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The Utilization of Selected Threatened or Protected Plant Species; A Case of Limpopo Province, South Africa. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Limpopo Province, harvesting plants for herbal use by traditional health practitioners and ordinary people is an everyday practice. The study investigated the utilization of the following Threatened or Protected Plant-listed species (TOPS): Alepidea amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh., Brackenridgea zanguebarica Oliv., Dioscorea sylvatica Eckl., Drimia sanguinea (Schinz) Jessop, Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L.Burtt and Warburgia salutaris (G.Bertol.) Chiov. in Limpopo Province, South Africa. A total of 333 participants were interviewed in this study, across the five districts of the Limpopo Province. Results indicate that traditional health practitioners (THPs) and community members (CMs) use these species exclusively for medicinal purposes. Remedies were often prepared using the underground parts of the plants, which were purchased chiefly from muthi shops–shops trading in both indigenous and exotic plant and animal material used for witchcraft and/or healing. Just over 58.4% of respondents indicated that they purchase material from muthi shops due to their scarcity in local communal lands. In contrast, nearly 40% of participants disclosed that they harvest material from open access land. Only 1.6% of participants sourced these plants from their home gardens. The preference for underground parts and species rarely cultivated in home gardens will lead to extinction of wild populations unless users switch to alternative parts for sustainability.
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Buwa-Komoreng L, Adams Z, Thekisoe O. An ethnobotanical survey of traditional medicinal plants used against elephantiasis in the or Tambo District, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_434_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sibandze GF, Stapleton P, Gibbons S. Constituents of Two Dioscorea Species That Potentiate Antibiotic Activity against MRSA. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1696-1700. [PMID: 32364729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of two diarylnonanoids from Dioscorea cotinifolia possessing antibiotic-potentiating activity against resistant strains of S. aureus are reported. The diarylnonanoids are a class of natural products similar in structure to the diarylheptanoids, which have a wide spectrum of reported biological activities. One of the diarylnonanoids (1) isolated possesses a chiral center, and to deduce its configuration, the modified Mosher ester method was used. Using both 1D and 2D NMR data, as many protons as possible were assigned to both the R- and S-MTPA esters, and the configuration of the chiral center in 1 was determined to be R. Both the chiral and achiral diarylnonanoid (2) exhibited potent antibiotic-potentiating activity with the chiral natural product showing a greater tetracycline-potentiating activity than 2. Interestingly, 2 gave a higher norfloxacin-potentiating activity with a resultant higher efflux pump inhibitory activity. Manipulation of the structure of the diarylnonanoids through synthesis could lead to improved biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugu F Sibandze
- Research Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- Eswatini Institute for Research in Traditional Medicine, Medicinal and Indigenous Food Plants, University of Eswatini, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni M201, Eswatini
| | - Paul Stapleton
- Research Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Research Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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Bozorgi M, Amin G, Shekarchi M, Rahimi R. Traditional medical uses of Drimia species in terms of phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018; 37:124-39. [PMID: 29960283 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Drimia genus includes plants that used from ancient time for various ailments such as dropsy, respiratory
ailment, bone and joint complications, skin disorders, epilepsy and cancer. Toxic properties
of some Drimia species also were noted by ancient scientists and these plants have been traditionally
used for rat control. Bufadienolides have been identified as the main constituents in the genus of
Drimia. Phenolics, sterols, protein and some of other phytochemicals have been also isolated from
these plants. Pharmacological and clinical studies have strongly approved their effect on cardiovascular
system. Extracts and compounds isolated from Drimia species showed biological activities such as
antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and insecticidal effects through several
in vivo and in vitro studies. Moreover, cytotoxic and antitumor activities which may be related
to bufadienolide content of these plants have been considered by many researchers. Traditional therapeutic
values of these plants for treating respiratory and rheumatic ailments as well as skin disorders
are needed to be validated through more researches. Toxic effects of these plants and isolated compounds
have been investigated through several in vivo studies. Drimia plants and their isolated compounds
have narrow therapeutic index, so patients should be prohibited from applying these plants
without medical supervision and should be informed about the main intoxication symptoms before
starting treatment. Moreover, interaction of Drimia plants with other constituents of traditional
herbal mixtures as well as chemical and biological modalities for reducing toxicity of bufadienolide
compounds can be subjected for future studies.
