Equashield ® closed-system transfer device. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4529. [PMID: 30845352 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stability studies are necessary in healthcare settings as they facilitate fast, cost-effective and efficient work related to batch manufacturing and availability of supplies. We studied the stability of 1-10 mg/mL mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in polypropylene 5% dextrose infusion bags prepared from Cellcept® and with a generic brand name (Micofenolato de Mofetilo Accord) at different storage temperatures. To ensure chemical compatibility during preparation, we also tested MMF sorption to the Equashield® closed-system drug transfer device used in this step. For this, a validated stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the quantification and identification of MMF in the infusion bags. The analytical selectivity of the assay was determined by subjecting an MMF sample to extreme values of pH, oxidative stress and heat conditions to force degradation. Protected from light, 1-10 mg/mL MMF in infusion polypropylene bags prepared from reconstituted Cellcept® 500 mg or Accord 500 mg in 5% dextrose was stable for at least 35 days when stored at 2-8°C or between -15 and -25°C, and for 14 days when stored at 25°C. MMF loss owing to chemical sorption to the Equashield® closed-system drug transfer device set was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ezquer-Garin
- Institute for Health Research (INCLIVA), Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Ferriols-Lisart
- Institute for Health Research (INCLIVA), Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Alós-Almiñana
- Institute for Health Research (INCLIVA), Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Dehdashtian S, Behbahanian N, Taherzadeh KM. An ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for direct determination of anticancer drug dacarbazine based on multiwall carbon nanotube-modified carbon paste electrode and application in pharmaceutical sample. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Białk-Bielińska A, Mulkiewicz E, Stokowski M, Stolte S, Stepnowski P. Acute aquatic toxicity assessment of six anti-cancer drugs and one metabolite using biotest battery - Biological effects and stability under test conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:689-698. [PMID: 28968575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Available ecotoxicological data for anti-cancer drugs and their metabolites are incomplete, and only some studies have been accompanied by chemical analysis. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the six most commonly used cytostatics, namely cyclophosphamide (CF), ifosfamide (IF), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), imatinib (IMT), tamoxifen (TAM) and methotrexate (MET) and its metabolite - 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MET), towards selected aquatic organisms, namely bacteria Vibrio fischeri, algae Raphidocelis subcapitata, crustaceans Daphnia magna and duckweed Lemna minor. All ecotoxicological tests were accompanied by chemical analysis to determine the differences between nominal and actual concentrations of investigated compounds and their stability under test conditions. For unstable compounds, tests were performed in static and semi-static conditions. It was observed that L. minor was the most sensitive organism. The compounds that were most toxic to aquatic organisms were 5-FU (highly toxic to algae, EC50 = 0.075 mg L-1), MET and TAM (very toxic to highly toxic to duckweed depending on the test conditions; EC50MET 0.08-0.16 mg L-1, EC50TAM 0.18-0.23 mg L-1). It is suspected that MET and 5-FU mainly affected algae and plants most probably because the exposure time was long enough for them to cause a specific effect (they inhibit DNA replication and act predominantly on actively dividing cells). Furthermore, the obtained results also suggest that the toxicity of the metabolites/potentially produced degradation products of MET towards duckweed is lower than that of the parent form, whereas the toxicity of TAM degradation products is in the same range as that of TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ewa Mulkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Stokowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; UFT - Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Faculty 4, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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11
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Crosby J, Brown S. Stability of compounded trilostane suspension in cod liver oil. Vet J 2017; 228:15-17. [PMID: 29153102 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trilostane is a synthetic steroid analog used to treat canine hyperadrenocorticism. For small dogs, the dose found in commercially available dosage forms of trilostane is sometimes too high. Compounding trilostane in a liquid diluent provides an option for more precise dosing and adjustments, and can be easier to administer, versus a tablet or capsule. Trilostane suspends well in cod liver oil, which is generally palatable to dogs. The stability of a compounded trilostane suspension in cod liver oil stored at room temperature was investigated for 90 days. Compounded trilostane retained stability, defined as maintaining 90-105% labeled value, for 60 days when stored in amber glass bottles. However, drug potency fell >10% below the labeled value when stored in amber plastic bottles after 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Crosby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 70594, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614-1708, USA
| | - Stacy Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 70594, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614-1708, USA.
