Manifestations cliniques et biologiques de la primo-infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine : revue de la littérature

[Acute rhabdomyolysis and primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: a new observation]

INTRODUCTION

Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is a clinical and biological misleading and often undiagnosed illness. Laboratory studies frequently demonstrate abnormalities. Acute rhabdomyolysis is rarely reported.

EXEGESIS

Authors report the case of an African man who presented with acute fever, cough, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and rhabdomyolysis without other possible cause. HIV test and detection of plasma p24 antigen were initially negative but were controlled positive and associated with high level of viral RNA.

CONCLUSION

Symptomatic primary human immunodeficiency virus infection presenting with acute rhabdomyolysis was diagnosed. Diagnosis of primary HIV-1 infection must be considered in young people and patients at risk who present with acute rhabdomyolysis and fever.

[Symptomatic primary human immunodeficiency virus infection]

Symptomatic primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was originally defined as a mononucleosis-like syndrome, with or without lymphocytic meningitis, associated with seroconversion for HIV. However, other protean clinical manifestations have been reported, and diagnosis should be considered in patients with risk factors for HIV who experience acute infectious illness, requiring search for p24 antigenemia and development of HIV antibodies. The clinical presentation of symptomatic HIV infection could predict the subsequent disease progression. In several studies, it is associated with poor prognosis. Pathogenesis relies on the host immune response and on virologic parameters. Early antiretroviral therapy on acute HIV infection could modify the course of infection.