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Samie A, Madzie N. EFFECTS OF COMBRETUM HEREROENSE AND CANTHIUMMUNDIANUM water EXTRACTS ON PRODUCTION AND EXPRESSION OF INTERLEUKIN-4. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2016; 14:302-309. [PMID: 28480408 PMCID: PMC5411882 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combretum hereroense and Canthium mundianum are two plants commonly used by traditional healers in the Northern region of Limpopo, South Africa for the treatment of diarrhea and inflammation. In the present study, the effects of their water extracts on the production and expression of interleukin-4 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC'S) from HIV positive and negative individuals was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected from both HIV positive and HIV negative volunteers and were used for the purification of Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The PBMCs were cultured together with the water extracts after activation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for three days. Solid-phase sandwich ELISA (MABTECH) kit was used to detect IL-4 on un-stimulated and stimulated PBMC'S with phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and plant extracts, followed by the isolation of RNA using RNAesy Qiagen mini kit from the cells. Reverse transcriptase real time PCR was used to evaluate IL-4 gene expression by the cells. RESULTS Combretum hereroense showed higher production of IL-4 at three different concentrations and a significant expression of mRNA with 4-fold amplification increase at 300μg/ml and 2-fold amplification increase at 20μg/ml. Canthium mundianum also showed increased production of IL-4 at 300μg/ml, but inhibited its production at 20μg/ml. Both extracts showed no expression at 50μg/ml. The response of the PBMCs from HIV negative individuals was more pronounced than that of HIV positive individuals who mostly increased production of IL4 at smaller concentrations unlike their HIV negative counterparts. Although in vitro studies do not necessarily predict in vivo outcomes, the plant extracts modulated the immune system by enhancing the production and expression of IL-4 in both HIV- and HIV+ individuals at different concentrations. CONCLUSIONS For the first time we have shown that the immunomodulatory effect of medicinal plants may depend on the clinical status of the individual. The present study revealed that the effect of the water extracts from the two plants on IL-4 expression and production is dependent on the microbiological state of the individual and is dose dependent. Further studies are needed to identify the active components in the extracts and also characterize the patients further for a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of these extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amidou Samie
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Parasitology and Opportunistic Infections Program, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Nditsheni Madzie
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Parasitology and Opportunistic Infections Program, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
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Prevalence, perceptions and factors influencing the use of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) in Zimbabwe’s adult population: The case of Bindura District. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Teixidor-Toneu I, Martin GJ, Ouhammou A, Puri RK, Hawkins JA. An ethnomedicinal survey of a Tashelhit-speaking community in the High Atlas, Morocco. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:96-110. [PMID: 27174082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional knowledge about medicinal plants from a poorly studied region, the High Atlas in Morocco, is reported here for the first time; this permits consideration of efficacy and safety of current practises whilst highlighting species previously not known to have traditional medicinal use. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study aims to document local medicinal plant knowledge among Tashelhit speaking communities through ethnobotanical survey, identifying preferred species and new medicinal plant citations and illuminating the relationship between emic and etic ailment classifications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical data were collected using standard methods and with prior informed consent obtained before all interactions, data were characterized using descriptive indices and medicinal plants and healing strategies relevant to local livelihoods were identified. RESULTS 151 vernacular names corresponding to 159 botanical species were found to be used to treat 36 folk ailments grouped in 14 biomedical use categories. Thirty-five (22%) are new medicinal plant records in Morocco, and 26 described as used for the first time anywhere. Fidelity levels (FL) revealed low specificity in plant use, particularly for the most commonly reported plants. Most plants are used in mixtures. Plant use is driven by local concepts of disease, including "hot" and "cold" classification and beliefs in supernatural forces. CONCLUSION Local medicinal plant knowledge is rich in the High Atlas, where local populations still rely on medicinal plants for healthcare. We found experimental evidence of safe and effective use of medicinal plants in the High Atlas; but we highlight the use of eight poisonous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Teixidor-Toneu
- Section of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB), Harborne Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AS, UK.
| | | | - Ahmed Ouhammou
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Regional Herbarium MARK, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco.
| | - Rajindra K Puri
- Centre for Biocultural Diversity, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK.
| | - Julie A Hawkins
- Section of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB), Harborne Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AS, UK.