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12
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Nissen KB, Jorgensen LB, Berg DL, Andersen G. Stability study of methotrexate in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5% dextrose injection with limit tests for impurities. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2017; 74:e211-e223. [PMID: 28438826 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp150818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Results of an evaluation of the stability of methotrexate in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5% dextrose injection are presented. METHODS Methotrexate concentrated solution (100 mg/mL) was diluted to nominal concentrations of 0.2 and 20 mg/mL in infusion bags containing 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection. The filled bags were stored for 28 days at 25 °C and 60% relative humidity and protected from light. Samples were withdrawn for analysis on the day of preparation and after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The test program included visual inspections, measurements of pH and infusion bag weight loss, and high-performance liquid chromatography assays to determine methotrexate content and characterize degradation products. RESULTS At both evaluated concentrations, methotrexate in 0.9% sodium chloride injection was stable for 28 days; only minor (<0.05%) increases in amounts of known and unknown degradation products were detected. In 5% dextrose injection, methotrexate at the higher concentration was stable for 28 days, with minor formation of degradation products; in the 0.2-mg/mL solution, however, methotrexate was stable for only 3 days. At later time points, an unknown impurity present at a concentration higher than 0.1% was observed. CONCLUSION At concentrations of 0.2 and 20 mg/mL, methotrexate in 0.9% sodium chloride injection was found to be stable for 28 days when stored at 25 °C and protected from light. Under the same storage conditions, methotrexate in a 20-mg/mL solution prepared with 5% dextrose injection was stable for 28 days, whereas a 0.2-mg/mL solution in the same diluent was stable for only 3 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gitte Andersen
- Hospital Pharmacy Funen, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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13
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Guichard N, Guillarme D, Bonnabry P, Fleury-Souverain S. Antineoplastic drugs and their analysis: a state of the art review. Analyst 2017; 142:2273-2321. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We provide an overview of the analytical methods available for the quantification of antineoplastic drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, biological and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Guichard
- Pharmacy
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)
- Geneva
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- University of Lausanne
- Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Pascal Bonnabry
- Pharmacy
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)
- Geneva
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Chan CM, Frimberger AE, Moore AS. A literature review of reports of the stability and storage of common injectable chemotherapy agents used in veterinary patients. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1124-1135. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Chan
- Queensland Veterinary Specialists; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | | | - A. S. Moore
- Veterinary Oncology Consultants; Wauchope NSW Australia
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15
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Lee M, Keener J, Rodgers GM, Adachi RY. Novel polymer container systems for protein therapeutics and cell culturing. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1149845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfai Lee
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Justin Keener
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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16
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Stability of Melphalan in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Solutions Prepared in Polyvinyl Chloride Bags for Intravenous Injection. Drugs R D 2016; 15:253-9. [PMID: 26178037 PMCID: PMC4561048 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-015-0098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Melphalan is an alkylating agent frequently used in an intravenous formulation to treat hematologic malignancies and solid tumors in both adults and children. According to the manufacturer, melphalan is stable in sterile 0.9 % sodium chloride for 90 min at room temperature (RT). Several authors have studied the stability of different concentrations of melphalan; however, most were not adapted to the current manufacturing process applied in pharmaceutical centralized units. This study was conducted to determine the stability of melphalan in 0.9 % sodium chloride solutions at concentrations used for intravenous injection in practice. Melphalan is commonly prepared in diluted solutions ranging from 2 to 4 mg/ml for the treatment of adult patients and at lower concentrations (down to 0.5 mg/ml) for pediatric use. Accordingly, these were the three concentrations chosen for this study. Melphalan concentrations were measured with high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). At RT, admixtures prepared at 4 mg/ml were stable for up to 8 h without protection from light; however, at lower concentrations, such as 0.5 and 2 mg/ml, stability did not exceed 2 h. When refrigerated, melphalan was stable for 24 h at 2 mg/ml; however, at 0.5 and 4 mg/ml, the drug was not stable. Melphalan solutions present with limited stability at 0.5, 2, and 4 mg/ml and are not adapted for delayed administration in pharmaceutical centralized units. However, at 4 mg/ml and at RT, a stability of 8 h is very interesting in practice and allows sufficient time for preparation, pharmaceutical control, transport, and administration.
