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Xie D, Zhao T, Zhang X, Kui L, Wang Q, Wu Y, Zheng T, Ma P, Zhang Y, Molteni H, Geng R, Yang Y, Li B, Zheng QY. Autophagy Contributes to the Rapamycin-Induced Improvement of Otitis Media. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:753369. [PMID: 35153674 PMCID: PMC8832103 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.753369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is a pervasive disease that involves hearing loss and severe complications. In our previous study, we successfully established a mouse model of human OM using Tlr2tm1Kir (TLR2-/-) mice with middle ear (ME) inoculation of streptococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PGPS). In this study, we found that hearing loss and OM infections in OM mice were significantly alleviated after treatment with rapamycin (RPM), a widely used mechanistic target of RPM complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor and autophagy inducer. First of all, we tested the activity of mTORC1 by evaluating p-S6, Raptor, and mTOR protein expression. The data suggested that the protein expression level of p-S6, Raptor and mTOR are decreased in TLR2-/- mice after the injection of PGPS. Furthermore, our data showed that both the autophagosome protein LC3-II, Beclin-1, ATG7, and autophagy substrate protein p62 accumulated at higher levels in mice with OM than in OM-negative mice. The expression of lysosomal-associated proteins LAMP1, Cathepsin B, and Cathepsin D increased in the OM mice compared with OM-negative mice. Rab7 and Syntaxin 17, which is necessary for the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, are reduced in the OM mice. In addition, data also described that the protein expression level of p-S6, mTOR and Raptor are lower than PGPS group after RPM treatment. The accumulation of LC3-II, Beclin-1, and ATG7 are decreased, and the expression of Rab7 and Syntaxin 17 are increased significantly after RPM treatment. Our results suggest that autophagy impairment is involved in PGPS-induced OM and that RPM improves OM at least partly by relieving autophagy impairment. Modulating autophagic activity by RPM may be a possible effective treatment strategy for OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoli Xie
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Lihong Kui
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuancheng Wu
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tihua Zheng
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Peng Ma
- Department of Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Helen Molteni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ruishuang Geng
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qing Yin Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Zhang X, Zheng T, Sang L, Apisa L, Zhao H, Fu F, Wang Q, Wang Y, Zheng Q. Otitis media induced by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PGPS) in TLR2-deficient (Tlr2(-/-)) mice for developing drug therapy. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 35:194-203. [PMID: 26296608 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling can regulate the pathogenesis of otitis media (OM). However, the precise role of TLR2 signaling in OM has not been clarified due to the lack of an optimal animal model. Peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PGPS) of the bacterial cell wall can induce inflammation by activating the TLR2 signaling. This study aimed at examining the pathogenic characteristics of OM induced by PGPS in Tlr2(-/-) mice, and the potential therapeutic effect of sodium aescinate (SA) in this model. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Tlr2(-/-) mice were inoculated with streptococcal PGPS into their middle ears (MEs) and treated intravenously with vehicle or SA daily beginning at 3days prior to PGPS for 6 consecutive days. The pathologic changes of individual mice were evaluated longitudinally. RESULTS In comparison with WT mice, Tlr2(-/-) mice were susceptible to PGPS-induced OM. Tlr2(-/-) mice displayed greater hearing loss, tympanic membrane damage, ME mucosal thickening, longer inflammation state, cilia and goblet cell loss. SA-treatment decreased neutrophil infiltration, modulated TLR2-related gene expression and improved ciliary organization. CONCLUSIONS PGPS induced a relatively stable OM in Tlr2(-/-) mice, providing a new model for OM research. Treatment with SA mitigated the pathogenic damage in the ME and may be valuable for intervention of OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhang
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China; Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tihua Zheng
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lu Sang
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Luke Apisa
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hongchun Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Qingyin Zheng
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China; Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Alper CM, Andalibi A, Bakaletz LO, Buchman C, Cayé-Thomasen P, Hellstrom SOM, Herman P, Hermansson A, Hussl B, Iino Y, Kawauchi H, Paparella MM, Sando I, Swarts JD, Takasaka T. Recent advances in otitis media. 4. Anatomy, cell biology, pathology, and animal models. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2002; 188:36-51. [PMID: 11968860 DOI: 10.1177/00034894021110s307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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