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Raman V, Galal AM, Avula B, Sagi S, Smillie TJ, Khan IA. Application of anatomy and HPTLC in characterizing species of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae). J Nat Med 2014; 68:686-98. [PMID: 24928704 PMCID: PMC5584786 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The edible tubers from different species of Dioscorea are a major source of food and nutrition for millions of people. Some of the species are medicinally important but others are toxic. The genus consists of about 630 species of almost wholly dioecious plants, many of them poorly characterized. The taxonomy of Dioscorea is confusing and identification of the species is generally problematic. There are no adequate anatomical studies available for most of the species. This study is aimed to fill this gap and provides a detailed investigation of the anatomy and micro-morphology of the rhizomes and tubers of five different species of Dioscorea, namely D. balcanica, D. bulbifera, D. polystachya, D. rotundata and D. villosa. The primary features that can help in distinguishing the species include the nature of periderm, presence or absence of pericyclic sclereids, lignification in the phloem, types of calcium oxalate crystals and features of starch grains. The descriptions are supported with images of bright-field and scanning electron microscopy for better understanding of these species. The diagnostic key of anatomical features included in this paper can help distinguish the investigated species unambiguously. Additionally, HPTLC analyses of authentic and commercial samples of the five species are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayasankar Raman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA,
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Mulholland DA, Schwikkard SL, Crouch NR. The chemistry and biological activity of the Hyacinthaceae. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:1165-210. [PMID: 23892453 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Hyacinthaceae (sensu APGII), with approximately 900 species in about 70 genera, can be divided into three main subfamilies, the Hyacinthoideae, the Urgineoideae and the Ornithogaloideae, with a small fourth subfamily the Oziroëoideae, restricted to South America. The plants included in this family have long been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of medicinal applications. This, together with some significant toxicity to livestock has led to the chemical composition of many of the species being investigated. The compounds found are, for the most part, subfamily-restricted, with homoisoflavanones and spirocyclic nortriterpenoids characterising the Hyacinthoideae, bufadienolides characterising the Urgineoideae, and cardenolides and steroidal glycosides characterising the Ornithogaloideae. The phytochemical profiles of 38 genera of the Hyacinthaceae will be discussed as well as any biological activity associated with both crude extracts and compounds isolated. The Hyacinthaceae of southern Africa were last reviewed in 2000 (T. S. Pohl, N. R. Crouch and D. A. Mulholland, Curr. Org. Chem., 2000, 4, 1287-1324; ref. 1); the current contribution considers the family at a global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulcie A Mulholland
- Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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Rakotobe L, Berkal M, Huet H, Djediat C, Jeannoda V, Bodo B, Mambu L, Crespeau F, Edery M. Effects of Madagascar yam extracts, Dioscorea antaly, on embryo-larval development of medaka fish, Oryzias latipes. Toxicon 2010; 55:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bhandari MR, Kawabata J. Bitterness and toxicity in wild yam (Dioscorea spp.) tubers of Nepal. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2005; 60:129-35. [PMID: 16187016 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-005-6841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Wild yams make a significant contribution to diets of tribal people in Nepal. However, these wild tubers are unpalatable, taste bitter, produce inflammation and show occasional toxicity. Four wild yam species, which are eaten after primary treatment by Nepali aborigines, were analyzed for bitter and toxic principles. Bitter components were identified as furanoid norditerpenes (diosbulbins A and B). Diosbulbins A and B were found in the range of 0.023-0.046 and 0.151-0.442 g kg(-1), respectively. Results demonstrated that diosbulbin B, with an average value of 0.314 g kg(-1), was the principal bitter compound as compared to diosbulbin A (0.037 g kg(-1)). The toxic alkaloid, dioscorine and histamine (an allergen) were not detected in these tubers, whereas cyanogens (as HCN equivalent) content were found ranging from 3.2 to 6.0 ppm. Our results revealed that Nepali wild yam tubers are not toxic varieties, as they do not contain either toxic dioscorine or histamine and cyanogens contents were satisfactorily below the safety limits. The inflammation and occasional toxicity observed could possibly be due to the presence of high level of oxalate in these tubers. Domestic cooking methods were found to be very efficient in removing bitterness, thus making the bitter yams palatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megh Raj Bhandari
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Louw CAM, Regnier TJC, Korsten L. Medicinal bulbous plants of South Africa and their traditional relevance in the control of infectious diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2002; 82:147-154. [PMID: 12241989 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are becoming more important in modern-day society as man is moving away from synthetic products, which can be detrimental to the environment and human health. Scientific research on the healing properties and bioactivity of natural compounds, especially of plant origin, has been extensive particularly in the Western world. However, a rich heritage of floral biodiversity is found in developing countries. South Africa, a country with a strong history of traditional healing, hosts a variety of around 30000 plant species. Indigenous bulbous plants of importance to South African traditional healers mainly belong to the Amaryllidaceae and Hyacinthaceae families. A number of these plants have particular uses as disinfectants and anti-inflammatory agents, although there is still a lack of scientific research regarding their unique pharmacological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A M Louw
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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