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17
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Maraiki F, Farooq F, Ahmed M. Eliminating the use of intravenous glass bottles using a FOCUS-PDCA model and providing a practical stability reference guide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2016; 24:271-82. [PMID: 26857236 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the intravenous (IV) medications that are prepared in glass bottles at the institution and establish which of these medications can be prepared in flexible IV bags such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or non-PVC instead of glass bottles. The cost implication of switching from glass bottles to flexible IV bags was calculated. METHODS A study using FOCUS-PDCA model to identify IV medications prepared in glass bottles and establish which of these medications could be prepared in IV bags (PVC or non-PVC). The cost impact of switching from glass bottles to IV plastic bags (including PVC or non-PVC) was calculated. The stability data obtained were used as a reference for updating pharmacy internal IV preparation charts. KEY FINDINGS A total of 17 IV medications were found to be prepared in IV glass bottles. Of these 17 medications, only 8 (47%) were prepared in IV glass bottles due to incompatibility with PVC bags. For 7 (41%) of the medications, of which 6 were monoclonal antibodies (MABs), the reason for preparation in glass bottles was unclear as these medications are compatible with either PVC or non-PVC or both. The potential cost savings associated with switching all of the identified medications to IV plastic bags (either non-PVC or PVC) exceeded $200 000. CONCLUSIONS The elimination of glass bottles within the institution resulted in a significant cost saving. The use of FOCUS-PDCA model can help healthcare institution achieve significant improvements in process and realize significant cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Maraiki
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Pharmacy Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Farooq
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Pharmacy Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ahmed
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Pharmacy Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Nardella F, Beck M, Collart-Dutilleul P, Becker G, Boulanger C, Perello L, Gairard-Dory A, Gourieux B, Ubeaud-Séquier G. A UV-Raman spectrometry method for quality control of anticancer preparations: Results after 18 months of implementation in hospital pharmacy. Int J Pharm 2016; 499:343-350. [PMID: 26772534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In France, chemotherapy preparation units of hospital pharmacy compound cytotoxic infusion bags adapted to each patient. The narrow therapeutic index of these preparations led us to implement qualitative and quantitative control for patients' safety. To this aim, we calibrated an equipment combining UV-vis spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy (QC Prep+) and monitored 14 different molecule-solvent combinations over a 18 months period. This rapid and specific method allowed the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 1 mL sample tests in less than 2 min. On 5742 anticancer preparations, we obtained accepted results with more than 99.4% solvent identification, 99.6% drug identification and only 1.52% of preparations not matching quantitative specifications (±15% of theoretical concentration). This quantitative control enabled us to pinpoint some critical points of production for two of the most common preparations. We thus updated the procedures of reconstitution and preparation, increasing the quality of final product. UV-Raman spectrometry is thus an effective tool to control chemotherapy infusions and to improve good practices of preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Nardella
- Service de Pharmacie-Stérilisation, Laboratoire de contrôle, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Morgane Beck
- Service de Pharmacie-Stérilisation, Laboratoire de contrôle, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Collart-Dutilleul
- Service de Pharmacie-Stérilisation, Laboratoire de contrôle, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Becker
- Service de Pharmacie-Stérilisation, Laboratoire de contrôle, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Coralie Boulanger
- Service de Pharmacie-Stérilisation, Laboratoire de contrôle, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Perello
- Service de Pharmacie-Stérilisation, Laboratoire de contrôle, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Gairard-Dory
- Service de Pharmacie-Stérilisation, Laboratoire de contrôle, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bénédicte Gourieux
- Service de Pharmacie-Stérilisation, Laboratoire de contrôle, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Geneviève Ubeaud-Séquier
- Service de Pharmacie-Stérilisation, Laboratoire de contrôle, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France.
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19
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Impact of Handling Errors for Chemical Cross-contamination Risk for the Preparation of Parenteral Cytotoxic Drugs. PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY IN HOSPITAL PHARMACY 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pthp-2015-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of chemical cross-contamination between preparations of cytotoxic drugs performed in hospital pharmacy. Simulation of handling process errors was performed with two selected tracers, thiamine and retinol to mimic hydrophilic and lipophilic cytotoxic drugs. Four types of handling errors were simulated: errors associated with the re-use of a disposable transfer device: syringe, spike and needle and errors associated with surface contamination such as the use of a contaminated pad. The results show rates of contamination above the limit of quantification with the re-use of a syringe, a needle or a spike. For example, with the thiamine solution at 50 mg/ml final concentration, the re-use of a spike led to a contamination of approximately 100 µl equivalent to 5 mg. By contrast, the use of a surface contaminated pad failed to detect a cross-contamination. Cross-contamination related to a contamination of surface by a cytotoxic drug represents a low risk. However, the re-use of a single medical device due to handling human error led to quantifiable risk of cross-contamination. Furthermore, this type of error is very difficult to detect and may be frequent enough to have potential impact on patient.
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20
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Abd El-Hady D, Albishri HM, Rengarajan R. Eco-friendly ionic liquid assisted capillary electrophoresis andα-acid glycoprotein-assisted liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of anticancer drugs in human fluids. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:925-34. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deia Abd El-Hady
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science-North Jeddah; King Abdulaziz University; 80203 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Assiut University; 71516 Assiut Egypt
| | - Hassan M. Albishri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; 80203 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Rengarajan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; 80203 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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21
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Radi AE, Eissa A, Nassef HM. Voltammetric and spectroscopic studies on the binding of the antitumor drug dacarbazine with DNA. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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SFPO and ESOP recommendations for the practical stability of anticancer drugs: An update. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2013; 71:376-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Larsson I, Kart T. Evaluation of sources to document extended shelf lives of compounded cytostatics. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2012; 19:355-64. [PMID: 23235919 DOI: 10.1177/1078155212465996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing demand for compounded cytostatics, future compounding of these drugs has to include automated production and improved logistics, and in both cases batch production for stockholding is needed. This set-up would also meet future staff shortages. Stockholding requires documentation of extended shelf lives in the range of minimum 1-3 months. Documentation is often provided by summary of product characteristics, data provided by the industry which is not included in the summary of product characteristics and data from literature. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of the three main stability data sources used by hospital pharmacies when assessing extended shelf lives of compounded cytostatics. METHODS A total of 150 summary of product characteristics for fluorouracil, cyclophosphamid, oxaliplatin, cisplatin, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, vincristin, irinotecan, epirubicin, gemcitabin, docetaxel, carboplatin and cytarabin were examined regarding available information on how to handle the compounded product. A survey of literature for shelf lives for cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and gemcitabine has been made. Dialogues with 14 suppliers of cytostatica have been conducted to clarify the possibility of expanding the fluorouracil information on shelf lives to include information on extended shelf lives of compounded products. RESULTS The analysis showed that often the information on shelf life stated in the summary of product characteristic is very short and sparse in basic information regarding the compounded product. The dialogues with the companies revealed that longer shelf lives will probably not be stated in the summary of product characteristic, and the literature review revealed very different stability data and uncertainty on the validity of the obtained data. CONCLUSION None of these data sources can be applied as documentation for extended shelf lives and it is crucial to document the extended stability yourself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iben Larsson
- The Danish Research Unit for Hospital Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Spangenberg JE. Caution on the storage of waters and aqueous solutions in plastic containers for hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:2627-2636. [PMID: 23059879 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The choice of containers for storage of aqueous samples between their collection, transport and water hydrogen ((2)H) and oxygen ((18)O) stable isotope analysis is a topic of concern for a wide range of fields in environmental, geological, biomedical, food, and forensic sciences. The transport and separation of water molecules during water vapor or liquid uptake by sorption or solution and the diffusive transport of water molecules through organic polymer material by permeation or pervaporation may entail an isotopic fractionation. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the extent of such fractionation. METHODS Sixteen bottle-like containers of eleven different organic polymers, including low and high density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and perfluoroalkoxy-Teflon (PFA), of different wall thickness and size were completely filled with the same mineral water and stored for 659 days under the same conditions of temperature and humidity. Particular care was exercised to keep the bottles tightly closed and prevent loss of water vapor through the seals. RESULTS Changes of up to +5‰ for δ(2)H values and +2.0‰ for δ(18)O values were measured for water after more than 1 year of storage within a plastic container, with the magnitude of change depending mainly on the type of organic polymer, wall thickness, and container size. The most important variations were measured for the PET and PC bottles. Waters stored in glass bottles with Polyseal™ cone-lined PP screw caps and thick-walled HDPE or PFA containers with linerless screw caps having an integrally molded inner sealing ring preserved their original δ(2)H and δ(18)O values. The carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen stable isotope compositions of the organic polymeric materials were also determined. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study clearly show that for precise and accurate measurements of the water stable isotope composition in aqueous solutions, rigorous sampling and storage procedures are needed both for laboratory standards and for unknown samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Spangenberg
- Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, University of Lausanne, Anthropole Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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25
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García SV, Briz EL, Cava PE, Balaguer J, Pelufo A, Megías JE, Andrés JLP. Selective ophthalmic intra-arterial melphalan therapy for advanced retinoblastoma: Implementation and outcomes of a new chemotherapy protocol. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2012; 19:159-64. [DOI: 10.1177/1078155212457964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a relatively uncommon childhood tumor. If untreated, RB grows to fill the eye and destroys the ocular globe’s internal architecture. Metastatic spread usually begins after the first 6 months, and death occurs within a matter of years. When treated, overall survival rounds 97%, the alkylating drug melphalan being the most extensively used chemotherapeutic agent in localized treatment. In our hospital, pediatric oncologists asked the Pharmacy Department for assessment in order to implement a new chemotherapy protocol for the treatment of advanced intraocular elegible retinoblastoma cases using melphalan administered directly through the ophthalmic artery. In this paper, we describe the protocol implementation carried out by our collaborative interdisciplinary team as well as the clinical outcomes of five cases treated with ophthalmic intra-arterial melphalan therapy. Oncology pharmacists can contribute with their knowledge to the implementation process of new collaborative practice protocols recommending doses, predicting possible adverse effects and assessing about drug stability and elaboration, packaging and administration methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Pelufo
- Hospital Luis Alcañiz, Pharmacy Xátiva, Valencia, Spain
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26
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Analysis of anticancer drugs: a review. Talanta 2011; 85:2265-89. [PMID: 21962644 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the number of patients receiving chemotherapy has considerably increased. Given the toxicity of cytotoxic agents to humans (not only for patients but also for healthcare professionals), the development of reliable analytical methods to analyse these compounds became necessary. From the discovery of new substances to patient administration, all pharmaceutical fields are concerned with the analysis of cytotoxic drugs. In this review, the use of methods to analyse cytotoxic agents in various matrices, such as pharmaceutical formulations and biological and environmental samples, is discussed. Thus, an overview of reported analytical methods for the determination of the most commonly used anticancer drugs is given.
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Chang JY, Xiao NJ, Zhu M, Zhang J, Hoff E, Russell SJ, Katta V, Shire SJ. Leachables from Saline-Containing IV Bags Can Alter Therapeutic Protein Properties. Pharm Res 2010; 27:2402-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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29
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Stability of antineoplastic agents in use for home-based intravenous chemotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 31:1-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s11096-008-9270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Paci A, Rieutord A, Brion F, Prognon P. Separation methods for alkylating antineoplastic compounds. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 764:255-87. [PMID: 11817031 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The separating method for alkylating neoplastic compounds were reviewed based on the classification of the Merck Index (12th Edition). Each section, whenever available or relevant, was subdivided according to the following approach: stability studies, extraction methods, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. At the end of each chapter a separate table summarizing the main characteristics of the separating method were established. In particular LODs and/or LOQs were expressed as quantity to facilitate comparison between methods. This review highlights the problems to measure trace levels of these compounds into biological fluids with respect to their instability, adsorption to glass and plastic or derivatization requirements. Over the last decades, HPLC seems to be more popular than GC for separating the alkylating agents. The development of narrow- or microbore LC coupled to MS is certainly the way to further improve both separation and sensitivity obtained in the different papers surveyed for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paci
- Service de Pharmacie et Laboratoire de Toxico-Pharmacologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France.
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